...Sierra Leone: Modern History Though most of the modern history of Sierra Leone was shadowed by the civil war there are still key compartments of the modern history. Starting off with British philanthropists that founded the “Province of Freedom” in 1787. Where it was a home to repatriated former slaves from London and America. It later became the capital of Sierra Leone, Freetown. At first it was the source of slaves then was a place where slaves became freed. At least 1200 slaves were free from Nova Scotia in 1792. They later joined the original settlers, the Maroons. Soon after more slaves began to rebel in Jamaica in 1800. Sir John Hawkins brought in slaves in 1562. That started the slave trade in the North America. The first ever...
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...s4rsa - Sierra Leone Private Security Companies http://s4rsa.wikispaces.com/Sierra+Leone+Private+Security+... Welcome. Learn more about what Wikispaces has to offer. guest | Edit 0 0 Sierra Leone Private Security Companies 10 … Private Security Companies Likely To Increase Activities In Sierra Leone Over Next Three To Five Years Executive Summary Wiki Home Extractive mineral and diamond mining, and timber industries especially are almost certain to Recent rely on the expertise of private security companies to defend physical assets and personnel Changes working in areas of the country currently lacking traditional police forces. Pages and Files Due to of an improving business environment, persistent ineffective governance, and insufficient funding for public security forces, private security companies are likely to increase their current role in the Sierra Leone security sector over the next three to five years. Members Private security companies (PSCs) and private military companies (PMCs) have a long history Manage and corporate principals. It is likely PSCs and PMCs will continue to play a key role in security Wiki in Sierra Leone stretching back to the country's founding as protectors of industrial operations Discussion sector reform in the country. The modern history of private security forces in Sierra Leone, particularly PMCs, began in 1995 when the government hired the British company Gurkah Search Wiki Security Guards (GSG) to fight the...
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...Throughout history man has been repressed, ruled by monocratic, absolute rulers. But over time more and more people started to question this method of ruling, starting with ideas put forth by philosophers in a time called Enlightenment in the 17th century. Philosophers like Thomas Hobbes believed an autocratic ruler was needed to control man, while others like John Locke favored the idea of a government where the purpose was the good of mankind and officials were elected. Now many governments, democracies such as the US, have adopted Locke’s humanistic view and developed a list of human rights. However many rights are still violated, such as the right to an adequate standard of living and medical help. Sierra Leone is a prime...
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...Sierra Leone Civil War The Sierra Leone civil war which lasted about 11 years from 1991 to 2001 has resulted about 50, 000 of death followed by numerous accounts of rape, murder, displaced, destruction properties as well as other crimes that are absolutely against the humanity (Shah, 2001). It began on March 23, 1991 when the Revolutionary United Front (RUF), a rebel army led by Foday Sankoh which was supported by the special forces from the Charles Taylor’s National Patriotic Front of Libera (NPFL) of Liberia, had intervened the Sierra Leone with intent to overthrow and change the Sierra Leone’s government which led by Joseph Momoh (Friedman-Rudovsky, 2013). The major cause that contributed to the bloody civil war in Sierra Leone is merely...
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...aid in the developing country Sierra Leone. Next I will analyze the specific actions that the leadership of the selected Sierra Leone has taken, through the use of its foreign aid from donor nations and international lending institutions, to relieve the severe problems caused by warfare. Lastly I will discuss whether or not the extension of foreign aid has successfully reduced poverty and the incidence of warfare in Sierra Leone. The country that I decided to write about is Sierra Leone because it is one of the developing country in West Africa. They had a ten year civil war that ended in 2002. In May 2002 Sierra Leone voted for a government that would rebuild and restore order to their country which laid in ruins. With peace came foreign aid experts (Book Reviews, 2006). The positives of this civil war is that Sierra Leone developing democracy that has made notable economic gains. It now contributes significantly to United Nations peacekeeping operations, including the UN Mission to Darfur (UNAMID). It also is emerging as one of the most stable countries in a volatile region. The government also has passed one of Africa’s toughest anti-corruption laws, made high-profile arrests, and secured convictions in a majority of its prosecutions (U.S., 2014). The negatives of the war on the other hand is complete total destruction of all schools, government buildings. Though difficult to assess in monetary terms, the losses incurred by Sierra Leoneans as a result of death...
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...SIERRA LEONE CIVIL WAR: POWER OF SUCCESSFUL INTERVENTIONS The history of Sierra Leone from 1991 to 2002 is written with continuous suffering of its people. Although many literatures argue that opportunities of economic profit in the diamond mining industry is the motivation of the conflict, long history of poor institutional building with a consequence of malnutrition in Sierra Leone’s capacity in face of political instability also led to the long-lasting of war. The absence and insufficient ability of the civil government prohibited the state’s normal provision of fundamental functions, namely rule of law, security, and economic development. Tensions between the authority and the anti-government armed forces grew at a fast pace, brutal violations of humanity was commonly seen everywhere. Series of military interventions with a goal to restore stability and provide humanitarian aid ended in vain, only brought more destructions to the nation. The conflict in Sierra Leone consists of a complex mixture of key stakeholders, including domestic and neighboring countries’ politicians, local and cross-border militia, mercenary troops, diamond companies, regional and international organizations. The complex interactions between each player contributed to the decade-long civil war in this West African country. Unlike many countries...
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...Weapon Conflict Throughout history, humans have used literature as a way to express emotions, feelings, and tell intriguing stories. A Long Way Gone, a memoir written by Ishmael Beah and “Weapon Conflict”, a song performed by Sierra Leone Refugee All Stars are two differing pieces of literature that render powerful messages about the menaces of war that these authors have faced. In the 1990’s, war broke out between harsh rebels and the corrupt government of Sierra Leone. Beah and the members of Sierra Leone Refugee All Stars have different, yet effective ways of telling their stories about the horrors of Sierra Leone. Nevertheless, A Long Way Gone, expresses the true dangers of war more effectively than “Weapon Conflict” because it goes into...
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...social pressures conflict with professional ethics? The linguistic situation of Sierra Leone poses an interesting challenge to a hybrid tribunal such as the Special Court for Sierra Leone (SCSL). Sierra Leone is one of the smaller countries in West Africa; its population is now estimated to be around 6 million. Over 20 languages are in use of which Mende, Themne, Limba, and Kono are the most important indigenous ones, but they exist besides the official ex-colonial language English and its Creole descendant, called Krio. Krio is used as a native language with ethnic reference mainly in the capital Freetown and in the Western Area. It is also used as a lingua franca throughout the country where Mende and Themne also serve as linguae francae, but these are mainly concentrated in the south and in the north respectively. However, Krio is also used as a first language without ethnic reference in most urban areas in Sierra Leone. It has become the dominant first language of the young urban people and it often used as one of two first languages. The language preference of young Sierra Leoneans is very important, since more than half of the population is under 19 years of age. During the war the importance and relevance of Krio grew enormously while that of English diminished. In the early 90s, not only the upcoming RUF (Revolutionary United Front) under the leadership of Foday Sankoh, but also the Sierra Leonean Army decided to increase the size of the their forces by enlisting in...
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...!"#$%&'#(")*)"(+$"+$,"-..*$/-(+-0$$ Political Risk Analysis !!! May 2012 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !!!!! !!!!! !!!!"#$%&'($!")*+,'&$! !!!!-.($/!0*!-.1! !!!!-.#23#&!4*''#)5! !!!!6&2(2!7185&! !!!!9)&5.&'!:(55&2! TABLE OF CONTENTS I. II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY (Dommert)......….……………………………………....4 INTRODUCTION...…………………………………………………………………7 A. PROJECT BACKGROUND (Brockman)…………………………..…………………..7 B. SIERRA LEONE (Chu)…………………….………………….…………………......8 C. IHS POLITICAL RISK RATINGS AND RANKING INDEX (Mittal) ……….......……....10 !" III. IV. Choice of IHS Model …………………..………………………...……......12 !!" Model Improvements …………………………………………...………....13 RISK MAP (Mittal, Gupta)………………………….……………………………...14 RISK ASSESSMENT, EVALUATION, & MANAGEMENT.………..…………17 A. POLITICAL RISK (Brockman) ……………………………………………...……..17 i. Introduction ……………………………………………………...….……17 ii. War and External Threats …………………………………...……………..20 !!!" Civil and Labor Unrest ……………………………………………...…......23 !#" Internal Violence ………………………………………………..……...…27 #" Regime Instability ………………………………………………..…...…..29 B. SOCIO-ECONOMIC RISKS ………………….………………………………...…...33 i. Economic Instability (Gupta) ………………………………………….…..33 ii. Energy Vulnerability (Gupta) …………………………………………..….37 iii. Environmental Activism (Mittal)………………………………………...…42 iv. Ethno-Linguistic Factionalism (Mittal)…………………………….……….45 C. COMMERCIAL PETROLEUM RISKS …………...…………………………...………53 i. Constraints on Foreign Oil Company Investment (Chu)……...…………...…53 ii. External Transfer...
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...has not responded enough legacies of historical globalization. This essay will cover the following arguments such as residential schools, slavery and the Sierra Leone civil war. Residential schools had a negative impact on Aboriginal people, many children suffered greatly. The government thought Aboriginal people’s history and culture were not worth preserving and acknowledged.This resulted to loss of culture, they were stripped out of their traditional ways and culture and taken away from their families. Rita Joe wrote a poem about how her voice...
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...In 2014-2015 the largest outbreak of Ebola virus disease (Ebola) occurred in West African history. There were 28,646 diagnosed cases of Ebola reported in which 11,000 deaths were reported officially. In the initial months of the outbreak response were poorly coordinated and limited since there were little-known knowledge, attitudes, and practice related to Ebola. When responding to an outbreak public education and engagement of community is an important factor since it can be used to help stop an outbreak. In 2014 International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) conducted a small-scale public knowledge, attitudes, and practice (KAP) study using a small sample of Sierra Leone. Within less than one month in the study, the KAP study was an important tool used in 2014 by the Sierra Leone National Social Mobilisation Pillar, supported by Catholic Relief Service (CRS), and US Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), to inform public and community engagement strategies on Ebola prevention, control and treatment in Sierra Leone. As the outbreak widen the focus of the community was to improve the public knowledge, practice, and attitude toward Ebola until the help arrive. Such may include isolating infected patients, washing hands, handling...
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...Gender and Transitional Justice An Assessment of the Contribution of Transitional Justice Mechanisms in Addressing Gender-Based Violence in post-Conflict Sierra Leone Introduction Sierra Leone, a relatively small country with a population of just over 6 million people, has been the focus of considerable attention due to the recent Ebola epidemic and, prior to that, the decade-long civil war (1991-2002) (Mills, Nesbitt-Ahmed, Diggins & Mackieu, 2015, p. 4). After the war, the transition from civil war to peace witnessed a number of landmark procedural innovations with widespread implications for gender justice. The decade-long conflict had shattered the West African country, displacing more than one million people and leaving more than two hundred thousand women and girls dealing with the aftermath of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). Then, in 1999, the Lomé Peace Agreement traded amnesty for peace, making provision for the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Sierra Leone to work parallel to the Special Court of Sierra Leone (otherwise called the Special Court or the SCSL) in order to prosecute those who bore “the greatest responsibility” for mass atrocities committed during the civil war. While there is a growing consensus that truth and reconciliation commissions as a transitional justice mechanism can be effective tools “in the construction of a post-conflict society that is more democratic and more respectful of human rights” (Wielbelhans-Hrahm...
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...stenden university | THE CRS PLAN | Gulf Helicopters CompanyInSierra Leone | Lecturer: Ilyas Inci IBMS - 3Y | Mohammed Shaath, Tarek Bekrar, Sumaya Taha, Radwa Khalifa & Noof Al Malki | | Table of Content: Introduction: This report is about the new CSR strategy that will be implemented by a well – known company with a high turnover and a high number of employees which is Gulf Helicopters Company with the coordination of Tekfen . A full study will be about the suitability of the CSR plan in relation with both the company and the hosted country which is Sierra Leone. Description of the company: Gulf Helicopters established officially in 1970, as a part of the British overseas airways corporation. It was sold officially to Qatar petroleum in 1998. Gulf Helicopters is totally owned by Gulf international services. GHC is now a leading company in Middle East above serving India, Yemen and Libya. Gulf helicopters is aiding short and long term flights as well as photo flights. Moreover, GHC is now serving medical services for faster facilities. GHC is specialized in oil and gas industry, as well as delivering equipments and aircraft components, chemicals, vehicle parts, electrical lamp, cables or others, computer and office stuff, refrigerators or heating tools, and leisure supplies. GHC is specially helping the gulf area. GHC is provided with well-qualified engineers who mechanism all the maintenance jobs, also GHC is an ISO 9001-2000 certified...
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...This paper depicts the adverse effect of diamonds on the people of Africa. It also addresses the real price of diamonds which it believes to be the lives of millions of Africans. Additionally, it examines the response from the United Nations and question if enough is being done to crack done on the sale of blood diamonds. The famous phrase “Diamonds are Forever” is known to most people all over the world. What most people do not know is where most of these diamonds are coming from and how they came to become perfect gestures of love and romance. Looking at a clear cut diamond ring, it is hard to imagine the possibility of thousands of innocent people being murdered, tortured, and forced to mine for these stones; unfortunately that is the case in Africa. Diamonds in West Africa have been used for the last 30 years to fund rebel groups and their desire to take control of their nations by violence and intimidation. In such conflicted regions of the world, diamonds lose their connotation of beauty and elegance and are stained with blood. In this paper, I will discuss the many ways in which “conflict diamond” has brought nothing but poverty, suffering and war to the West African people. I will further explain what world organizations such as the United Nation have done in order to counteract the adverse effects of the conflict diamond on the African community, and the extent to which such efforts have been successful. Conflict diamonds are diamonds illegally traded...
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...four centuries, African-Americans have faced a plenitude of oppression, racism, and violence from the W.A.S.P majority and through it all was able to retain many Africanisms native to West Africa and more specifically Sierra Leone. The documentary Family Across the Sea (1990) by Tim Carrier explored these specific connections and debated the common notion that enslaved Africans and their descendants lost all ties with their origins in West Africa when in truth the Geechie Gullah people of Georgia's Low Country are a prime example of how Africa’s cultural, spiritual, agricultural traditions continue shape the black experience in America today....
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