...ASEAN and its ECONOMIC INTEGRATION 1) Objectives of this paper The objective of this paper is to dissect the concept of the ASEAN integration by looking into the history of the ASEAN, a brief analysis of the past treaties that have been passed and implemented, a scrutiny of the pillars of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) and the challenge it poses to all its member nations – including the Philippines. 2) Introduction ASEAN, A brief history Before analyzing the AEC or the treaties that ASEAN have passed, it is a need to understand the rationale and the history behind its formation. The goals and precepts the ASEAN have been outlined as such because of a myriad of significant historical events. South-East Asia was a region experiencing turmoil during the 1960s. Malaysia and Philippine relations were damaged between the years of 1962-66 owing to the conflict over Sabah. Singapore, Malaysia, and Brunei were all reeling from the departure of Great Britain as colonizers. This event led these countries posed a daunting challenge, both economically and politically, that these newly independent countries needed to overcome. Then the clash between Indonesia and Malaysia; in 1965 after just barely three (3) years after union of Indonesia and Malaysia the two (2) countries decided to sever their ties and declared themselves independent from each other. The Vietnam War was ongoing which was further heightened by the increasing popularity of communism in the South-East...
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...the contemporary Labour law trend & practices apply. The origins of labour law can be traced back to the remote past and the most varied parts of the world. While European writers often attach importance to the guilds and apprenticeship systems of the medieval world, some Asian scholars have identified labour standards as far back as the Laws of Hammurabi and rules for labour-management relations in the Laws of Manu; Latin American authors point to the Laws of the Indies promulgated by Spain in the 17th century for its New World territories. None of these can be regarded as more than anticipations, with only limited influence on subsequent developments. Labour law as it is known today is essentially the child of successive industrial from the 18th century onward. It became necessary when customary restraints and the intimacy of employment relationships in small communities ceased to provide adequate protection against the abuses incidental to new forms of mining and manufacture on a rapidly increasing scale at precisely the time when the 18th-century Enlightenment, the French Revolution, and the political forces that they set in motion were creating the elements of the modern social conscience. It developed rather slowly, chiefly in the more industrialized countries of Western Europe, during the 19th century and attained its present importance, relative maturity, and worldwide acceptance only during the 20th century. The first landmark of modern labour law was the British...
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...Table of Contents Introduction ....................................................................................................................................3 Problem Statement .........................................................................................................................5 Research Objectives .......................................................................................................................6 Research Questions ........................................................................................................................6 Research Contribution ..................................................................................................................6 Literature Review ..........................................................................................................................7 Theoretical Framework .................................................................................................................8 Hypotheses Development ...............................................................................................................8 1.Improve the understanding of output importance of labor .....................................................8 2.Strengthen labor service personnel abroad for training, improve their overall quality and international competitiveness ...........................................................................................................9 3.Establishment...
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...------------------------------------------------- Child labour From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A succession of laws on child labour, the so-calledFactory Acts, were passed in Britain in the 19th century. Children younger than nine were not allowed to work, those aged 9-16 could work 16 hours per day per Cotton Mills Act. In 1856, the law permitted child labour past age 9, for 60 hours per week, night or day. In 1901, the permissible child labour age was raised to 12.[1][2] Child labour refers to the employment of children in any work that deprives children of their childhood, interferes with their ability to attend regular school, and that is mentally, physically, socially or morally dangerous and harmful.[3] This practice is considered exploitative by manyinternational organisations. Legislations across the world prohibit child labour.[4][5] These laws do not consider all work by children as child labour; exceptions include work by child artists, supervised training, certain categories of work such as those by Amish children, and others.[6][7] Child labour was employed to varying extents through most of history. Before 1940, numerous children aged 5–14 worked in Europe, the United States and various colonies of European powers. These children worked in agriculture, home-based assembly operations, factories, mining and in services such as newsies. Some worked night shifts lasting 12 hours. With the rise of household income, availability of schools and passage of child labour laws, the incidence rates...
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...like Asia. They operate in the areas of manufacturing of components for computers, assembly, contractors, suppliers, software, technical services, and retailers. As per the OECD ICT Industry Outlook, 2008. Total employment for the global electronics industry was estimated at 15 million workers worldwide. Revenues for the top 250 electronic firms were $3.8 trillion, and the top countries exporting ICT goods were the following nations; China, European Union, United States, Korea, Japan. The recorded fasted growing export countries are; Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, Thailand, Eastern Europe (EICC, 2008) . Due to deregulation of markets and the competition in the electronics industry, transnational corporations such as Apple, and HP have set up operations in developing countries in order to profit off of these developing nations. Many TNCs take advantage of such high profit, low wage labour markets and do not abide by the international labour standards (Duke). This allows these firms to capitalise on cheap resources, cheaper manufacturing labour, acquire and transfer new knowledge. The globalisation of business operations has created issues in the area of corporate social responsibility for the electronic industry and has raised issues of ethical practices. CSR is defined by Maignan...
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...History revision America 1890-1945 Time line Key: Bold and Underlined show events, policies or people of influence to US history from 1890-1945 RED: Political GREEN: Economic BLUE: Social BLACK: International affairs 1890- The accession of the Idaho and Wyoming brings the number of states in the Union to 44. The US Census notes that there is no longer a moving frontier in the American West. The Sherman Antitrust Act passed by Congress. 1896- William McKinley’s election victory marks the beginning of a lengthy period of Republican political dominance. 1898- Victory in the Spanish-American war marks the rise of ‘American Imperialism’ and establishes control over Cuba and the Philippines 1901- Theodore Roosevelt becomes president after the assassination of McKinley. The Platt Amendment is passed by Congress 1904- Thedore Roosevelt proclaims the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine after etsablishing US influence over Panama. 1905- President Roosevelt acts as mediator in the Treaty of New Hampshire ending the Russo-Japanese War. 1912- New Mexico and Arizona achieve statehood, bringing the number of states in the Union to 48. The Republican Party splits; Theodore Roosevelt runs for president on behalf of the ‘Bull Moose’ Progressive Party, ensuring the defeat of President Taft. Woodrow Wilson wins the Presidency for the Democrats 1914- War begins in Europe. The USA proclaims neutrality. President Wilson send US forces to occupy the port of Vera Cruz in Mexico...
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...Indonesia has a long history of migrant workers to Saudi Arabia. The unfair treatment of the workers always draws global attention on the human rights of the migrant workers. However, the activists NGOs of women migrants need our attention even more than usual. As women do not enjoy equal social (or even in household) position as men in Indonesia (local scale), they are usually been ignored by the government, both Saudi Arabian (national scale) and Indonesian governments (global scale). They are seriously abused and harass in those countries and suffer from great fear of losing their opportunity of going back to their home country as their passports have been collected by the agencies under illegal reasons. It is a shame that there are many NGOs to fight for equal gender treatment but the problem seems too broad and complicated and the leakage is not easy to fix. I argue that activist NGOs in those Southeast Asian countries have work hardly on both politics of scale and social construction of scale in from local to global scales, and they have gained more global attention by decades than before as more people and governments pay more attention on the women migrants now. It is essential to set effective labour laws to protect women (or other migrant workers) from being cheated by the agencies for false income rate and departure date, to avoid more victims to appear and do not know the effective way to contact the NGOs to help. First, I will provide a brief historical background...
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...NGO Engagement with the Private Sector on a Global Agenda to End Poverty: A Review of the Issues A Background Paper for The Learning Circle on NGO Engagement with the Private Sector Canadian Council for International Cooperation Policy Team Moira Hutchinson January 2000 Acknowledgements: This paper was prepared by Moira Hutchinson as an introductory paper to issues for the CCIC’s Learning Circle on NGO Engagement with the Private Sector. CCIC is grateful to the IDRC’s Canadian Partnerships Program for funding for the Learning Circle, including the production of this paper. The author wishes to express appreciation for the editing and other assistance provided by Brian Tomlinson of the CCIC, and for suggestions from other members of the planning group for the Learning Circle: Andrea Botto, Anne Buchanan, Tim Draimin, Philippe Jean, Brian Murphy and Lynda Yanz. 2 NGO Engagement with the Private Sector on a Global Agenda to End Poverty : A Review of the Issues Table of Contents 1. Introduction 1 2. What is this discussion really about? 2 3. Canadian NGOs: issues in advocacy, dialogue and partnership 3 3.1 Advocacy 3 3.2 Direct dialogue 6 3.3 Programming social partnerships and strategic alliances 8 3.3.1 What is driving the discussion of social programming partnerships and strategic alliances? a) Corporate interests b) Intermediary organizations c) NGO interests d) Government agendas e) Overlapping NGO-corporate interests? 10 10 11 12 13 14 3.3.2 Financial relationships...
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...suggest that a wholesale importation of the European approach may be inopportune at the moment. The issues are examined by using economic convergence modelling perspectives. In general, the findings clearly suggest that further work remains before ASEAN will be able to fully benefit from having a single currency area. I. Introduction this is an achievable, or even a desirable, goal. The recent successful introduction of a common printed currency in the euro zone brings renewed interest to the topic of whether similar approaches might be successfully implemented in other regions. One region that may be a promising candidate for this process is Southeast Asia, comprising the ASEAN member countries. Like the European Union (EU), the integration of the ASEAN nations was initiated for political reasons. Many of...
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...Malaysian government responded to the crisis. It also focuses on the Asian financial crisis’ impact on the employment of banking sector in Malaysia. In the finance, insurance, real estate and business service sector, a number of 6,596 workers were retrenched. Banks were forced into mergers and acquisition as well as downsizing, trim lean, organizational changes and introduction of new technologies. Excess workers were offered a “voluntary separation scheme.” These retrenched workers became the urban poor facing high cost of living and no opportunity for jobs as there is no safety net provided. 1. Introduction The economic meltdown began in Thailand in July 1997 and spread to other countries in the region, such as Malaysia, Indonesia, the Philippines and South Korea. This phenomenon was later called the "contagion effect." To improve economic foundations, Thailand, Indonesia and South Korea decided to ask for and received rescue packages from the International Monetary Fund (IMF). However,...
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...------------------------------------------------- Child labour in India From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Young boy stacking plates in Bangalore Child labor in India and rest of the world, per World Bank data. India is colored in green with 10-20% incidence levels, along with countries colored in red (30-40%) and black (>40%). Child labour in India is the practice where children engage in economic activity, on part-time or full-time basis. The practice deprives children of their childhood, and is harmful to their physical and mental development. Poverty, lack of good schools and growth of informal economy are considered as the important causes of child labour in India.[1][2] b The 2001 national census of India estimated the total number of child labour, aged 5–14, to be at 12.6 million.[3] Child labor problem is not unique to India; worldwide, about 215 million children work, many full-time.[4] In 2001, out of a 12.6 million, about 0.12 million children in India were in a hazardous job.[5]UNICEF estimates that India with its larger population, has the highest number of labourers in the world under 14 years of age, while sub-saharan African countries have the highest percentage of children who are deployed as child labour.[6][7][8] International Labour Organization estimates that agriculture at 60 percent is the largest employer of child labor in India,[9] while United Nation's Food and Agriculture Organization estimates 70 percent of child labour is deployed in agriculture and related...
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...OUTLINE: Topic - Impact of Migration: Focus on Philippines I. Introduction Ia. Defining Migration a.1 Kinds of Migration a.2 Who are Migrants a.3 Factors of Migration a.4 Reasons for Migration II. Review of Related Literature III. History of Migration and its Policies III.a. Migration Policies - Critique III.b. Statistics b.1.Number of Migrants b.2.Main destinations b.3.Occupations b.4.Sex b.5.Remittances III.c. Case Study c.1. Flor Contemplacion c.2. Angelo Dela Cruz c.3. Rodelio “Dondon” Lanuza IV. Impact of Saudization to Filipino OFWs V. Impact of Migration V.a. Impact of Migration to the Sending State a.1 Positive effects a.2 Negative effects V.b. Impact of Migration to the Receiving State b.1. Positive effects b.2. Negative effects VI. Implication of the Effects to the Philippines (Actions made to combat negative migration effects) VII. Implications of Migration to the Youth - Youth Migration VIII. Migration and Filipino Family Life, Society and Culture VIII.a. Effects on the family of an OFW VIII.b. Migration and Filipino Society IX. Solving Migration Problems X. Conclusion I. Introduction What is migration...
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...MALAYSIAN STUDIES HISTORY MALACCAN SULTANATE Introduction • Founded by Parameswara, a prince from Palembang, Sumatra in the early 15th century. • Parameswara fled Palembang when it was attacked by the Majapahit army from Java and went to Temasik (Singapore) and killed its ruler, Temagi, who represented Ayhuthia (siam). Five years later, Ayuthia attacked Temasik and he fled and settled at a place which was later called Melaka (Malacca). • General features :- a. centre for trade b. centre of Islam c. big empire d. political relation with China Similarities with present Malaysia 1. Islam as the official religion 2. Government system :- a. Sultan – head of state, Islam and army b. Ministers / Officers : o Bendahara (Prime Minister) o Temenggung (Chief of Security / Police) o Penghulu Bendahari (Finance) o Laksamana (Navy) o Syahbandar (Trade and Port) 1. Law :- a. Undang-undang Melaka / Hukum Kanun Melaka (based on Islamic law) b. Undang-undang Laut Melaka (Marine Law) Factors that helped Malacca to prosper 1. Geographic :- a. Location – between India and China trade route b. sheltered from the South West and North East monsoon c. deep natural port d. people living by the seaside (orang laut) – help to defend from attacks 1. Economic :- a. concentration on trade – centre for trade in the Malay Archipelago b. centre of entreport trade – international level 1. Political & Administration :- a. relation with China (superpower)...
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...ISSN: 2222-6990 The Impact of Employment of Foreign Workers: Local Employability and Trade Union Roles in Malaysia Ramesh Kumar Moona Haji Mohamed (PhD Candidate), School of Distance Education, 11800,Universiti Sains Malaysia Email: rameshk@utar.edu.my Charles Ramendran SPR Faculty of Business & Finance, UTAR Email: charlesr@utar.edu.my Peter Yacob Faculty of Business & Finance, UTAR Email: petery@utar.edu.my Abstract The issue of foreign workers has received increase media and national attention. However, to date there has been limited research on the nature and consequences of employment of foreign workers in Malaysia. Introduction of significant changes in recruitment phenomenon has ended in painful and traumatic atmosphere which barely acceptable by local workforce in Malaysia. This conceptual paper can be derived from the field of industrial relations which play a significant role in employment of foreign workers. The article reports on the preliminary findings on employment status of local workforce and trade union rights affected by employment of foreign workers. In addition, the research makes a number of recommendations, including the need for further development on reducing the employment of foreign workers and more refined targeting of vulnerable foreign workers linked with labor legislations. Keywords: Malaysia, foreign workers, trade union rights, local workers and employability Introduction For over the past decade, Malaysia has over...
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................................................... 3 Different types of trade agreements..................................................................................... 3 1. Free Trade Areas (FTA)........................................................................................... 3 2. Common Monetary Area (CMA)............................................................................. 5 3. Customs Union......................................................................................................... 5 4. Common Market...................................................................................................... 6 5. Monetary Union....................................................................................................... 6 6. Economic Union...................................................................................................... 7 World Trade Organization........................................................................................................... 8 History of the World Trade Organization............................................................................ 8 Ministerial...
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