...taken by another company for their programming project which resulted in Oak being renamed to Java. The Java group aspired to develop a language that would share similar characteristics with C languages but fewer bugs, more versatility, hardware independence, and reduced development times. Java’s “write once, run anywhere” (WORA) feature means once an application is integrated with Java, it will run on any platform and device. The WORA capability is the most popular and well known feature Java has to offer. Java was created with unique security features, for example, unsecure code can be downloaded and run securely without the potential to harm your device as the host system cannot become infected with malicious programs; this is possible because a Java program is not directly installed onto your device, but is executed by the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) instead essentially acting as a filter. Java supports graphic user interfaces (GUI) via the Abstract Windowing Toolkit (AWT). AWT is the original GUI toolkit made for Java and introduced along with JDK. AWT provides support for graphics programming and working with IDE’s (Integrated Development Environment). IDE’s support the development of UI’s using drag and drop features to pull components from a toolbar and developing codes for the programmer. These features make creating GUI applications easier for the programmer utilizing the Java platform. Between Java’s WORA capabilities, versatility, less debugging, Java’s superior security...
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...Visual Basic has been labeled to be the most successful programming language in the history of programming. In 1991, Microsoft built Visual Basic on the older BASIC language – Beginner’s All purpose Symbolic Instruction Code (Mabutt). In the late 1980s, Alan Cooper, owner of Tripod, developed drag-and-drop interface, Ruby, which was also an influence to the idea of Visual Basic (History of Visual Basics). Just like any spoken language, rules must be followed in order to create effective communication between two people. For programming languages, it is necessary to follow all naming rules in order to build the program. Visual Basic’s variable name rules are as follows: Up to 255 characters, names must begin with a letter, no embedded spaces or special characters are to be used besides the underscore “__”, there cannot be a reserved word, uppercase and lowercase should be used with a purpose, and names cannot be repeated with the same level of scope (Visual Basic Naming Rules). If a developer does not follow these rules when using Visual Basic, there will be errors that may occur even before the program can be tested. Python Python is another common programming language, and was influenced by the design of ABC (Lukaszewski). In the 1996, Guido van Rossum created his very own version of ABCs, which we all know now as Python (Lukaszewski). Python is a basic syntax used for statement grouping, a list, strings, and numbers (Lukaszewski). Because it is another programming language...
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...and lastly to the Internet, one thing has been a constant, different languages evolved based on a need. For these two languages, the Internet was a perfect fit, and without them the Internet would be a less dynamic and vibrant highway. As the Internet grew, more and more people found it a more viable place to do business. With that came a need for languages that were fairly easy to learn, dynamic, secure, portable, and maintainable. The industry answered that call with languages such as Java and JavaScript. This paper will perform an analysis of both Java and JavaScript. In order for the reader to gain a better understanding of these languages, the history of these languages with overviews will be presented along with a discussion of the benefits and drawbacks. The History of Java In the middle of May 1995 Java was introduced into the world, and along with Netscape it would be the new way for Internet users to access this new information superhighway. But before it got to this point, Java technology was developed almost by accident. Back in 1991, Sun Microsystems was looking into the future in anticipation of the future of computing, and they tasked a team that became know as the “Green Project”. Their main focus was to come up with a plan for the future of computing, but what they came out with was something quite unexpected. Under the guidance of James Gosling, a team was locked away in an external site to work on the project that would define Sun’s technology direction...
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...Minecraft for its version labeled 1.8.9 written in Java, with efficient and organized code.” This goal involved me needing to research how to make Java code even neater, and how to make certain functions the code has even more efficient. I would also need to know differences between writing code for Minecraft’s 1.8.9 version, considering my prior knowledge consisted of writing code for Minecraft’s 1.7.10 version. I’ve familiarized myself with the Java coding language over the course of a year, and have decided to use this knowledge to create a product that anyone can use to enrich their experience while playing Minecraft. However, I’m not an expert in Java, therefore I do have a lot to learn about the language. In the past years, I’ve relied on modifications for Minecraft developed by other people to make my game experience even more entertaining for myself. I can see that there is a large portion of the community of people who play Minecraft, who play the game with modifications. In my opinion, in order to avoid losing interest in a game I use to entertain myself, I continue to add on to it by downloading a new modification and...
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...Collection Online James Cronin, Daniel C. Doolan and Xiaoye Dai Introduction The chapel of St. Finbarr, known as the Honan Chapel, on the grounds of University College Cork is celebrating its 90th anniversary in 2006. It was consecrated in November 1916. The chapel is central to the history of the Irish Arts & Crafts movement (1894-1925). Its furnishings and liturgical collection feature the work of many of the movement’s major artists and designers. The chapel features the earliest commission for Harry Clarke’s stained glass. This project, Honan Collection Online, aims to build upon recent scholarship by promoting awareness of the chapel and its liturgical collection. It will also illustrate how the artistic renewal of the chapel and its collection during the mid-1980s arose from the spirit of the Irish Arts & Crafts movement. The Honan Collection Online project received funding from the Quality Promotion Unit, University College Cork to develop the website. The site will feature essays linked to a comprehensive image gallery and a virtual tour of the chapel. The site will also include a discussion forum. The core project team members include: Rev. Fr. Joseph Coughlan, project director; James Cronin, History of Art, project co-ordinator; Daniel C. Doolan and Xiaoye Dai, both multimedia doctoral candidates in University College Cork, and Miguel Suarez, document scanning. Principles governing website design Websites should be designed so they may be viewed across the most widely used...
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...Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ Pascal: created in 1970, developed by Niklaus Writh, created to be a structured programing languages (has similarities with C). Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ C: created in 1973, developed at AT&T bell labs programmer Dennis Ritchie. It was intended for the Unix operating system but quickly spread due to its portability and speed. Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ AWK (named after creators initials): created in 1974, developed by Aho Kerninghan Weinberger, Word processing language based on regular expressions, using a pattern-action principle. Retrieved from http://www.scriptol.com/programming/history.php Applesoft Basic: created in 1977, developed by Microsoft for the Apple ll computer. It was an extension of the Basic language. Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ 1980’s BASICA: created in 1981, developed by Microsoft for MS-DOS. Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ Turbo Pascal: created in 1983, developed by Anders Hejisberg, it was an extension of pascal and it came bund led with a full IDE (it was a great improvement in speed). Retrieved from http://internationalprogrammersday.org/the-history-of-programming-languages/ ADA: created in 1983, Ada is...
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...MICHAEL OKPARA UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE, UMUDIKE P.M.B 7267, UMUAHIA, ABIA STATE. A TECHNICAL REPORT ON A SIX MONTHS STUDENT INDUSTRIAL WORK EXPERIENCE CARRIED OUT AT ASHPOT MICROSYSTEMS LIMITED, 142 MARKET ROAD ABA. BY ELEANYA IFEANYICHI FAVOUR MOUAU/BSC/10/11/2222 SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT FOR THE AWARD OF BACHELOR OF SCIENCE (BSc) DEGREE IN COMPUTER SCIENCE. DECEMBER 2013 DECLARATION I ELEANYA IFEANYICHI FAVOUR with the matriculation number MOUAU/BSc/10/11/2222, hereby declare that I underwent six months of industrial training at ASHPOT MICROSYSTEMS LIMITED, 142 market road Aba and that this report is written by me to the best of practical knowledge acquired during the course of the training program. DEDICATION This report is dedicated to God almighty for his grace upon my life and for seeing me through in the course of my industrial training, and to my wonderful family for their tireless support, love, and advice up to this point of academic pursuit. CERTIFICATION We the undersigned hereby certified that ELEANYA IFEANYICHI FAVOUR with the registration number MOUAU/BSC/10/2222, has duly completed her six months Industrial Training at Ashpot Microsystem Limited Aba, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Bachelor of Science (B.Sc...
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...tutorial explains the installation and usage of the Java programming language. It also contains examples for standard programming tasks. 1. Introduction to Java 1.1. History Java is a programming language created by James Gosling from Sun Microsystems in 1991. The first publicly available version of Java (Java 1.0) was released in 1995. Over time new enhanced versions of Java have been released. The current version of Java is Java 1.7 which is also known as Java 7. From the Java programming language the Java platform evolved. The Java platform allows that the program code is written in other languages than the Java programming language and still runs on the Java virtual machine. 1.2. Java Virtual machine The Java virtual machine (JVM) is a software implementation of a computer that executes programs like a real machine. The Java virtual machine is written specifically for a specific operating system, e.g. for Linux a special implementation is required as well as for Windows. Java programs are compiled by the Java compiler into so-called bytecode. The Java virtual machine interprets this bytecode and executes the Java program. 1.3. Java Runtime Environment vs. Java Development Kit Java comes in two flavors, the Java Runtime Environment (JRE) and the Java Development Kit (JDK). The Java runtime environment (JRE) consists of the JVM and the Java class libraries and contains the necessary functionality to start Java programs. The JDK contains in addition the...
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...between the Java and .NET platforms. The astute student of software development must do their research and choose which platform they would like to be the most proficient in. There are different advantages to each platform which must be considered. One advantage to the .NET platform is that there are many languages, and by extension many class libraries, that are used in conjunction with each other. .NET also allows developers to produce usable results in a much shorter time frame. Advantages to becoming a Java developer include, generally, a much more intimate knowledge of the code produced and how it works. Another advantage is that with the use of the Java Virtual Machine, code can be written once and run on almost any system without having to recode it. Students must take these differences into account when deciding which platform to choose. Introduction Object-oriented programming helps to make computer programs much more manageable through the use of reusable objects, inheritance and polymorphism. It was first developed by Dr. Alan Kay and a group of programmers at Xerox in the 1970’s. They developed a language called Smalltalk which was the first to really flesh out object-oriented ideas.(Murphy, 2008) The first wide commercial use of object orientation began with the invention of the C++ language in the early 1980’s; when Bjarn Stroustrup integrated object oriented concepts into the already established C language.(Dolya, 2003) Since then, the Java platform...
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...A Comparison between Java and .Net Languages Introduction Java and .Net provide technologies that enable skilled developers to build quality enterprise applications. These technologies are rarely picked based on performance alone. There are many factors to consider when choosing Java or .Net. These considerations are often the deciding factor when choosing one or both of these platforms. Java Java is kenned as both a programming language and a development platform. It was first developed by Sun Microsystems in 1991 and subsequently relinquished in 1995. To help to make the language more accepted and accessible, Sun Microsystems developed it as an object oriented language with a syntax that is very similar to C++. (Java vs. .NET, 2007) Sun Microsystems decided to create this new platform out of a desire to be able to write programs only once that could be run on any system. (James) The Java 2 platform was launched in December 1998. This was a major amelioration of the platform, and included incipient graphics, user interface, and enterprise capabilities. This upgrade was over seven times as large as the initial Java 1.0 release and marked the maturity of the Java platform. (What is java?) Within the Java 2 platform there are 3 editions: • The Java 2 Standard Edition (J2SE) Provides the essential compiler, tools, runtimes, and APIs for writing, deploying, and running applets and applications. • The Java 2 Enterprise Edition (J2EE) Defines a standard for developing multi-tier...
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...an object-relational mapping framework for the Java language, providing aframework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a traditional relational database. Hibernate solves object-relational impedance mismatch problems by replacing direct persistence-related database accesses with high-level object handling functions. Hibernate is free software that is distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License 2.1. Hibernate's primary feature is mapping from Java classes to database tables (and from Java data types to SQL data types). Hibernate also provides data query and retrieval facilities. It generates SQL calls and relieves the developer from manual result set handling and object conversion. Applications using Hibernate are portable to supported SQL databases with little performance overhead[citation needed]. Contents [hide] * 1 Mapping * 2 Hibernate Query Language (HQL) * 3 Persistence * 4 Integration * 5 Entities and components * 6 History * 7 Application programming interface * 7.1 org.hibernate.SessionFactory interface * 7.2 org.hibernate.Session interface * 8 Software components * 9 See also * 10 References * 11 Bibliography * 12 External links * 12.1 Further reading ------------------------------------------------- Mapping[edit] Mapping Java classes to database tables is accomplished through the configuration of an XML file or by using Java Annotations. When using an XML file, Hibernate...
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...A Quick Start Guide to DrJava A Quick Start Guide to DrJava Table of Contents 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 2. Getting Ready to Use DrJava ............................................................................................ 2 Downloading the JDK ................................................................................................. 2 Downloading DrJava ................................................................................................... 3 3. Using DrJava, the Basics ................................................................................................. 5 Running DrJava ......................................................................................................... 5 Opening and Creating Files .......................................................................................... 5 Saving Files .............................................................................................................. 6 Compiling Files .......................................................................................................... 6 The Interactions Pane .................................................................................................. 8 System.in .................................................................................................................. 9 Find and Replace ..........................
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...Indonesia Indonesia is the fourth largest producer of coffee in the world. Coffee in Indonesia began with its colonial history, and has played an important part in the growth of the country. Indonesia is located within an ideal geography for coffee plantations. The longitude and latitude of the country means that the island origins are all well suited micro-climates for the growth and production of coffee, resulting in widespread environmental degradation and the destruction of tropical rainforests that have the highest concentration of endemic species in the world. Indonesia produced 420,000 metric tons of coffee in 2007. Of this total, 271,000 tons were exported and 148,000 tons were consumed domestically. Of the exports, 25% are Coffea arabica and the balance is Coffea canephora.[1] In general, Indonesia’s Arabica coffees have low acidity and strong body, which makes them ideal for blending with higher acidity coffees from Central America and East Africa. Contents [hide] 1 History 1.1 Origins 2 Cultivation 3 Sumatra, Mandheling, Lintong and Gayo 4 Sulawesi, Toraja, Kalosi, Mamasa and Gowa 5 Java 6 Bali 7 Sumbawa 8 Flores 9 Papua 10 Harvesting and processing 11 Coffee research 12 Coffee associations 13 Current status of the industry 14 Coffea canephora 15 See also 16 References 17 Further reading 18 External links History[edit] Coffee plantation in Dutch East...
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...oriented databases, Matisse combines native support for SQL, Object and XML all in a single database. Next we get the GemStone Systems, the earliest OODB that supports object identity, inheritance and encapsulation. On into the late 1980’s France starts the development of O2. It is C++ compatible and supports multiple inheritances. Later on Vbase was produced, which use the language COP. COP is changed into a C++ based system that supports encapsulation, ability to construct complex objects, and inheritance. (“Short History”, 2005) Once we get into the 1990’s the first standard is released, ODMG 1.0. During this time frame a common query language is the main goal. Object query language is very influence by this period, these efforts lead to SQL: 1999. Once 2000 hits we get the final ODMG 3.0 standard. “ODMG submits the ODMG Java Binding to the Java Community Process as a basis for the Java Data Objects (JDO) Specification. Afterwards, the ODMG disbands.” (“History”, 2005) DB4O is released in 2004 as a free, open source...
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...7/23/13 Java - Overview JAVA - OVERVIEW Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems, which was initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as core component of Sun Microsystems.s Java platform (Java 1.0 [J2SE]). As of December 08 the latest release of the Java Standard Edition is 6 (J2SE). With the advancement of Java and its wide spread popularity, multiple configurations were built to suite various types of platforms. Ex: J2EE for Enterprise Applications, J2ME for Mobile Applications. Sun Microsystems has renamed the new J2 versions as Java SE, Java EE and Java ME respectively. Java is guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere Java is: Object Oriented : In java everything is an Object. Java can be easily extended since it is based on the Object model. Platform independent: Unlike many other programming languages including C and C++ when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine, rather into platform independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web and interpreted by virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run. Simple :Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the basic concept of OOP java would be easy to master. Secure : With Java's secure feature it enables to develop virus-free, tamper-free systems. Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption. Architectural- neutral :Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file format which makes...
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