...History of Special Education Grand Canyon University: SPE 526 June 25, 2014 ABSTRACT Special education has been at the center point of education for the past decades. The foundations of education never considered those with disabilities important or relevant in the classroom. Therefore, disabled students did not receive fair or equal treatment. Over the past century teachers, governments, and families have worked to create laws and regulations to ensure that students with disabilities have fair and equal treatment in schools. This paper will discuss the history of special education and law and acts that were created to help the field. In addition, current and future challenges of special education are also examined. Keywords: special education, No Child Left Behind, Individuals with Disabilities Education According to the United States Department of Education there were 6 million children from the age of birth to 21 that received special education services in 2009-2010 (Department of Education). In addition, since the federal government started reporting child data in 1977 the percentage of students receiving special education services has doubled from 23.8% to 42.3%. With encouraging statistics like those mentioned it seems like the United Sates has always been innovators of special education. However, this is actually not the case. When the founding fathers of education established the foundations of school, individuals with special needs were not considered. In...
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...History of Special Education By: Kenyata York December 5, 2012 SPE 526 ABSTRACT Individuals with disabilities have the same passion, drive, determination and ambitions of traditional students. Students living with disabilities are just as capable of learning and retaining information just like traditional students in the classroom. In today’s society, there are an abundance of laws and regulations that are in place to protect and educate individuals with disabilities. However, the idea of educating individuals with disabilities was not always a positive and fair thought in the United States. Throughout history, the laws and regulations for students with disabilities have been created to establish equality and opportunity for educational advancement. Some of the laws and regulations include the creation of the Education for Handicapped Act (EHA), the Individual with Disability Education Act (IDEA), and legislation to have teachers trained to work with students who are “mental challenged” and deaf. Individuals with disabilities have the same passion, drive, determination and ambitions of traditional students. Students living with disabilities are just as capable of learning and retaining information just like traditional students in the classroom. In today’s society, there are an abundance of laws and regulations that are in place to protect and educate individuals with disabilities. However, the idea of educating individuals with disabilities was not always a positive...
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...History of Special Education Cherri Eurich Grand Canyon University: SPE-526 11/7/12 Abstract Understanding the history of special education is necessary to grasp its value today. After the 1970’s it was decided there was a growing need for reform when it came to educating children with disabilities. Over the years there have been many pieces of legislation introduced to aid in improving our nation’s special education program. Perhaps one of the most important, being the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). As early as 1970, people began to recognize the need for educational legislation on behalf of students with disabilities. Before that time schools were allowed to discriminate and segregate as well as deny education to certain students. Since Brown vs. the Board of Education educational legislation has been vital to developing the best special education programs. What is Special Education? Special education is designed to give opportunities and teaching to students with disabilities that affect their life and learning (Heward, 2009). Special education provides a curriculum that is specialized and individually intensive. The lessons are intensive and goal directed for each student. Special education teachers work in conjunction with general education teachers to provide adequate lessons. In many instances, special curriculum, along with unique materials is used to aid in educating the students (Heward, 2009)...
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...History of Special Education The field of education has been around for a very long time, but special education has not always been around. In fact, for many years it wasn’t even accepted in the world of education. In the past, students with special needs were often not allowed to go to public school because of their disabilities. However, in today’s world, they have a right to free public education and most of the time benefit greatly from some of the resources that are available. Special education has come a long ways over the years and still has room for growth and improvement. There have been many court cases that have led the field of special education where it is today. In 1892, Homer Plessy, an African American man, bought a train ticket out of New Orleans and boarded the part of the train that was designated for white people. He was arrested for breaking the Louisiana Separate Car Act and was found guilty of breaking that law. (Daigle, 2011). Even though this was a case that dealt with segregation it had an impact on education later as discrimination against those students with disabilities came into play. In Watson vs. City of Cambridge (1893), a student was expelled because the school didn’t feel like he would benefit from an education. The courts agreed with the school and felt like those with weak minds would be a distraction to others and should be denied access to school. Beattie vs. Board of Education (1919) case about twenty years later with a student...
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...Special education has a very meaningful history. Special education is a complex enterprise that can be defined and evaluated from many perspectives(Heward 2013). The time frame and relation of special education play a major role in the evolvement in current and future education. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was passed by Congress in 1975. The 1990 amendments renamed the law and changed it to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act which was mainly referred to as IDEA. Special educators are very important because they teach students have disabilities, such as language, sensory, learning, physical, and/or emotional abilities that cause them to be deviated from those of the general population. The responsibility of special educators is to give instruction that is specifically targeted to meet the individualized needs, making education available to those who have a limited access to education. Since education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments, special education should not fall short of the importance of education. Students with disabilities has been present in every era and society although special education that has been federally mandated is relatively new. Only after the acknowledgement or creation of universal public education is when forms a disability came about. When teachers had goals of literacy for all students, it caused teachers to observe a students disability in relation to a task and setting. After...
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...History of Special Education Erin Hauser SPE/300 May 4, 2015 Tabatha Astacio Arce Introduction Special Education has come a long way particularly since the enactment of two federal laws: the EHA (Education for All Handicapped Children Act) and the IDEA (Individuals with Disabilities Education Act). The EHA requires public education for all children with disabilities and the IDEA requires special education for those children. How Terminology Has Changed The term “mental retardation” has such an offensive vibe to it. Many teachers get upset when people use this term. However, it is used because that is what was written into the text of federal law. It says “ …a learning problem that is primarily the result of visual, hearing, mental retardation…” (20 U.S.C. 1401(30)). Some states have changed the terminology in their state statutes to “cognitive disability” or “intellectual disability”. Many people do not like the words “handicap” or “crippled” even, as it implies a negative feel towards the person. Some believe this makes us focus on their disability instead of the person and their gifts and talents. Many people refer to people with these struggles as “exceptional” as others have preferred “challenged” or “differently-abled”. Our society tends to focus on the negative in people or the “different” in people who don’t fit the “normal” criteria such as fashionable, intelligent, middle to upper class, athletic. Why Students are in the Least Restrictive Environment ...
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...Explain the concept of special education. What is the impact of both cultural diversity and linguistic diversity on special education? Special education is a specialized program that provides support, additional services, placements and or environments that help to make sure that all students’ needs are met within the educational system. There are a lot of students who meet the special education criteria and these programs are designed to address their needs at no cost to the parents. The United States population is changing considerably diversity definition has gone through a transformation. The concept of diversity has grown to include more than just the usual accepted elements of ethnicity and race; cultural and socioeconomic factors play a major part in how a person works together in society. Even the once clearly defined check boxes of race are blurring. For the first time, the 2000 U.S. Census allowed individuals to indicate more than one race on the form, meaning that people of mixed heritages no longer have to decide which one classification best describes them (Trail, 2000). These changes indicate a shift in the American viewpoint on diversity. The American melting pot of the last century no longer exists; we are now moving to a society where individuality is free and valued a cultural mixture is being created from millions of unique pieces. Linguistic and cultural diversity in our classrooms and communities has the potential to educate and expand our understanding...
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...The Pre-Referral Process Heather Walden SPE-523N Module 4 May 28, 2014 The Pre-Referral Process The pre-referral process is a preventative measure that can help to eliminate inappropriate referrals for special education. Pre-referral supports general education teachers when they have students who exhibit academic or behavioral problems. During the pre-referral process, teachers document and explain the various difficulties and challenges that the student has and finds various instructional interventions to see if progress can be made. The pre-referral process helps students to not to be misidentified and placed in a special education program. If modifications/accommodations can be successfully made within the general education classroom and students’ progress, then the misidentification of students’ would be less. However, if the interventions that are put in place and do not improve the performance of the student, the next step would involve referring the student for an assessment to determine possible eligibility for special education services. Using the pre-referral process helps maintain children within the least restrictive environment and relies on special education as the last resort (Brownell, Sindelar, Kiely, & Danielson, 2013). There are two programs used in the pre-referral stage, one is Response to Intervention (RTI) and the other is Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports (PIBS). There are three tiers of intervention associated with RTI, the first...
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...History of Special Education Law Grand Canyon University Special Education Litigation and Law SPE-350 Virginia Murray August 11, 2013 History of Special Education Law Throughout the ages, people with disabilities have been hidden away at homes or institutions and were often not educated. This was common practice and as such, when the education system was designed, children with disabilities were not even considered. Then, starting soon after the civil rights movement in the 50’s, a series of lawsuits was brought against school boards and the federal government took notice. Then the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 was passed and these children were finally allowed the education they deserved. As time went on, the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 became outdated and so it was revised and renamed the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) in 1990. IDEA completely changed the face of special education by adding and refining many stipulations. Both the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 and IDEA had specific, legal ramifications on the classroom. Each act, the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 and IDEA has similarities and differences from each other and there is a Venn diagram included in the assignment to illustrate it. As the first incarnation of federal education law, the Education for all Handicapped Children Act of 1975 was relatively basic. In the article Disabilities: An...
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...Module 1 – History of Special Education 1 Module 1 – History of Special Education Sandra A. Roland Grand Canyon University SPE – 526 Educating Learners With Diverse Needs Dr. Gary McDaniel January 6, 2011 Module 1 – History of Special Education 2 Abstract The history of Special Education began and surfaced in the U.S., after World War II, by a number of parent organized advocacy groups. One of the first organizations formed was the “American Association on Mental Deficiency,” which held its first convention in 1947. There was a number of other parent organizations formed, which was fueled by the” Civil Rights Movement” in the early 1950s, including the “United Cerebral Palsy Association”, the “Muscular Dystrophy Association,” and the “John F. Kennedy’s Panel on Mental Retardation,” which was established by President John F. Kennedy in 1961. This panel recommended federal aid to states. The “Elementary and Secondary Act” was signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson in 1965, providing funding for primary education. The advocacy groups believed this expanded access and public education for children with disabilities. The Federal government in (1950s and 1960s), worked with the support of the advocacy of family associations, such as “The ARC,” which began to develop and validate practices for children with disabilities and their families. These practices laid the foundation for implementing effective programs and services of early intervention and...
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...The History of Special Education and the Laws Associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) Latrena Y. Haynes Grand Canyon University: SPE - 526 March 05, 2014 Abstract Special education is a type of education for students with special needs. The term is usually abbreviated as SPED which can also mean Saving People Every Day. This includes people who are different from normal people whether they are a baby, toddler, young adult, or an adult. This includes people who have a disability who are often overlooked at because of their disability. This also includes people who just want the same treatment and an education given to them as a normal or regular person. This paper will explore the history of education and the laws associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA). It will also discourse the current and future challenges that the laws have on special education. The History of Special Education and the Laws Associated with the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) The history of special education started back a long time ago in the 1900s when people was going to court versing the other to fight for an education for students with disabilities. Children with disabilities were overlooked and not accepted by the general population (Heward, 2009). No matter when they born or where they was born, if they had a disability then discrimination always occurred. Back in the days, educating a child with...
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...All children have the right to an education, regardless of disability. However, children with disabilities have not always had that right provided to them. Research and knowledge-based evidence throughout the last century has greatly changed educators’ opinions and positions on special education. A key point that will be discussed in this essay is the enactment of the Individuals with Disabilities Act (IDEA), as well as current and future challenges of special education. The initial creation and development of our educational system disregarded the needs of children with disabilities. Because of very limited educational options, most disabled children were either educated in their homes or their parents paid for them to attend expensive private schools (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). Through parent-formed advocacy groups the educational needs of children with disabilities were brought to the public’s eye in the early part of the 20th Century (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). In 1961, President John F. Kennedy awarded federal aid to the States through the creation of the President’s Panel on Mental Retardation (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). Shortly thereafter, in 1965, President Lyndon B. Johnson signed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (The History of Special Education in the United States, 2009). This act provided funding to schools that enrolled children with disabilities,...
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...Research the History of Special Education SPE/300 September 8, 2014 SONJA Lamppa Research the History of Special Education Accessible housing. (N.D.). Website: http://www.accessiblehousing.org/rights/disabilities.asp This website offers detailed information on accessible housing and the rights offered for disabled Americans when housing is considered. According to the laws in the United States of America afforded to all American’s, and does not allow for discrimination for disability, race, color, religion or any other reason. This website also offers information for the fair housing act from the start in 1973 and all the changes throughout the years. Also this website offers information on housing programs, rental programs, as well as community resources and every property search options. Americans with Disabilities Act (N.D.) Website: http://www.dol.gov/dol/topic/disability/ada.htm This website is the website for the United States department of labor and offers information on the Americans with Disabilities Act and a person with disabilities rights as a disabled person. As well as many other resources are available on this site including current wages, unemployment insurance and rights to all Americans with or without disabilities. Moody, A. (2012). Website: http://commons.trincoll.edu/edreform/2012/05/the-education-for-all-handicapped-children-act-a-faltering-step-towards-integration/ This website offers information from...
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...specific website experiences. The first rubric will evaluate a website about special education. The second rubric will evaluate the author’s potential achievement of the National Board for Professional Teaching Standards: Exceptional Needs Specialists/Early Childhood Through Young Adult Standards (NBPTS:ENS/ECTYAS). Rubric 1 Evaluate Web Site | Poor 1 pts | Fair 2 pts | Good 3 pts | Content | Information garbled or does not match search topic. | Provides cursory information about the search topic. | Provides ample and in depth information about the search engine topic. | Quality of Information | More ads than information on site. | Site loads well and has some information that can be used. | Information is well researched, well presented, and well organized. | User Friendly | Links broken, pop-up ads everywhere, information not available or site down or not up and running yet. | Limited amount of actual information intermingled with link for ads or other search engines. | Site was well organized and easy to follow. Information was provided with limited or no ads. | Rubric 2 Evaluate NBPTS:ENS/ECTYAS Standard | Never or Unsatisfactory 1 pts | Minimum Requirements met or Rarely 2 pts | Proficient or Sometimes 3 pts | Excellent or Always 4 pts | Knowledge of Students | Does not understand students’ skills, interests, dreams, or personal history. Learning experience is not personal at all. | Has cursory understanding of...
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...ESE 633 Week 1 DQ 1 History and Service Delivery Options for Students with Disability To Buy This material Click below link http://www.uoptutors.com/ese-633-ash/ese-633-week-1-dq-1-history-and-service-delivery-options-for-students-with-disability This discussion is your opportunity to achieve the week’s learning objective to examine the history and service delivery options for students with a disability. This discussion aligns with Course Learning Outcome 3 and reinforces MAED Program Learning Outcome 2. This week’s readings provided you with a look into the history of individuals who addressed the academic interests of children with disabilities. These individuals accepted many roles during the process because often there were no legal safeguards against social, academic, or legal injustices. Starting in the United States in the 1960s, advocates for children with disabilities began a strong campaign for equality. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act (EAHCA) was passed in 1975 with reauthorizations, updates, and refinements occurring continuously. Contemporary special educators continue to serve in multiple roles advocating for equality in schools, communities, and workplaces. Although the federally mandated role of special educators has evolved notably, public education for children with disabilities continues to be a dynamic and progressive area of practice. Initial Post – Begin by reading Chapter 1 in Murawski and Spenser (2011). Next, using the Ashford...
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