...Art history From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the academic discipline of art history. For an overview of the history of art worldwide, see History of art. For other uses, see Art history (disambiguation). This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) Venus de Milo on display at the Louvre Art history has historically been understood as the academic study of objects of art in their historical development and stylistic contexts, i.e. genre, design, format, and style.[1] This includes the "major" arts of painting, sculpture, and architecture as well as the "minor" arts of ceramics, furniture, and other decorative objects. As a term, art history (also history of art) encompasses several methods of studying the visual arts; in common usage referring to works of art and architecture. Aspects of the discipline worms. As the art historian Ernst Gombrich once observed, "the field of art history [is] much like Caesar's Gaul, divided in three parts inhabited by three different, though not necessarily hostile tribes: (i) the connoisseurs, (ii) the critics, and (iii) the academic art historians".[2] As a discipline, art history is distinguished from art criticism, which is concerned with establishing a relative artistic value upon individual works with respect to others of...
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...to Modern Art Dr. Dwight Smith What I’ve Learned in Renaissance to Modern Art I’ve learned so much information in the class titled “Renaissance to Modern Art” and I want to start off with my new found knowledge of Art History. According to Wikipedia, the history of art is “the history of any activity or product made by humans in a visual form for aesthetical or communicative purposes, expressing ideas, emotions or, in general, a worldview.” This field of "art history" was developed in the Western world, and originally was focused solely on European art history. Gradually, over the course of the 20th century, a wider vision of art history has developed. Thus, art history is now viewed to encompass all visual art, from the sculptures in Western Europe to the paintings in China. Also according to this source, the history of art is often told as a chronology of masterpieces created in each civilization. It is said that the Wonders of the World are the epitome of high culture through the stories that are conveyed. Art history spans the entire history of humankind, from prehistoric times to the twenty-first century. No matter what you choose to observe, you can find visual arts that challenge someone’s creative side and inspire them to find beauty in the things manmade. In modern times, art history has emerged as a discipline that specializes in teaching people how to evaluate and interpret works of art based on their own perspective. Art history has frequently...
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...THE HISTORY OF ART HISTORY AT HUNTER COLLEGE Hunter College was founded in 1870 in order to provide a liberal education to young women who wished to become teachers. It was first known as the Normal College of the City of New York, "normal" as in école normale, a school for the training of teachers. The founding of the College was part of a master plan for free higher education for all the citizens of New York City. This system eventually became the largest municipal system of higher education in the United States. It led to the establishment, in 1961, of the City University of New York, of which Hunter College was a founding member. The Normal College was intended to provide specialized teacher training but it gradually developed and expanded its curriculum until it became a fully accredited liberal arts college for women. In 1914, its name was changed to Hunter College of the City of New York to honor Thomas Hunter, its first president. Male students were admitted to the previously exclusively female student body beginning in 1964, but its importance to the education of women accounted for its national reputation. By 1970 more American women who had earned Ph.D.'s had received their undergraduate education at Hunter College than at any other institution in the United States. It is no exaggeration to say that in its first century of existence no college in the United States contributed more to the education of women than Hunter College. As the College grew the...
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...Art 100 – Art Appreciation Museum of Culpeper Many artists throughout time have captured the rich history of Culpeper. These artists depicted the evolution of times, with the wars Culpeper was involved in and the beauty of the architecture of this city. These work of arts are now on display at the Museum of Culpeper and during a visit on the fifteenth of November, I was able to witness this history that was captured by these artist throughout the life of Culpeper. The Parting by John Paul Strain depicts both the militant history and the architecture of its time but the main focus of this picture is of General Hill and his wife. The focus on General Hill and his wife is delineated by the space used by John Paul Strain. He places the loving couple at the front and center of the painting pulling the eye of the viewer straight to them. With the use of oil on canvas, Strain was able to capture this moment of love at the romantic time of day, sunset as he heads off to the Battle of Fredericksburg and his wife is getting a final goodbye. With General and Mrs. Hill embraced in a sign of love, this leads one to believe it was based in Romanticism. The Parting was painted circa 1862-1862, could easily be seen as John Paul Strain following in the wake of the Romanticism style that occurred between 1820 and 1850 in Europe. Along with the timing of this painting, Romanticism celebrates nature, rural life and the common people. The Parting shows a house in the woods of a General of the...
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...Tyisha Tomlinson Essay 1 Is all art worth studying? Art has long been a way of releasing creative expression. From long ago artist have used their creativeness to tell stories and invoke feelings of pleasure. Also art has been a way of understanding people and the way they lived and what they did in their time. "Hall of the Bulls"," Bull-Leaping", and "Interior of the Tomb of the Leopards" are three art pieces that tell the history of its time. The "Hall of the Bulls" was created between 15000-13000 BCE. This painting was done on the wall of a rock in a cave. It is considered the Stone Age style. The subject of this painting is animals primarily bulls. According to Gardner's Art through the Ages historians wondered why the painting consists only of animals. It was later thought that it was a way of having power or control of the animals. The cave in which the painting is in Lascaux, near Montignac, France. Unlike the "Hall of the Bulls" the "Bull-leaping" painting is near Eastern and Egyptian art. The painting was created around 1450-1400 BCE. According to Gardner's Art through the Ages only fragments of the full composition survive. The remainder is a modern restoration. The style of this painting is Greek Knossos. This painting represents people and animals. It depicts the sport of bull leaping. The people in the painting are very agile and revealed to be able to master the animal. A Minoan artist created this painting. The Interior of the "Tomb...
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...Art History Introduction The Conquests of Alexander the Great culminated to the establishment of Hellenistic Kingdoms in South-West Asia from 323 BC to 146 BC. This led to the spread of Hellenistic cultures to these regions. The Hellenistic civilization and culture encompasses a blend between the Ancient Greek culture, religion and art and the South-West Asia art, culture and religion. The Head of Bodhisattva contained in the Cantor Museum encompasses the head of a Buddhist being that easily attained Buddhahood, but forgoes his Nirvana with the aim of aiding those in the world to walk in the Buddhist path. This Head was created in the Gandhara Ancient kingdom located in South West Asia. This Head was created using the Gandhara or Greco-Buddhist art that was highly influenced by Hellenistic Art. The Head of Alexander the Great encompasses an art created during the Hellenistic Civilization that spread after the Conquests of Alexander the Great. The fact that both The Head of Alexander the Great and The Head of Bodhisattva were created under Hellenistic and Greco-Buddhist art, cultural, religious and artistic connections can be identified between them. Cultural Connections Both Heads were created during the Hellenistic civilization whose major characteristic was the Hellenistic culture. This culture was however influenced by the indigenous cultures of the conquests culminating into the Greco Buddhist culture. During the creation of both heads the main language utilized in Alexandria...
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...Art of South and Southeast Asia before 1200: Portrayal of the Buddha Sabrina Hashem 04.12.2011 Art History Survey I Christine I. Wilson This paper analyzes the art of Southeast Asia before 1200, specifically the depiction of Buddha. A general idea of Buddhism and Buddhist art is presented as well as two specific works of Buddhist art. A study of how different cultures and time period influenced these pieces follows their descriptions, and finally a critique of each and a comparison of the two are also presented. Buddhism began in the late medieval period in India during the rule of the Pala dynasty with one man, Siddhartha Gautama. Known today as Buddha Shakyamuni, Siddhartha was born to a ruler of a small kingdom in present day Nepal. With the rise of an urban society replacing the agricultural lifestyle this was a time of great social turmoil in the sub-continental India. The Aryan people, with whom caste system began in Hinduism, became more and more complex in their social and religious practices. The Brahmins, the priestly class grew powerful and began to impose rigid ideas about social order to ensure their place in power over the rest of the society. Many sages and philosophers at the time began to resist this unequal society and began preaching of social equality and a more direct and personal access to the spiritual world. Siddhartha would have experienced this revolutionary movement as a young boy. Around this time he also encountered sickness and death among...
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...two artists that live in the same time period, have the same culture, but have so different styles of painting. The Italian Renaissance started in the 13th and 14th Century, leading into the High Renaissance, Renaissance in the North, and the late Renaissance in Italy. In Italy the society after the Middle Ages was powerful city states, extensive trade, and banking had developed. Education was a priority; in Italy the first University for Greek Studies was established. Most Scholars referred to themselves as humanists, not only did they believe education should teach the early Christian hood, but also liberal arts, grammar, poetry, history, politics, and philosophy. Renaissance humanists believed strongly in knowledge, they felt that God created mankind to pursue knowledge and strive to their full potential. Thus, this leads into artists creating visual elements of art to teach education. The main patron of artwork was The Church, wealthy independents, and merchant-princes. The Church paid the finest artists to paint stories of Bible references, because most people in this time period were illiterate. Examples for The Church would be “Bellini, Pieta,” “Leonardo, Virgin and St. Anne,” and “Leonardo, The Last Supper”. All three of these artworks illustrate a biblical story. Also another patron was Pope Julius II; he commissioned Michelangelo to paint the ceiling of The Sistine Chapel. Well-known artist of the Renaissance time period was Leonardo Da Vinci and Michelangelo....
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...The two different scared spaces that I choose to research are The Pantheon and St. Stanislaus Kostka Parish. The Pantheon is known as a temple built in Rome, Italy originally in 27 BC. This temple was first dedicated to all Gods, which is also known as Paganism and transformed into a Roman Catholic Church later in history. As for St. Stanislaus, this is a Roman Catholic Church that is located in Coatesville, Pennsylvania and was founded in 1907. The Pantheon and St. Stanislaus are both currently considered under Roman Catholicism yet, have different history behind their religion as the Pantheon originated as a Pagan religion and St. Stanislaus has always been Catholic. These scared spaces share the similarity in Catholicism however; their unique architect and history are very different. St. Stanislaus is a beautiful stone building with a large triangular peak where the cross sits on top. The front of the space has four columns that stick out of the building. The entrance is very simple with a small porch that leads to one main entrance way. There are three small rounded windows that are not translucent and look very dark and gray to the eye. Aside from the architect of the building, there are saint statues in the front of St. Stanislaus; the saint that this church is named after. From the outside of this building the structure is old and aged looking yet, the inside is where the beauty lies. Statues line the inside of this church from facial marble structures on the walls...
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...During the Renaissance, art throughout Europe was going through a metamorphosis. Changing with the people as the world grew inventively and intellectually. We can see this change illustrated by the new contraptions and techniques used and passed on by artists of the time period. Leonardo Di Vinci was a great source for intellectualism. Fascinated by the human anatomy, his books were filled to the brink with detailed notes and drawings. He experimented broadly and now several of his works have become famous throughout the world and he is respected for his innovative thinking. In his painting of the Last Supper, Leonardo paints the usual scene of Jesus sitting at the table in the act of telling his disciples that one of them will betray him. Unlike the usual layout however, Leonardo does not separate Judas from the rest by having him sit on the other side of the table to draw the attention of the observer, but in the midst of the others. Leonardo also creates a rhythm to the painting, grouping each three disciples in a cluster with arms stretched out usually towards Jesus. Having taken many years to create this masterpiece, the most innovative portion of this work was not the subject matter to my personal opinion, but that Leonardo experimented with a new way of painting. In this mixture of Tempera and oil, Leonardo attempted to discover a new media of painting. While this trial was not a success and the picture chipped with time, it is with mistakes like these which spawn success...
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...The coast of the Gulf of Mexico was inhabited between 250 and 500 C.E. Here, many different sculptures were created to represent different aspects of the people of that time. The Winged Bat Figure (fig. 1) is an example of this from a region of Mexico that is now known as Veracruz. The Winged Bat Figure shows how the people of Veracruz were a very mythologically-oriented society who created objects for situations that pertained to death and had funerary purposes. This terracotta sculpture depicts a seated bat with its wings extended. It has oblong ears on its round face. The bat’s left ear is chipped while the right is very well intact. Its wide-set eyes are two dark, small circles. Beneath its left eye is a black diamond shaped marking. The center of its face is marked by a vertical indentation. The lips of this creature are large; so large that they protrude off its face. Its two front dull fangs are askew. The abdomen of the bat is shaped like the top half of a wine bottle and its neck is disproportional to the rest of its body; it is a fraction longer than it should be. Its tongue sticks out and ends at the part of its chest where the two decorative bands meet. Together, the bands form a shape that looks very similar to the bat’s tongue. Below these bands is a horizontal strap that separates this double band formation from the single band that covers the bat’s genital area. The bulbous decorative features on the top right and bottom left of each wing resemble...
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...Colby Hurst Art History It can be argued that the Minoans were Europe’s first great civilization. Their culture was very different and complex. There were a number of rituals that was performed. Some say that the Minoans conducted sacrifices of bulls whose horns were made of gold. Whether this is true or false there was one fascinating activity that the Minoans conducted that involved bulls. Bull jumping. Minoan Crete is arguable the first culture in the Agean to provide iconographic evidence of a sporting activity held in the Bronze Age. Representation of the bull as a symbol is in art and decoration in the palace of Knossos. In the Mediterranean civilizations where the bull was the subject of veneration and worship. Some have argued that there was a bull cult, others religion. Bull jumping is thought to have been a key ritual in the religion of the Minoan civilization in Bronze Age Crete. It was a pacific activity. The horns of the bull were used to jump over the bull and turn around. This sport required good athletics and a lot of courage. In today’s society violence often mean individual success and is accepted maybe even encouraged. Killing the bull would mean winning the fight. The ancient ritual of bull jumping and doesn’t share this concept of violence. There was no opponent to the fight and no weapons; still whoever jumped the bull was considered a hero. The individuals who attempted the jump was considered heroes and those who completed the jump a divine...
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...Art History 1 June 3, 2013 Art and the Consciousness of Early Man The paintings carried out on rock surfaces, which constitute parietal art, caused the curiosity of lots of scientists. These paintings are present in many places of the world; the oldest can have more than 40,000 years. The dating of the prehistoric traces was difficult, as well the interpretation and reasons of the paintings, from anthropomorphic figures to abstract forms of signs. These paintings on the caves represent a universal artistic expression because it was found at various periods on our five continents. They used many techniques to express art, but one of them was painting with the brush. The brush could be manufactured with the hair of animals and even of vegetable materials. Paintings were monochromatic or polychromatic (Cave of Lascaux). Another technique was painting with the finger, which were made with the finger coated painting (Cave of Covalanas). At that time, when the first arts were created, they already made use of some technique to trace contours (punctuated horses of the Cave of Pech Merle), to fill a surface (Cave of Lascaux), or to make prints of negative hands (Caves of Gargas) by puffing up on paintings. Beyond the techniques of analysis and study, parietal art poses to the researcher the insoluble enigma of understanding. Prints of hands with mutilated fingers (or deformed by the disease?) found in” Cueva de Las Manos” in Argentina, is an example of problematic interpretation...
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...83-98 83 Abstracts/Résumés pp. xv-xxi We Practice What We Preach: A Local History of a Community-Based, Student/Faculty Art Exhibition (2002-09) Elizabeth Auger Ashworth Nipissing University Daniel H. Jarvis Nipissing University Purpose of the Exhibitions Student-organized exhibitions hold the potential to greatly enhance the visual arts school curriculum. Burton (2004, 2001), for example, contends that there are a number of multi-faceted benefits for art students, art teachers, and for the art education program in general through the implementation of student-organized exhibitions. In Exhibiting Student Art (2004), he concludes: The key to successful student art exhibitions rests in the knowledge and skills students learn from doing it firsthand. . . . They need to immerse themselves in various aspects of art exhibition, from preparing and presenting art to other people to exploring alternatives of scale, venue, theme, and purpose. . . . When exhibitions of student art are presented well, parents, teachers, and administrators recognize and appreciate the value and meaning of art in the school curriculum. Exhibitions of student art convey a continuous message that the quality of ideas, the depth of issues, and the magnitude of expression are © 2009 CRAE - RCÉA & AUTHORS/AUTEURS 84 Elizabeth Auger Ashworth & Daniel H. Jarvis displayed along with and through art. (p. 46) Student art exhibition events can address socio-economic issues (Russell-Bowie, 2005), function...
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