...Yoga History and Traditions T he single most important aspect of YOGA is that our physical asana practise is just one part of YOGA SCIENCE. The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali make this perfectly clear when defining yoga as Science of the Mind. This mental science is founded on Raja Yoga. The Sutras provide a firm foundation for all of the many types of yoga postures and meditation which have been developed over the centuries. They all have one thing in common, the search for and development of a particular state of being we call consciousness. The asanas, or postures together with pranayama, which is the meditative technique of breath awareness, help us to prepare the body for the more difficult work in opening up the subliminal or unconsciousness mind. The subject of yoga history is enormous, difficult to define and open to a number of interpretations. However, we can make it easier by noting that the main elements of philosophy in India are The Vedas, Brahmanism, Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism and Sikhism. Yoga history has...
Words: 1146 - Pages: 5
...of him, but Tirumalai Krishnamacharya influenced or perhaps even invented your yoga. By Fernando Pagés Ruiz Whether you practice the dynamic series of Pattabhi Jois, the refined alignments of B.K.S. Iyengar, the classical postures of Indra Devi, or the customized vinyasa of Viniyoga, your practice stems from one source: a five-foot, two-inch Brahmin born more than one hundred years ago in a small South Indian village. He never crossed an ocean, but Krishnamacharya's yoga has spread through Europe, Asia, and the Americas. Today it's difficult to find an asana tradition he hasn't influenced. Even if you learned from a yogi now outside the traditions associated with Krishnamacharya, there's a good chance your teacher trained in the Iyengar, Ashtanga, or Viniyoga lineages before developing another style. Rodney Yee, for instance, who appears in many popular videos, studied with Iyengar. Richard Hittleman, a wellknown TV yogi of the 1970s, trained with Devi. Other teachers have borrowed from several Krishnamacharya-based styles, creating unique approaches such as Ganga White's White Lotus Yoga and Manny Finger's ISHTA Yoga. Most teachers, even from styles not directly linked to Krishnamacharya—Sivananda Yoga and Bikram Yoga, for example—have been influenced by some aspect of Krishnamacharya's teachings. Many of his contributions have been so thoroughly integrated into the fabric of yoga that their source has been forgotten. It's been said that he's responsible for...
Words: 2860 - Pages: 12
...In America, yoga is commonly used to achieve improved physical health or fitness; however, in Hinduism, yoga “involves focusing consciousness” in a way to achieve union of body and mind, and come to the realization of the ultimate union between the individual consciousness and the universal consciousness, which is Braham. A yoga path is a purposeful search of oneness with all that is. The lecture, The Five Yogas of Hinduism, declares the five traditional types of yoga are: Hatha Yoga, Bhakti Yoga, Jnana Yoga, Karma Yoga, and Raja Yoga. According to The Five Yogas of Hinduism, Hatha Yoga involves “physical exercises that prepare a person for sitting, meditation, concentration.” An emotional disposition is suited to Bhakti Yoga, which focuses...
Words: 744 - Pages: 3
...ASSIGMENT TITLE In this assignment, you will select two (2) religions from those studied thus far in the course (i.e., Hinduism, Jainism, Buddhism, Daoism, and Confucianism). Next, compare and contrast them . Hinduism is unique among the world religions in that it has no founder or date of origin. While most major religions derive from new ideas taught by a charismatic leader, Hinduism is simply the religion of the people of India, which has gradually developed over four thousand years. The origins and authors of its sacred texts are largely unknown. Although today's Hinduism differs significantly from earlier forms of Indian religion, Hinduism's roots date back as far as 2000 BC, making it one of the oldest surviving religions. Also the linguistic similarities between Sanskrit, Greek and Latin are the result of Aryan migrations in the opposite direction, out of India and into Europe. Aryan tribes from within India spread throughout Europe bringing their culture, language and religion. Passages from the Mahabharata and other Hindu texts are quoted in support of this theory. Whether the Aryans came from outside the subcontinent or whether Aryan culture developed within India, matters little for our purposes here. However, there are some beliefs common to nearly all forms of Hinduism that can be identified, and these basic beliefs are generally regarded as boundaries outside of which lies either heresy or non-Hindu religion. These fundamental Hindu beliefs include: the authority...
Words: 1016 - Pages: 5
...Religion has a major impact on every living human being on this planet. Whether agnostic or atheistic, every individual has a general set of beliefs about life, purpose, etc. Most religions have been accountable for positive influences throughout history and are responsible for shaping the modern world as it is today. For example, religion is known to have supported the construction of the most magnificent architecture in the world, from the Great Pyramids of Egypt to the Taj Mahal in India. Times past has also projected religion negatively, from the medieval crusades to the eradication of entire civilizations in the name of religion. Presently, religion helps unite different people from numerous cultures under one banner and aids the poor, homeless, sick, etc. However, like the past, religion continues to oppress other religions through war by genocide and has been the highlight of many scandals. If I were to create my religion, it would be categorized as faith rather than a religion and would be completely reliant on the Law of Aloha (Law of Love also known as LOA). The LOA is a special mandate that incorporates a number of beliefs and practices from various religions that in essence better all human kind and nature. The Law of Aloha can influence individuals and societies in very important mental, physical, economic, political, and social ways. First and foremost, the LOA can better humanity by helping individuals mentally. Initially, the concept of inner peace will...
Words: 1184 - Pages: 5
...WORLD RELIGIONS – REL 212 World Religions | WEEK 1INDIGENOUS | The term indigenous is a generalized reference to the thousands of small scale societies who have distinct languages, kinship systems, mythologies, ancestral memories and homelands. These societies comprise more than 200 million people throughout the planet today. | Origin of All Things | Most indigenous peoples have creation stories where they believe the Creator or Great Father in the Sky made the earth, the animals and all humans. | Nature of God/Creator | Many believe that they have lost touch or even forgotten about a Creator that their ancestors knew, but disobeyed. They believe the dark gods of the spirit world are the ones to be afraid of or to placate. Thus they believe that the Creator God, if there is one, is distant, removed and angry with them. | View of Human Nature | Humans are often seen as lost or wandering from a true path that was lost to the ancestors long ago. Humans are seen as capable of good or bad and under the influence of curses, vows, incantations, or evil spirits. In this sense, they may be animistic. Many have a special shaman or witch doctor who is supposed to help them connect to the spirit world. | View of Good & Evil | Good and evil are seen as forces that compete for dominance in a person and in the world. Sometimes there is an ethnocentric idea that ‘our’ group is the good one and all outsiders are ‘bad’. This idea can lead to wars and conflicts. | View of...
Words: 4041 - Pages: 17
...The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali Introduction, Commentaries, and Translation What are the Yoga Sutras and who is Patanjali? Over fifty different English translations of the Yoga Sutras are extant, standing as a human testament to how Universal Truth is celebrated in terms of a rich diversity. Rather than the common and external type of knowledge (emanating from book knowledge), the following translation and commentary are a result of an intimate familiarity and direct experience both with an authentic yogic tradition and with western culture, psychology, and language that has been refined, tested in fire, and integrated for over thirty five years of intense practice (sadhana). This work is dedicated toward revealing the universal message of authentic yoga that the sage, Patanjali, first wrote down approximately 2000 years ago. Patanjali is not the inventor of yoga, but rather yoga's most popularly known scribe. What has become known simply as the "Yoga Sutras" (sutra means thread) or almost equally as common, as the "Yoga Darshana" (the vision of Yoga), is actually a compendium of an ancient pre-existing oral yoga tradition consisting of both practical advice and theoretical context. The most accepted format of the Yoga Sutras consists of four chapters (called padas) written in the Sanskrit language approximately 2000 years ago in Northern India while utilizing the terminology of the time, i.e., Samkhya philosophical trappings. The dates ascribed to the Yoga Sutras...
Words: 147649 - Pages: 591
...Professional Presence and Influence Assessment Honore Colligan Western Governor's University Professional Presence and Influence Assessment Of all the countries on the planet, nowhere is the vast array of world cultures more diverse than in the United States. For most people, their ancestors came to this country in search of opportunity and a better life for their families. Fueled by motivators such as famine and dictatorship, emigrating to America meant saying goodbye to the only life they had ever known. Adjusting to a new setting and the changes that come with it is hard, especially when the new setting is a melting pot of unfamiliar customs. However, a change in location, regardless of the distance traveled, generally does not transform someone into a new person. Each of us is born and raised within a culture most likely reflecting the beliefs of our parents and other family members. As our first teachers, our parents are responsible for influencing the way in which we see the world and our place within it (Curtis, Gaylord, & Norton, 2004). As the only way of life ever known, these cultural beliefs often determine the way we view factors such as religion, nutrition, and even healthcare (Curtis et al., 2004). As healthcare professionals, nurses today are faced with the responsibility of providing not only the safest and highest quality care possible, but also ensuring the care provided is culturally acceptable and in sync with an individual's health beliefs (Curtis et...
Words: 5837 - Pages: 24
...R AJA Y OGA rajyaeg S WAMI V IVEKANANDA CELEPHAÏS PRESS Issued by Celephaïs Press, somewhere beyond the Tanarian Hills (i.e. Leeds, England), August 2003 E.V. Revised and corrected, November 2003. This work is in the public domain. EACH SOUL IS POTENTIALLY DIVINE. THE GOAL IS TO MANIFEST THIS DIVINE WITHIN, BY CONTROLLING NATURE, EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL. DO THIS EITHER BY WORK, OR WORSHIP, OR PSYCHIC CONTROL, OR PHILOSOPHY, BY ONE, OR MORE, OR ALL OF THESE—AND BE FREE. IS THE WHOLE OF RELIGION. DOCTRINES, OR DOGMAS, OR RITUALS, OR BOOKS, OR TEMPLES, OR FORMS, ARE BUT SECONDARY DETAILS. THIS PREFACE SINCE the dawn of history, various extraordinary phenomena have been recorded as happening amongst human beings. Witnesses are not wanting in modern times to attest the fact of such events, even in societies living under the full blaze of modern science. The vast mass of such evidence is unreliable, as coming from ignorant, superstitious, or fraudulent persons. In many instances the so-called miracles are imitations. But what do they imitate? It is not the sign of a candid and scientific mind to throw overboard anything without proper investigation. Surface scientists, unable to explain the various extraordinary mental phenomena, strive to ignore their very existence. They are, therefore, more culpable than those who think that their prayers are answered by a being, or beings, above the clouds, or than those who believe that their petitions will make such beings...
Words: 64342 - Pages: 258
...* Question 1 | | | A _______ approach to the study of religion focuses on myths and doctrines.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | theoretical | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 2 5 out of 5 points | | | Interpretations which are hostile to the place/role of women are ________.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | misogynist | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 3 5 out of 5 points | | | _______ is referred to by such terms as God, Nirvana, Brahman, and so forth.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | Unconditioned Reality | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 4 5 out of 5 points | | | Interpretations which overly emphasize the role of men in religion are ________.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | androcentric | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 5 5 out of 5 points | | | A __________ approach to the study of religion focuses on acts of worship.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | practical | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 6 5 out of 5 points | | | ______ are sometimes viewed as attempting to invoke a sacred past by the performance of various specific acts.Answer | | | | | Selected Answer: | Rituals | Response Feedback: | Good work | | | | | * Question 7 5 out of 5 points | | | _______ is not easily defined and is understood...
Words: 6389 - Pages: 26
...N E T A J I’ S LIFE and WRITINGS PART ONE AN INDIAN PILGRIM OR AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SUBHAS CHANDRA BOSE WWW.HINDUSTANBOOKS. COM WWW.HINDUSTANBOOKS.COM PREFACE The NetaJi Publishing Society has great pleasure in presenting to the public the unfinished utobiography of`Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. Netaji wanted to give his autobiography, when completed, the title "An Indian Pilgrim". That is how his autobiography derives the name. "An Indian Pilgrim" takes the reader from Netaji’s parentage, birth and early childhood to his Cambridge days—and what days !—when a youngman of 24 had to make up his mind either to take a path, strewn with roses, which promised nothing but ease, luxury and official honour, or a path, strewn with thorns, inviting one to selfless suffering and sacrifice and promising nothing more than blood, sweat and tears. The result of the struggle is known to the world. But only handful have had the privilege to know the different phases of that struggle. Perhaps it was not in 1921 but a decade earlier that the battle within had been won and lost. Perhaps even earlier! That is a poser which we leave to the readers. But one thing is certain that the Rashtrapati and the Rebel President, the Desh Gaurab and the Netaji, the creator of the First Government of the Free India and the beloved leader of the Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, Christians and Parsees, had been moulded between 1897 and 1921. This is the period covered by "An Indian Pilgrim"...
Words: 45752 - Pages: 184
...Essays on the Gita appeared in the monthly review Arya between August 1916 and July 1918. It was revised by Sri Aurobindo and published as a book in 1922. The second series appeared in the Arya between August 1918 and July 1920. In 1928 Sri Aurobindo brought out an extensively revised edition in book form. For the present edition, the text has been thoroughly checked against all previous editions and against the manuscripts of the revised Arya. CONTENTS FIRST SERIES I Our Demand and Need from the Gita II 3 12 20 29 39 47 57 68 81 94 105 114 124 The Divine Teacher III The Human Disciple IV The Core of the Teaching V Kurukshetra VI Man and the Battle of Life VII The Creed of the Aryan Fighter VIII Sankhya and Yoga IX Sankhya, Yoga and Vedanta X The Yoga of the Intelligent Will XI Works and Sacrifice XII The Significance of Sacrifice XIII The Lord of the Sacrifice CONTENTS XIV The Principle of Divine Works XV 134 145 158 168 177 188 200 212 224 234 247 The Possibility and Purpose of Avatarhood XVI The Process of Avatarhood XVII The Divine Birth and Divine Works XVIII The Divine Worker XIX Equality XX Equality and Knowledge XXI The Determinism of Nature XXII Beyond the Modes of Nature XXIII Nirvana and Works in the World XXIV The Gist of the Karmayoga SECOND SERIES Part I — The Synthesis of Works, Love and Knowledge I The Two Natures II 263 278 The Synthesis of Devotion and Knowledge CONTENTS III The Supreme Divine IV 289 301 311 322 337 355 366...
Words: 230457 - Pages: 922
...between August 1916 and July 1918. It was revised by Sri Aurobindo and published as a book in 1922. The second series appeared in the Arya between August 1918 and July 1920. In 1928 Sri Aurobindo brought out an extensively revised edition in book form. For the present edition, the text has been thoroughly checked against all previous editions and against the manuscripts of the revised Arya. CONTENTS FIRST SERIES I Our Demand and Need from the Gita 3 II The Divine Teacher 12 III The Human Disciple 20 IV The Core of the Teaching 29 V Kurukshetra 39 VI Man and the Battle of Life 47 VII The Creed of the Aryan Fighter 57 VIII Sankhya and Yoga 68 IX Sankhya, Yoga and Vedanta 81 X The Yoga of the Intelligent Will 94 XI Works and Sacrifice 105 XII The Significance of Sacrifice 114 XIII The Lord of the Sacrifice 124 CONTENTS XIV The Principle of Divine Works 134 XV The Possibility and Purpose of Avatarhood 145 XVI The Process of Avatarhood 158 XVII The Divine Birth and Divine Works 168 XVIII The Divine Worker 177 XIX Equality 188 XX Equality and Knowledge 200 XXI The Determinism of Nature 212 XXII Beyond the Modes of Nature 224 XXIII Nirvana and Works in the World 234 XXIV The Gist of the Karmayoga 247 SECOND SERIES Part I — The Synthesis of Works, Love and Knowledge ...
Words: 230469 - Pages: 922
...[pic] MFC 5032: RESEARCHING THE MEDIA LANDSCAPE PRIMARY RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC ESSAY May, 2013 1101303 Shaunie Gwen Perry Level 5, Media shaunieperry@aol.com Research Project Proposal : How has media influenced fitness in today’s culture? Contents. Academic Essay p3 - 9 Bibliography p10-11 Appendices Secondary Sources Primary Sources: Experiment Experiment Information Sheets Participant Details Form Experiment Overview Experiment Results Experiment Results, Excel formatted. Experiment Results Correlated Graphs. Group A Fitness App Usage Academic Essay Fitness in today’s culture is affected in many different ways, one of the main in which it is influenced is through the form of media. The term fitness holds two meanings: first is the condition of the physicality of being fit and healthy and the other, the ability of being physically suited to fulfill given tasks or roles(Google Dictionary. 2013). For example fitness to a marathon runner would be determined on their stamina and the duration it takes to run a certain number of miles, whereas a body builder’s level of fitness would determine on their level of muscular strength and power. Once the term fitness has been defined, then the impact which media has on fitness must be analyzed. With an ever growing culture of viral connection dieting, where we can share our efforts with our friends and the public using the internet and other applications...
Words: 6737 - Pages: 27
...Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love ALSO BY ELIZABETH GILBERT Pilgrims Stern Men The Last American Man Eat, Pray, Love Eat, Pray, Love VIKING Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, U.S.A. Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Penguin Canada Inc.) Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England Penguin Ireland, 25 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India Penguin Group (NZ), Cnr Airborne and Rosedale Roads, Albany, Auckland 1310, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First published in 2006 by Viking Penguin, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Copyright © Elizabeth Gilbert, 2006 All rights reserved LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Gilbert, Elizabeth, date. Eat, pray, love: one woman’s search for everything across Italy, India and Indonesia / Elizabeth Gilbert p. cm. ISBN 0-670-03471-1 1. Gilbert, Elizabeth, date—Travel...
Words: 136177 - Pages: 545
