...The History of the Geology of the North-East of England. Geology is known most simply as the study of rocks. On the surface this seems a very dull concept, but by looking deeper into geological principles and processes, fascinating information can be revealed about the world we currently inhabit and how it has developed over time. The north east of England, in particular, is of great interest to to geologists, in this essay it is assumed to encompass, the counties of Northumberland, Tyne and Wear, County Durham and Tess Valley. Studying the processes that have shaped and changed the earthʼs surface and sub-surface, makes it possible to place major geological events on a timescale, dating back approximately 4600 million years (Ma). The development of radioactive dating, along with the study of prehistoric life, stratigraphy and structural geology has had a major impact on the accuracy and detailing of this timescale. The earth consists of four main layers that lie in concentric circles: the innermost layer being a solid inner core, followed a liquid core, the mantle and the upper crust. It is an active planet and changes in its lithosphere: its crust and upper most mantle, are constantly occurring due to a fundamental geological cycle, this is known as the rock cycle. A combination of plate tectonics and the water cycle, drive the rock cycle, both of which, force rocks out of their equilibrium conditions, subjecting them to unfamiliar environments and causing a change in their...
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...This eventually worsened matters, especially when many colonists were constantly fighting off Indian tribes who were in alliance with the French. In fact, nearly every Indian tribe had ties to the France, excluding the Iroquois tribe due to the fear imposed by the British (History, 2014). As previously stated, the Seven Years War officially began in 1756 when France and England, for the first time, engaged in full-blown warfare. What made this war so significant were the alliances formed, which included England and Prussia, and France and Austria, countries who would have never joined forces in the past (Brinkley, 2012). In 1957, one year after the war began, England was struggling and defeat became quite common for the country. As a result, William Pitt was appointed to fix the problems England was facing in the war. Almost immediately, Pitt announced that the war in America was completely under British rule. Because the casualty count was so high, he decided to engage in impressment meaning that the colonists were basically forced to join the British army. Furthermore, the colonists were obligated by law to supply, feed, and provide shelter to British soldiers. Because so many Americans were fed up with England and their lack of support at the beginning of the war, hundreds of thousands of colonists began to revolt against the new policy, which nearly put a momentary stop to the war. In 1758, Pitt realized the important role the American colonists had played in foreign...
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...“England and Japan” England and Japan both, which are island nations, have a lot of difficult obstacles, which they must over come to be stable and successful nations. Both shares a rich and vibrant history but on opposite ends of the planet. They both import and export a wide variety of items from different industries. Each island nation has its own special geographic features that are unique to their own nation. England and Japan that they are on two separates sides of the world makes them vastly different in history, geographic features and exports. England, which is an island country that makes up the lower third of the United Kingdom, has geographic features that range from grass plains to mountains. Towards the south of the island you will find more of grasslands, farms, flatlands, and a hilly environment. Then if you more north of island you’ll find a rockier, mountainous environment where you find a bit less wildlife because this area is considered tundra due to the lack of rainfall in this area. While if you take a look at Japan it also is an island country but it doesn’t range in geographic features as widely as England. Japan is really limited to about two major geographic features. These features are a mostly mountain, which makes up about 70% of Japan’s land. The other major feature would be plains, which are far, and few between. Japans has a lot of different imports and exports because like England they are a island nation which lacks some resources exports...
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...seven + realm) is a collective name applied to the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of south, east, and central Great Britain during late antiquity【ænˈtɪkwɪti】古代: and the early Middle Ages, conventionally identified as seven: Northumbria, Mercia, East Anglia, Essex, Kent, Sussex and Wessex. The Anglo-Saxon kingdoms eventually unified into the Kingdom of England. The term has been in use since the 16th century, but the initial idea that there were seven Anglo-Saxon kingdoms is attributed to the English historian Henry of Huntingdon in the 12th century and was first used in his Historia Anglorum.[1] The heptarchy did not consider any of the Sub-Roman Brythonic realms such as Elmet, Rheged, Strathclyde, Ebrauc, Bryneich and Gododdin, and during the same period, what are now Ireland, Scotland and Wales were also divided into comparable petty kingdoms. |Contents | |[hide] | |1 Unification | |2 Anglo-Saxon England heptarchy | |2.1 Other minor kingdoms and territories | |3 Attributed Arms | |4 See also ...
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...In history there has been a multitude of leaders who obtain a helping, strong, and independent nation; there has also been leaders who do not fulfill the “perfect leader.” One man who has successfully governed England, to the fullest of his abilities goes down in history today, this man is, King Henry VIII. On June 28, 1491, Henry Tudor, King Henry VIII, was born in Greenwich Palace, in London, England. Henry was born to an affectionate family that delivered six other children, but only four children survived: Arthur, Margaret, Mary, and Henry. Henry VIII’s brother, Arthur, was the eldest of the Tudor family and Arthur’s father would bequeath his position and the royal title to Arthur. When Arthur reached the age of fifteen he passed away leaving the right to the throne to he younger brother, Henry VIII. King Henry VIII was only ten-years-old when he was appointed king of England. He eventually married his first wife, Catherine of Aragon, who was once betrothed to Arthur, his oldest brother. Catherine, being the daughter of the Spanish king and queen, was a contributing factor as to why Henry agreed to join Catherine in matrimony, for Henry could remain in relations with Spain (Ford 18). Catherine and King Henry VIII gave birth to a daughter, Mary. This was unacceptable to King Henry because he anticipated continuing his family’s name on the throne for generations to come, he would need to conceive a son to take his spot as king once he was deceased. The Catholic Church doesn’t...
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...AP Modern European History 3 February 2015 Affects of Industrialization The Industrial Revolution was a time that transformed England into a powerhouse, which dominated Europe by advancing technology to expand profits and businesses. Economies once based on manual labor, later became overpowered by machine manufacture. England’s incredible inventors of the time made technological advancements in agriculture, transportation, and more. The incredible Industrial Revolution marked a turning point in history, which changed England economically, socially, and politically. During the late 18th century and early 19th century new farming methods produced a vast amount of food, medical advancements lowered the death rates, and by 1850 the population reached an unbelievable 30 million people. Not to mention, Great Britain had the most advanced system of banking the world had ever seen at this time. These qualities helped England develop an incredible textile industry that would challenge the world. The textile industry was beginning to rise due to the fact that the demand for cotton was at its peak; this led to entrepreneurs creating new methods of spinning and weaving cotton: such as Hargreaves’s Spinning Jenny and Cartwright’s power loom. Not only was England dominating in spinning and weaving cotton, but also James Watt patented the first steam engine in 1769, which quickly replaced waterpower in textile factories and led to England’s iron economy. Watt’s famous Steam Engine...
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...Sport in England 1. Introduction 3 2. History of Sport in England 3 2.1. Development of Sport in England 3 2.2. Traditions 3 2.2.1. The Royal Shrovetide Football 3 2.2.2. Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake 3 2.2.3. The Boat Race 3 3. Pub Sports 3 3.1. History 3 3.2. Bowls 3 3.3. Skittles 3 3.4. Darts 3 3.5. Cue Sports 3 3.5.1. History 3 3.5.2. 8-Ball 3 3.5.3. Snooker 3 4. England and the Olympic Games 3 4.1. Olympic Triumphs of England/ Great Britain 3 4.2. Olympic Games on English Ground 3 4.2.1. 1908 Summer Olympics in London 3 4.2.2. 1948 Summer Olympics in London 3 4.2.3. London 2012 3 5. Golf 3 5.1. History 3 5.2. Famous English Golf Players 3 5.3. Golf in England Today 3 6. Tennis 3 6.1. History 3 6.2. Great English Tennis Players 3 6.3. Tennis in the English Society Today 3 7. Cricket 3 7.1. History of Cricket 3 7.2. Rules 3 7.3. Cricket Idols 3 8. Rugby 3 8.1. History 3 8.2. The Six Nation Championship 3 8.3. Rugby in England Today 3 9. Football 3 9.1. History 3 9.2. English Football Today 3 9.3. Famous English Football Stadiums 3 9.4. Famous English Football Players 3 9.4.1. Sir Bobby Charlton 3 9.4.2. Sir Geoff Hurst 3 9.4.3. Heroes in the Recent Past 3 10. Conclusion 3 11. References 3 1. Introduction The following paper deals with sport in England. Because of the wide range of this topic, this paper will just go into some interesting subjects of English sport....
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...Catholic Church controlled a large portion of the political, social, and religious influence in Europe. During this century individuals within the Church were looking towards a more pure and simple Christian lifestyle, but in doing so would have to work against the Church. England, in comparison to the rest of Europe, was more so isolated and distant and while Protestantism grew in the European society it took a far different shape in England. This was because England retained much of the principles and the practices of Catholicism. In addition, whilst the Reformation that took place in Europe was brought on by religious differences and ideals, its basis in England was one of personal and political change. The Reformation in England was centuries in the making and resulted from many merging forces. It was in the 1530’s that the statutes of Henry VIII began to collate an official break from the papal authority of Rome. The 16th century proved to be a boisterous period in the history of England. The uncertainty associated with the stability and religious beliefs of the government were crucial factors in the unclear identity of England until the 1600's. As is often the case with defining periods in history, timing was of grave importance as centuries of Catholic corruption collided with the beginnings of a religious debate all across Europe. The increasing need for an English heir to the throne manifested in the strong will of King Henry VIII. The English Reformation was driven...
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...each different model creates a different type of narrative, one is not inherently better than another. The decorative model discusses the ways in which Jewish objects can be interpreted as art, specifically focusing on visual elements of the objects and not paying explicit attention to the religious and historical context. The religious model seeks to educate people (specifically non-Jewish people) about the Jewish religion by displaying objects in a way which explores the function in relation to religious ceremonies. The historical model explores a combination of religious context and cultural context in order to create a well-rounded documentation of Jewish history. All though each of these models showcases Jewish objects in very different ways, they all have the underlying goal of wanting to display and preserve the history of the Jewish people as well as educate others on the lives of Jewish people. One of the many models of display for the presentation of...
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...The Present and Forward The Parthenon marbles are works of art taken from the Acropolis of Athens by Lord Elgin and brought to England while Greece was under the control of the Ottoman Empire.. Lord Elgin received permission from the Sultan to remove the statues at a price less than what it takes to transport them. Money was not the main motive for Elgin in acquiring them, there were wealthy bidders who attempted to buy them from him but he refused. Once in England many found a great interest in them as well as controversy. Elgin was tried for theft even though Greece's contemporary law had allowed him to remove them. The charges could not hold up in court and he was eventually and rightfully exonerated. After falling into dept Elgin had little choice in but to the British government. I firmly believe the statues should remain in Britain, the opposition might claim that the Greeks have a cultural right to them. But as Appiah argued in chapter 7, the Greeks of the 21st century are no culturally similar to the ancient Greeks than someone in the U.S. They are the descendents of the ancient Greeks after all, but that does not take history into account. The people of Greece only exist today as a result of the past good or bad. Ancient Greece is known for its militant and philosophical way of life; they gained large amounts of wealth from war; should the current Greeks return whatever they can identify as having been gained from war? I don't think they should, instead of living...
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...HISTORY The history of the development of modern badminton is a very long and complex one. Below is a brief account of the history of the game. Origins of the Game The sport of badminton has its origins in ancient civilizations in Europe and Asia. The ancient game known as battledore (bat or paddle) and shuttlecock probably originated more than 2000 years ago. In the 1600s Battledore and Shuttlecock was an upper class pastime in England and many European countries. Battledore and Shuttlecock was simply two people hitting a shuttlecock backwards and forwards with a simple bat as many times as they could without allowing it to hit the ground. Badminton House Badminton takes its name from Badminton House - home of the Duke of Beaufort in the English county of Gloucestershire. In 1873, the Duke is credited with bringing a version of the game – Poona - back from India and introducing it to his guests. Getting organised The sport quickly grew in popularity and in 1877 the first set of written rules were devised by the newly formed Bath Badminton Club. The Badminton Federation of England was created 16 years later and in 1899 it organised the first All England Championships. Olympic history Badminton made its debut as a demonstration sport at the 1972 Olympic Games in Munich. It was not until the 1992 Games in Barcelona that it was officially included on the Olympic programme, with men’s and women’s singles and doubles events. The mixed doubles event made its debut in...
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...be Free Tales of conquest and triumphs are critical subjects that make up the history of England. Western expansion and the spreading of the culture is read about in almost all history textbooks. While these conquests and expansions are taking place, there are other challenges and conflicts that arise. Not all of the colonials may have the same viewpoint on cultural colonization. Some may choose to rebel against the colonizers and others will have a passive response and assimilate to the situation. On Seeing England for the First Time reflects the conflicts and other forms of challenges that are brought up by the post-colonials. Eurocentrism is inflicted and shoved down the throat of Kincade as she is taught to believe she is inferior because the English have wiped out her native culture and that gave birth to the challenges that come along with cultural colonization that make her life discolored and tormented....
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...Russell Lytle Professor Jordan History 440 December 13th, 2011 Different Strokes for Different Folks The hunter has now become the hunted. For centuries during the age of the Roman Republic and Empire, citizens of Rome knew that north of the Alps resided longhaired, thick-bearded, untamed races of Germanic peoples that Romans, both pleb and aristocrat eloquently referred to as barbarians. These naked savages to the north had shown they could defeat the mighty Roman Empire repeatedly by using tactics the Roman legions were not accustomed to, and superior knowledge of their home terrain. The Battle of the Teutoburg Forrest and the failed conquest of Briton perfectly illustrate the capability of these so-called barbarians. In addition, as the empire declined, the Germanic tribes to the north made a habit of brutaly raiding and pillaging Italian towns and cities. However, after the Western Roman Empire collapsed the people of Gaul and Germania, once enemies of Rome, became its heirs. Over three centuries following the fall of Rome, the once “barbaric” tribes that had occupied Western Europe now seemed domesticated. The Carolingian dynasty, predominantly under Charlemagne, formed a new Holy Roman Empire, and the modern states of France and Germany were begging to take shape. This along with a widespread devotion to the religion of Christianity, intermarrying of Romans and Franks, an increase of literacy rates, and an improving climate saw the Western Europeans become as civilized...
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...John Smith. Smith was an Englishman who knew how to fight on land and sea. His ship arrived and sailed up a large river, the James, which they named after their king. When Smith set sail from England he and his crew thought they would find gold in the new land. But, that was not to be the case (Thompson, p. 14-15). Jamestown was built near a swamp. This swamp contained brackish water which meant it was both fresh and saltwater. Many people became ill from drinking this water. Then, they started dying due to starvation, disease, and the hot weather. Let’s not forget they had to contend with the Indians, as well. But, Smith learned from Raleigh’s mistakes at Roanoke and came to the new land better prepared. He even learned some Algonquian language (Thompson, p. 15). While at Jamestown Smith knew how to trade with the Indians. One of them was with Chief Powhatan, leader of the Powhatans, who spoke the Algonquian language. Powhatan...
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...head of our noble family and is in great prominence with the King of France. To commemorate the completion of the king’s new cathedral, my cousin wishes to chronicle the history of our glorious province of Normandy from its beginning in 911 to the current year. My cousin put me in charge of this task, so it is up to me to portray the history of Normandy and its people for the king. During this time European people began to advance economically, politically, and socially. Advancements in agriculture allowed the people to produce enough food to support the growing population. A feudal system began to take place that would shape Europe for history. Through these changing times, Normandy was a central focus for multiple nations. . (Brohpy, Cole, Robertson, and et al 350-353) Normandy is a province in North Western France, and the history of it begins with the conquest of England. After the Danish king Canute died, Edward the confessor took power over England. However, Edward did not have any children leading to a dispute over who would be his heir. The Anglo-Saxons decided to pick one of their own to be the heir. Harold Godwinson became the new king but he was quickly challenged but others who also believed they had claims to the throne. Harold Hardradi of Norway was the first challenge. He landed in Northern England with an army ready to take the throne. He, however, was defeated by Godwinson at the battle of Stamford Bridge. This victory was to be short-lived because he would soon...
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