...large scale industrialisation1; (2) the religious, occupational and regional background of industrialists to be; and (3) whether or not they belonged to a ‘minority’ group. While these patterns all led to the successful entry of Indian businessmen into large-scale industries, they differ in the explainable importance to be attributed to the different variables. This paper starts with a description of the entry of Marwari businessmen into the jute industry in Calcutta. This will be followed by the success of the Parsi community in the cotton industries of Bombay and finally the story of the Hindu industrialists in Ahmedabad. In the final section, these three patterns of industrialisation will be compared. 1.0 Introduction2 The social sciences have developed a plethora of explanations in describing the success -and to a far lesser extent the failure- of individual entrepreneurs as well as various business communities in World History. The most well known explanations and theories include: the concept of the stranger (Simmel); the spirit of capitalism (Weber); the innovator and the imitator (Schumpeter and Hoselitz); the collaborator (Gallagher and Robinson, in Louis) and the middlemen minorities (Bonacich and Dobbin).3 Despite these long and varied theoretical traditions, we are still unable to explain the why and how some families among indigenous middlemen minorities develop towards industrialists in colonial contexts, whereas others don’t. Simmel argues that migrant traders who...
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...Table of Contents 1. Brief History of The Indian Capital Market 3 2. Indices 4 3. Companies quoted 6 4. Rupee vs Dollar 7 1. Brief History of The Indian Capital Market The history of the capital market in India dates back to the eighteenth century, one of the oldest in Asia; When East India Company securities were traded in the country. Until the end of the nineteenth century securities trading was unorganized and the main trading centres were Mumbai and Calcutta. Of the two, Bombay was the chief trading centre wherein bank shares were the major trading stock During the American Civil War (1860-61). Bombay was an important source of supply for cotton. Hence, trading activities flourished during the period, resulting in a boom in share prices. This boom, the first in the history of the Indian capital market lasted for a half a decade. The bubble burst on July 1, 1865 when there was tremendous slump in share prices. Trading was at that time limited to a dozen brokers; their trading place was under a banyan tree in front of the Town hall in Mumbai. These stock brokers organized informal association in 1897 – Native Shares and Stock Brokers Association, Bombay. The Stock exchanges in Calcutta ad Ahmedabad also industrial and trading centers, came up later. The Bombay Stock Exchange was recognized in May 1927 under the Bombay Securities Contracts Control Act, 1925. The capital market was not well organized and developed during the British rule because the British...
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...Brief history of Indian Stock Market. The history of Indian stock market is about 200 years old. Prior to this the hundis and bills of exchange were in use, specially in the medieval period, which can be considered as a form of virtual stock trading but it was certainly not an organized stock trading. The recorded stock trading can be traced only after the arrival of East India Company. The first organized stock market that was governed by the rules and regulations came into the existence in the form of The Native Share and Stock Brokers' Association in 1875. After gone through numerous changes this association is today better as Bombay Stock Exchange, which remains the premier stock exchange since its inception. During this period several other exchanges were launched and some of which were closed also. Presently, there are 19 recognized stock exchanges out of which four are national level exchanges and the remaining are regional exchanges. National Stock Exchange, established in 1992, was the last exchange. Although the regional level exchanges are in existence the volume of trading in these exchanges is negligible. National Stock Exchange and Bombay Stock Exchange are the leaders of Indian Securities Market in terms of listing, trading and volumes. The last 15 years of the Indian securities market can be considered as the most important part of the history where the market gone through the post liberalization era of Indian economy and witnessed the formation of Securities and...
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...Independence 1857, as one of the most significant events of the history of Subcontinent. Both historians and fiction writers have drawn conclusions from diverse perspectives of the War. But still many of its facets seem to be enveloped in ambiguity. The role of press during the War is one of those dimensions which still need further exploration and analysis by the researchers and historians of today. This paper seeks to develop a causal relationship between the difference in Hindu-Muslim stance during the War and the role of Urdu and Persian newspapers in shaping the public opinion in general, and of Muslims of India in particular. The paper would also focus on the British attitude and actions against the ‘Native Press’ during and after the War, as one of the indicators of the impact and strength of this press. The reflections of the contents of some important newspapers would also be included to help in analyzing this press as main representative or spokesman of the Muslims of Subcontinent. ∗ ∗∗ Professor of Mass Communication & Dean, Faculty of Education and Humanities, University of Balochistan, Quetta. Professor of History & Director, Area Study Centre for Middle East, University of Balochistan, Quetta. 26 Pakistan Journal of History and Culture, Vol.XXX, No.1, 2009 Revisiting History The War of Independence, which was fought in 1857, is also said to be the beginning of a new era in the history of British India that ended in 1947. The last days of British rule...
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...“At the stroke of the midnight hour, when the world sleeps, India will awake to life and freedom. A moment comes, which comes but rarely in history, when we step out from the old to the new, when an age ends, and when the soul of a nation, long suppressed, finds utterance…”1 When the First Prime Minister of India, Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru, gave his speech, he must have been prepared with the various post-independence hurdles, the infant democracy would have to undergo. Certainly, India, exemplifies the phrase, ‘Unity in Diversity.’ It is thus, astonishing to see a country with innumerable divisions and differences, managed to stay united for the 65 years of independence it has seen. Post independence the main motive of the Indian Government was to ensure that the Indo-Pak partition incident isn’t repeated.2 as many as 136 small and large states were acceded to the Indian Union. The states were reintegrated soon to form the Union. However, people in various states have been from the time of independence, till date, extremely vocal of territorial autonomy and political independence. One such demand relates to the demand of ‘Reorganization of states’3 ethnic differences, and economical differences. This movement, thus led to what we see today, ‘The Union of India’, with 28 states and 7 Union territories. On the eve of independence on the basis of language, Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru’s speech, at the time of Independence...
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...Hollywood VS Bollywood Bombay is the largest city in world. Also its economic in power support Indian film industry become one of the largest movie market in world. With the support of the Indian Government and the movie industry. The Indian movie become popular all over the world and be accepted by people from different parts of the world. The unique Indian culture is also the reason making the bollywood movie dynamic. In another hand. Hollywood film has been an important part of our life by and by.and almost every people watched many Hollywood film. Like the Hollywood coverage of the American culture，the culture over the Hollywood culture exhibiton highlighted the gap between scholarly trends and popular understanding of history. The advantage of Bollywood film is that its story including the emotional elements which makes audience get touched easily. Besides，The Indian traditional dance and music in the film also consists the typical bollywood film. For example . An famous Indian movie “DDLJ” ，girl meets guys and girl begin to sing and dance inexplicably，hundred of people singing together ，the location from village in India transfer to the Alps in Switzerland Suddently. These are typical plots in Indian movie but its music and dance have attracted many audience. Give a example，“Bombay Dreams” telling a traditional love story. Even though its story is old fashioned but as a musical film，Its music have combined traditional Indian music and a lot of pieces of western...
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...PAST India is a Third-World Country. It is a developing economy. It started out as a mixed economy. However, Post 1991, India has been moving towards capitalism with gushing force. Liberalization and globalisation opened Indian economy. Opening up sectors for foreign direct investment (FDI) has attracted great investment and employment opportunities. Liberalizing FII (Foreign Institutional Investor) norms has helped in easy availability of capital. There has been an easy availability of loans. Our GDP growth reached 9 per cent. The real estate market is blooming. Our industrialists bag awards for the wealthiest persons in Asia and world. We are growing into the fastest economies of the world. But does this achievement take into account Gandhi’s talisman? Even after 60 years of independence we are unable to address the problems of poverty, education, housing, food, sanitation, etc. According to reliable economic sources, over 250 million people in India lives below the poverty line, over 300 million people are illiterate, there is a demand of millions of houses but most of it is not satisfied, almost 80 per cent of population in Mumbai lives in one bedroom-cum-drawing room house, over 25 per cent of our country’s population does not get clean water and proper sanitation. Most of the rural areas, which comprise almost 70 per cent population of India and include over 6.5 Lac villages, are under developed. The growth that we observe around us is lopsided, helping rich getting...
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...Indian Political and Economic History Stages of British Rule 1. What are the characteristics of the “First Stage “ of colonial rule in India? 2. How did East India gain by capturing political power in India? 3. Describe about early settlement Acts? 4. If one carefully studies the period of Indian history between 1757 and 1940 one finds clearly identifiable stages of British colonization each with its specific and distinguishable characteristics. Can you identify the main features of each stage with corresponding impacts on the Indian economy? 5. “The emergence of Industrial Britain resulted in De-industrialization and commercialization of Indian Agriculture in the early part of Nineteenth century”. Do you agree? Explain your conclusions. 6. Discuss the impact of the military and industrial revolutions upon India up to 1858. Which of these would you regard as more important? Industrial Revolution 1. The industrial revolution in the UK changed the nature of British interest in India. Comment. 2. How was the Indian economy affected by the change? 3. What role did opium play in that regard? 4. Would you attribute the origins of the industrial revolution to the inventive genius of the English people? Provide reasons for your answer. 5. Analyze the cause and conditions of the emergence of the factory system of production in Western Europe. What are the chief characteristics? Indian Business 1. Explain the difference in the process of industrialization of jute and...
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...Indian Political and Economic History Stages of British Rule 1. What are the characteristics of the “First Stage “ of colonial rule in India? 2. How did East India gain by capturing political power in India? 3. Describe about early settlement Acts? 4. If one carefully studies the period of Indian history between 1757 and 1940 one finds clearly identifiable stages of British colonization each with its specific and distinguishable characteristics. Can you identify the main features of each stage with corresponding impacts on the Indian economy? 5. “The emergence of Industrial Britain resulted in De-industrialization and commercialization of Indian Agriculture in the early part of Nineteenth century”. Do you agree? Explain your conclusions. 6. Discuss the impact of the military and industrial revolutions upon India up to 1858. Which of these would you regard as more important? Industrial Revolution 1. The industrial revolution in the UK changed the nature of British interest in India. Comment. 2. How was the Indian economy affected by the change? 3. What role did opium play in that regard? 4. Would you attribute the origins of the industrial revolution to the inventive genius of the English people? Provide reasons for your answer. 5. Analyze the cause and conditions of the emergence of the factory system of production in Western Europe. What are the chief characteristics...
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...LEGAL AND CONSTITUTIONAL HISTORY ASSIGNMENT BY, THAMIZHPARITHI K 14BLA1049 LEGAL EDUCATION AFTER INDEPENDENCE After independence the legal education transformed a lot in India. Independence made vast difference and rapid expansion in law in India. The Supreme Court has replaced the judicial committee of the Privy Council as the highest court in India. The High Courts are increased and the judges are also increased frequently. Law made crucial and vital role in the democratic society so not only the lawyers, the law teachers and the judges are concern about the Law and also the people who residing in our country. Law serve as the rules which is to be followed then it makes the economic and social change to the democratic country. The rule of law will be strengthened in India by promoting legal education and research in law. The lawyers are the pillars for the reformation of the society. The Constitution of India is the written guidelines for the lawyers. The Fundamental rights are the written human rights for the people so after enacting the Constitution of India in 1950 the Constitutional litigation increased. The socio-economic scene has also become active; with the ushering in of five year plans, great expansion of industry and commerce has taken place and a host of socio-economic laws have been enacted. Law is now being largely used by the people for their improvement socio-economic conditions. The public interest litigation become increased...
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...What is Print Media? * Print media - a medium that disseminates printed matter * Medium - a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information * Public press, Press - the print media responsible for gathering and publishing news in the form of newspapers or magazines * Journalism, News media - newspapers and magazines collectively * Saizdat , Underground Press - a system of clandestine printing and distribution of dissident or banned literature Definition * The industry associated with the printing and distribution of news through newspapers and magazines. * Print media is one of the oldest and basic forms of mass communication. It includes newspapers, weeklies, magazines, monthlies and other forms of printed journals PRINT MEDIA IN INDIA * Printing technology came to India in 1556. By-Jesuit priests * The first newspaper in India was published in 1780 * The first book printed in India was in Portugese language in Old Goa. It was Doctrina Christa by St. Francis Xavier. * The variety ethnic in india is one of factors the increasing of mass media in a various language * The contribution of print media in providing information and transfer of knowledge is remarkable and has the advantage of making a longer impact on the minds of the reader, with more in-depth reporting and analysis. * The emergence of online media does not effect the requirement of print media, otherwise it generates the development of the...
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...OVERVIEW OF THE INDUSTRY: Printing is a process for reproducing text and images, typically with ink on paper using a printing press. It is often carried out as a large scale industrial process, and is an essential part of publishing and transaction printing. Indian print media is one of the largest print media in the world. The history of it started in 1780, with the publication of the Bengal of Gazette from Calcutta. James Augustus Hickey is considered as the “father of Indian press” as he started the first Indian newspaper from Calcutta, the Calcutta General Advertise or the Bengal Gazette in January, 1780. In 1789, the first newspaper from Bombay, the Bombay Herald appeared, followed by the Bombay Courier next year (this newspaper was later amalgamated with The Times of India in 1861). The first newspaper in an Indian language was the Samachar Darpan in Bengali. The first issue of the daily was published from the Serampore Mission Press on May 23, 1818. In the same year, Ganga Kishore Battacharya started publishing another newspaper in Bengali, the Bengal Gazzeti. On July 1, 1822 the first Gujarati newspaper the Bombay Samachar was published from Bombay, which is still extant. The first Hindi newspaper, the Samachar Sudha Varshan began in 1854.Since then, the prominent Indian languages in which paper have grown over the years are Hindi, Marathi, Malayalam, Kannada, Tamil, Telugu, Urdu and Bengali. The Indian language papers have taken over the English press as per the latest...
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...What Is Stock Market?? A stock market or equity market is the aggregation of buyers and sellers (a loose network of economic transactions, not a physical facility or discrete entity) of stocks (also called shares); these may include securities listed on a stock exchange as well as those only traded privately. What Is Stock Exchange?? A stock exchange is a place or organization by which stock traders (people and companies) can trade stocks. Companies may want to get their stock listed on a stock exchange. Other stocks may be traded "over the counter", that is, through a dealer. A large company will usually have its stock listed on many exchanges across the world.[4] Exchanges may also cover other types of security such as fixed interest securities or indeed derivatives. The Indian Securities Contracts (Regulation) Act of 1956, defines Stock Exchange as, "An association, organization or body of individuals, whether incorporated or not, established for the purpose of assisting, regulating and controlling business in buying, selling and dealing in securities." Difference Of Stock Market And Stock Exchange The stock market represents the companies that list equity shares for public investors to buy and sell. Stock exchanges are the infrastructure that facilitate the trading of those equity securities, or stocks. Without a stock exchange, companies would have no formal mechanism on which to list shares, and without a stock market, exchanges would have no reason to exist. Stock...
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...The Free Radio Salman Rushdie Salman Rushdie is a writer and was born in Bombay on June 19’th 1947. He went to a school in Bombay and read later on History at King’s College and at Cambridge. After graduating, he lived in Pakistan with his family. He worked briefly in the television business before he returned back to England. He began to work as a copywriter for an advertising agency. His published his first novel, Grimus in 1975. Introduction For my Individual Oral Presentation I have chosen the short story "The Free Radio" in the book "East West" by Salman Rushdie. The various stories in East West are largely similar in their extravagant and far-fetched plots however "The Free Radio" reflects a true occurrence in Indian History. A symbol is something such as an object, picture, written word, sound, or particular mark that represents something else by association, resemblance, or convention. For example, a red octagon may stand for "STOP". In "The Free Radio", the importance and focus on the free radio from the protagonist and narrator results in readers being able to observe the various symbols which the free radio adopts and thus allows readers to see beyond its literal meaning to its intended symbolism for better understanding of the text and the messages in which it holds. Young, handsome Ramani- the protagonist of the story was unfortunate enough to fall in love with the "Thief's Widow" The introduction of the decision Ramani made to "Rob himself of his manhood" comes...
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...M.A. Social Work (Previous) FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work - 50 Paper S1: 02 Psychosocial Dynamics of Human Behavior - 50 Paper S1: 03 Methods of Working with People: Micro-Approaches - 50 Paper S1: 04 Social Welfare Administration - 50 Paper S1: 05 Research Methodology - 50 Paper S1: 06 Man & Society - 50 Paper S1: 07 Concurrent Field work three days in a week - 50 Total - 350 SECOND SEMESTER Paper S2: 01 Approaches and fields of Social Work - 50 Paper S2: 02 Human Growth and Development - 50 Paper S2: 03 Methods of working with People: Macro Approaches - 50 Paper S2: 04 Management of NGO’s and Disaster Relief Services - 50 Paper S2: 05 Statistics and Computer Application - 50 Paper S2: 06 Dynamics of Socio-Political Institutions and Organizations - 50 Paper S2: 07 Concurrent Field work (three days in a week) -50 Total - 350 M.A. in Social Work (Part-I) Preamble: 1. There shall be six theory papers of 50 marks each and field work of 50 marks as paper seventh out of 50 marks, 38 marks shall be devoted to semester paper and 12 marks shall be fixed for class/home assignments. 2. The format of the theory paper shall be the same as it is being following by the university. 3. Evaluation procedure shall be as per university norms. FIRST SEMESTER Paper S1: 01 History and Philosophy of Social Work (50) Unit – I Meaning, objectives and scope of social work; Role...
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