Vocabulary:

Goal 1
1. Historical narrative
2. Temporal structure (beginning, middle, end)
3. Time line
4. Historical succession
5. Historical duration (continuity)
6. Primary sources
7. Humanity
8. Historical passage
9. Historical perspective
10. Historical context
11. Literal meaning
12. Historical fact
13. Historical interpretation
14. Historical data
15. Hhistorical analysis
16. Cause-and-effect relationship
17. Value-laden
18. Moral convictions
19. Critique
20. Hypotheses
21. Historical inquiry
22. Eyewitness account
23. Statistical compilations
24. Journals
25. Census
26. Artifacts
27. Economic indicators

Goal 2
28. Sustainability – supported,upheld ,of confirmed
29. Fertile Crescent – an area in the middle and near east: formerly fertile, now partly desert
30. Migration - a number or body of persons or animals migrating together.
31. Environment – the aggregate of surrounding things,conditions,or influences;surroundings; milieu
32. Human interdependence – all humans rely on each other.
33. Natural barriers – a natural limit or boundary of any kind.
34. Drought – a period of dry weather that whithers or kills the crops
35. Famine – extreme hunger or scarce amount of food.
36. Trade interactions -the influence of buying or selling trade with other countries.
37. Resources – a source of supply,support,or aid when specificity needed
38. River valley -a natural stream of water flowing in a valley between two mountains or hills.
39. Dikes – embankment for controlling or holding back the waters of the sea or a river.
40. Communication chain – the act or process of communicating through a chain.
41. Trading network – a net like combination for trading.
42. Nomadic – pertaining to, or characteristic of nomads.
43. Exports – to ship commodities to other countries for trading or selling purposes all over the world.
44. Imports- bringing in needs from foreign countries all over the world.
45. Theocracy – a form of government in which God or a deity is recognized as the supreme civil ruler.
46. Democracy -government ruled by the people
47. Oligarchy – form of government in which one family or one person powerfully rules.
48. Tyranny – the government or rule of a tyrant or absolute ruler.
49. Aristocracy – a government or state ruled by a privileged upper class.
50. Complexity -the state or quality of being complexed ; intricacy
51. Distribution of power -sharing of ruling over people
52. Central government -they are in a governing system concerned with areas that affect the entire nation.
53. Unprecedented – never been known or experienced
54. Commerce – an interchange of goods or commodities on a large scale of different scale of different countries or the same country. Trade; business
55. Greece – a republic in Southern Europe
56. Rome -Capital of Italy
57. India – Subcontinent in South Asia
58. China – a country in East Asia
59. Codifying laws – to reduce principle or regulations in a community.
60. Code of Hammurabi -a Babylonian legal code of the 18th century BC or earlier, instituted by Hammurabi and dealing with criminal and civil matters.
61. Draco’s Code – was derived from Draco the Greek codifier of law. He served as the first legislator of Athens; Greece,in the seventh BC
62. Justinian’s Code -
63. Theodosius’ Code – when he made the code it caused some emperors to become Christians.
64. Democracy – government by the people.
65. Mongol Empire – existed during the 13th and 14th century in Europe.
66. Mughal Empire – existed from 1526 to 1757 in India.
67. Ottoman Empire – turkish empire that was established in 1453.
68. Ming China – Empire of the great ming that was the ruling dynasty for 276 years. (1368-1644)
69. Mesoamerica -established during the 15th and 16th centuries.
70. Inca Empire – (1458- 1533) largest empire in the pre-columbian area
71. Imperial African states – (1300-1629) The oldest and longest are in Ethiopia.
72. Cultural exchange/diffusion – prolixity of speech or writing
73. Legacy – anything handed down from the past or from an ancestor
74. Silk Roads - international trade route between China and the Mediterranean.
75. Roman Empire – the lands and peoples subject to the authority of ancient Rome.
76. Internal weaknesses – internal problems within your empire.
77. External invasions – problems outside your empire
78. Macchu Pichu -
79. Pyramids of Egypt – a massive monument with a square base and four triangular sides; begun by Cheops around 2700 BC.
80. Greek art -
81. Roman art -
82. Architecture – the profession of designing and building buildings.
83. Systems of government -
84. Paper money – currency in paper form, such as government and paper notes, as distinguished from metal currency.
85. Indian Decimal System -
86. Irrigation – the artificial application of water to land to assist in the production of crops
87. Mathematics – a systematic treatment of magnitude,relationships between figures and forms.
88. Unification of China -
89. Expansion of Islam
90. Eastern and Western religions
91. Buddhism
92. Hinduism
93. Christianity – Belief in Jesus being the son of God.
94. Confucianism
95. Islam – belief in Muhammad being the god of Islamic faith.
96. Judaism – the monotheistic religion of the Jews.
97. Shintoism – the indigenous religion of Japan, polytheistic in character.
98. geopolitical – the combination of geographic and political factors influencing or delineating a country or region.
99. toleration – an act or instance of tolerating.
100. monotheistic – belief in one god
101. polytheistic – belief in more than one god
102. medieval – style of the middle ages
103. Roman Catholic Church
104. Greek Orthodox
105. Brahmanism in India
106. Han China
107. Confucius
108. Eightfold Path
109. Five Pillars of Islam
110. Ten Commandments
111. tenets– any opinion,principle,doctrine,dogma,etc.
112. Constantinople
113. Byzantine Empire
114. Islamic World
115. Muhammad – God of Islamic beliefs
116.-Carolingian Dynasty
117.-Holy Roman Empire
118.-Ottoman Empire
119.-Mughal Empire
120.-Safavid Empire
121.-cultural institutions
122.-absolute power
123.-Early Middle Ages
124.-Middle Ages
125.-High Middle Ages
126.-Greco-Roman culture
127.-Germanic culture
128.-Holy Roman emperors
129.-feudalism – set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the 9th and 15th centuries.
130.-manorialism – essential element of the feudal society,was the organizing principle of rural economy
131.-pope – bishop/leader
132.-Crusades
133.-secular
134.-Cluniac Reforms
135.-common law – law developed by the judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals.
136.-Magna Carta
137.-conflict between pope and emperors
138.-Crusades – any of the military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th,12th,or13th centuries for the recovery of the holy land from the Muslims.
139.-religious schisms
140.-Hundred Years War
141.-nation-states
142.-royal authority
143-arable land
144-Muslim Agricultural Revolution - they started doing agricultural things after other countries influenced them through trade and crop growth.
145-Mesoamerican Ag. Revolution
146-Andean Agricultural Revolution
147-slash and burn farming – consists of cutting and burning of forests or woodlands to create fields for pasture,livestock,or crop purposes.
148-terrace farming – used by the Incas to level out the fields on a steep hillside.
149-Incas- a member of any of the dominant groups South American Indian peoples who established an empire in Peru prior to the Spanish Conquest.
150-chinampas – agriculture system used by the Aztecs
151-Aztecs – people with certain ethnic groups of central Mexico that usually speak Nahuatl Language.
152-feudal lords – a man of rank in the ancient Regime.
153-three-field system - crop rotation every few years. Two fields were cultivated while one was left to recover it's fertility.
154-enclosure movement - common rights were eliminated over time in Europe.
155-colonization – any one or more species populate an area.
156-manor system – many different houses and fields
157-classical learning-
158-religious reform-
159-global interaction-
160-Renaissance-
161-Reformation- the religious movement of the 16th and 17th centuries to reform the catholic church.
162-Catholic Reformation- the reform movement of the catholic church in the 16th and 17th centuries.
163-printing revolution-
164-printing press- a machine ,as a cylinder press or rotary press, for printing on paper or the like from type,plates,etc.
165-Italian city-states-
166-catalyst-
167-Northern Renaissance-renaissance in Northern Europe. Around the 1450's.
168-Southern Renaissance- reinvigoration of American Southern Literature that began in the 1920's and the 1930's.
169-absolutism- the principle or the exercise of complete and unrestricted power in government.
170-limited monarchy- a monarchy that is limited by laws and a constitution.
171-empires-a group of nations or peoples ruled over by an emperor,empress, or other powerful sovereign or government:: usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom.
172-impetus- a moving force;impulse;stimulus
173-physical boundaries-Boundaries that you can physical touch or see that keep you from going around them.
174-national monarchies- a supreme power held by one person over a nation.
175-parliamentary monarchies- a monarchy having a parliament.
176-Protestant Reformation- a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church.
177-Catholic Reformation-the reform movement of the roman catholic church in the 16th and 17th centuries
178-Treaty of Westphalia- the term Peace of Westphalia denotes a series of peace treaties signed between May and October of 1648 in Osnabruck and Munster.
179-Glorious Revolution- the revolution against James II.
180-English Bill of Rights-The act of the parliament of England in 1689.
181-English Civil War- between the Parliamentarians and the royalists under King Charles I (1644-1648)
182- Louis XIV- King of France (1643-1715) son of Louis XIII.
183-absolute monarchs- a monarchy that is not limited or restrained by laws or a constitution
184-Peter the Great-Czar of Russia (1682-1725)
185-Catherine the Great- Empress of Russia ( 1762-1796)
186-Catholic- a member of the catholic church
187-Protestant- a member of the protestant church
188-mercantilism – mercantile practices or spirit; commercialism
189-inflation – a persistent,substantial rise in the general level of prices related to an increase in the volume of money and resulting in the loss of value in currency.
190-rise of capitalism – economical system that is especially prevalent in the western world.
191-global interaction – interaction worldwide by different countries
192-economic competition – competition of different countries economies.
193-colonial possessions – owning buildings and making furniture in the 17th and 18th centuries.
194-interaction of people – people working and doing this together.
195-global travel – travel throughout the world
196-notoriety – the state,quality,or character of being notorious or widely known
197-western hemisphere
198-far east – the countries of East Asia which includes China,Korea,Japan, and other adjacent areas
199-Muslims – pertaining to the religion,law, or civilization of Islam.
200-Crusades – any of the military expeditions undertaken by the Christians of Europe in the 11th,12th,and 13th centuries
201-Mongol Empire – empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis khan
202-Genghis Khan – leader of the Mongol empire in the 12th century
203-epidemics – extremely prevalent,widespread
204-Black Death – a form of bubonic pledge that spread over Europe in the 14th century and killed an estimated quarter of the population
205-Colombian Exchange – exchange of goods throughout Colombia
206-conquistador - one of the Spanish conquerors of Mexico and Peru in the 16th century.
207-Triangular Trade- trade among three ports or regions usually included New England,Africa,and West Indies.
208-Middle Passage – trade across the Atlantic ocean to different countries
209-plantation colonies - colonies based on plantations
210-colonization – the act of bringing into subjection or subjugation by colonizing.
211-imperialism – the policy of extending the rule or authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries.
212-Age of Discovery – age of exploration ,was a period in history starting in the 15th century and continuing to the 17th century.
213-Prince Henry the Navigator – the navigational leader of his time
214-astrolabe – an astronomical instrument for taking the altitude of the sun or stars.
215-compass – an instrument for determining directions
216-caravel – a small Spanish or Portuguese sailing vessel of the middle ages and later.
217-navigation – the art or science of plotting,ascertaining,or directing the course of a ship,aircraft, or guided missile
218-naval warfare – warfare used by the navy.
219-Scientific Revolution – period when new ideas in physics,astronomy,biology,human anatomy,chemistry,etc.
220-Christopher Columbus – explorer that sailed to the Americas in 1492
221-Columbian Exchange – dramatically widespread exchange of animals,plants,human population( including slaves)
222-trans-Atlantic slave trade – enslavement and transportation, primarily of African citizens
223-indigenous peoples – ethnic groups of people that have historical ties to colonization or the formation of a nation-states.
224-societal settlement patterns – CORE CONCEPTS OF ARCHEOLOGY
225-colonial possessions – building or piece of furniture that was built or made in style that was popular in America in the 17th and 18th centuries.
226-identity imprinting – being able to be recognized by fingerprinting.
227-marine compass – in all positions this compass remains parallel to the floor
228-cannonry-the use of discharge of cannon; artillery
229-Arabic numerals – one of the numeral symbols; ex. 0,1,2,3,4,5 totally opposite of roman numerals.