...The cycle of supervisory functions includes planning, organizing, staffing, influencing and controlling. Each function includes its own set of tasks or responsibilities. However, the functions are interrelated and are usually continuous. In other words, as a supervisor is controlling one facet of the organization, he or she may be planning another facet or activity. The stages of change model is based on the notion that employees will not change their behavior or actions overnight. Making allowances for employees to work through the various stages, such as consideration and Acceptance, involved planning. As employees are not expected to change behaviors overnight, Planning may include designed a training program that allows employees to be introduced to a concept or activity gradually, with an initial exposure and future practice sessions. Organizing may involve considering how and when to initiate the change. Organizing will consider time lines for employees to move through the various stages, with expected dates for the desired behavior to become a natural part of the work day. However, it may also require some flexibility, built into the time line or into a training program. Staffing may involve consideration for the potential employees, who are able to change or show a willingness to do things differently. The supervisor may consider hiring those who indicate flexibility, over those who are inflexible or biased in their methods. Those who are less flexible may also be...
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...The Curse The Curse - Time, point of view, symbolism and figurative language by Nicki Time Looking at the “time” in any kind of literature, is to be viewed at, in two different ways. First there’s the level of events, which describes what happens in the story, as it actually happens. It’s a chronological timeline if you want to say so. Then there’s the level of thoughts, making room for flashbacks, flash forwards in a timeline. In “The Curse” the level of events and level of thoughts follow each other most of the way. So if I put up a timeline, they would be very alike. The timeline for the level of events starts out with our main character Mitchell, is in the bar a late night in august, when a group of young men, probably affected by drugs, enters the bar. After the “last call” a girl enters the bar, asking for some change for the cigarette automat. The men begin to rape this girl, and when Mitchell tries to call the police, he’s being shoved. The next thing that happens is, that the police arrives and start to treat the girl and interrogate Mitchell about what had happened. When the police are gone, Mitchell is in the bar alone with Bob (who’s the manager of the bar). Mitchell gets home, and sits by himself until his wife joins him while he start to tell what had happened. The next day he tells his children about the incident and goes to work, where he talks with Reggie, a customer. To the level of thoughts, Mitchell starts in the bar after the police have left...
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...understanding of a period of history. There is our traditional Gregorian timeline, the prophet timeline, and the pagan timeline. They all tell us about events in a whole different format, so to speak. The Gregorian timeline that we are all familiar with, tell us everything that happened in any given event, in order. Everything is detailed in the way that all events are easily laid out in a line. We use this as we believe the life of the world is laid out with a beginning and end. We believe everything started at one point, it goes through history, and then abruptly ends at the end of the line. This is the common thought of Christians and such throughout history. However, the prophet timeline is a little different. It is somewhat similar to the Gregorian timeline, but not quite. The one key difference between the two is when something big and bad happens like the fall of a kingdom or black age of a people, the prophet timeline shows that. The timeline goes backwards a little bit when something like that happens, and then starts forward again. Now, the Pagan timeline is different than both of these. This timeline goes in a circle. The timeline shows more important events that repeat themselves. The pagan timeline shows everything repeating like reincarnation. Where time spins like the earth, constantly, without beginning or end. It’s a very interesting way of looking at things. All three of these timelines show different philosophies of time. Different ways of looking...
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...Clarification is the skill we use to ensure that we have understood the message of the speaker in an interpersonal exchange. When using clarification follow these guidelines to help aid communication and understanding. * Admit if you are unsure about what the speaker means. * Ask for repetition. * State what the speaker has said as you understand it, and check whether this is what they really said. * Ask for specific examples. * Ask if you have got it right and be prepared to be corrected. * Use open, non-directive questions - if appropriate. Open Questions If your role is to assist a speaker to talk about an issue, often the most effective questioning starts with 'when', 'where', 'how' or 'why'. These questions encourage speakers to be open and expand on their thoughts. As a teenager my father would tell me not to come home late. It seemed my idea of late and his idea of late were different because no matter what time I came home-I was late! When I finally asked him what time he expected me home he refused to name an hour. I never met his expectation because he assumed I would know what late meant. Unfortunately, this was typical of his communication style. I solved it by leaving home at an early age. Don’t make leaving the option of choice for your team. Be clear, confirm understanding and make the outcome possible. Anil: Problem: Failure to clarify the desired results assuming the outcome is understood. Management is often working within a...
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...The earth is known to be old, but what is the truth of how old is the earth. There is scientific evidence of how old it is, some would say it’s Billions of years and some would say Thousands of years old. There is a lot of factors like rocks layers, plants, animals, sun, moon and many more facts that can predict how many years has the earth been around. But to find the truth if it’s a Billions of years or Thousands of years we would have to compare the two and even look into scientist discovering facts. Or do we go off the what God has created and the Bibles authors? When we read about how or what makes the earth Billions of years? There was a Geologic time scale that was invented in 1800’s. Within this invention, this scale was only to find the geologic ages, with out the information of periods or events. By this we believe the earth was formed about 4 billions years ago. This dates have been proven by analyzing samples of rocks , solar systems, and minerals. Scientist have collaborated and scientifically giving proves of objects, like how old it the oldest rock on earth or the oldest mineral and where did it come from. Material (Oldest earth rock), Age (4.0 billion years), and Methods (radiometric) our how the geologic scale combinations of specific source that tell the what scientist have documented and dated there sources. These are examples of why some assume the age of the earth is a billion years old. One big scientists believer was James Hutton studied...
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...One of the most significant biological debates of this generation regards the possibility of a forthcoming, human-induced mass extinction event and what it’s effects would be upon the evolution rate of species. In the search for understanding this possibility and its effects, scientists must look to the past where it is widely accepted that there have been 5 previous periods of mass extinction. The term ‘mass extinction event’ is defined as any period when abnormally large numbers of species die out simultaneously or within a limited time frame. Such occurrences have been observed at 5 places in history- the Ordovician-Silurian, Late Devonian, Permian, Triassic Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. What was the cause of these extinction periods? Well... no one can say for sure. Although there are a number of plausible hypotheses, the sheer amount of time and space between today and the events in question makes it very difficult to place a theory as anything more than conjecture. In saying this, it is known that these cataclysms were random occurrences and not caused by the actions of any one single species. The extinction of species is not normally considered an important element of Neodarwinian theory, in contrast to the opposite phenomenon, speciation. In the wake of mass extinction periods, the fossil records provide an accurate and reliable source of information invaluable to the study of evolution. Today, there is evidence mounting to suggest that the sixth mass extinction...
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...EN1320 Final Research Paper | The Lord God took the man and put him in the Garden of Eden to work it and keep it. (Gen. 2:15, Revised Standard Version) In the beginning man was given the responsibility for keeping the earth. As good care takers it’s our responsibility to ensure the survival of all the animals and plants on earth. The earth is made up of elements, and within those elements are the countless numbers of species, each interwoven within the fabric of life itself. The effects of man on the environment have a negative reaction to all other species. Studies of earth’s history show mass extinction events. Scientist project we are living within such an event. The world is heading toward imminent mass species extinction. A healthy earth may not be possible due to the irreversible effect brought on my man. Endangered plants and animals face the risk of becoming extinct, disappearing completely from the world of living things. Human survival has had such an effect on all other species around them. Hunting, fishing, or gathering may have reduced the populations of many species to levels too low for the species to survive, especially when there is a profitable trade in goods made from wild animals and plants. (Current Issues, 2010) The Earth should be big enough of all plants and animals to thrive but according to the American Association for the Advancement of Science, humans are using about half the available land. (Wilson, 2012) The American Association...
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...In today’s world we have the law enforcement of all levels that protect and serve the people from and all acts of violence, theft and any other crime committed against one another. When a dead beat father leaves his baby’s mothers because he doesn’t want to own up to the responsibility we have a legal court system that gives that women right to child support. In today’s world we have what’s called a due process that is provide and individual, company a state justice. Whenever there has been some wrong doing our country now has a system to reclaim justice to the victim. This system of justice originated from a Babylonian King. King Hammurabi’s code would lay the foundation of justice for the people for generation to come after him. Before the greatness of Babylon in early Mesopatamia there was the III dynasty of Ur. The founder and king of the Ur dynasty Ur-Nammu ruled from 2113 - 2096 BC. “King Ur- Nammau was very involved in the rebuilding of his dynasty in agriculture and re- establishing civil order and security. King Ur-nammu would be succeeded by his son Shugli that ruled from 2096 -2048 BC. King Shulgi was very skilled in hunting and was an expert in military tactics” (Woolley 53). King Shugli would then have two sons to succeed him and take the crown unfortunately they had a very difficult maintaining the dynasty and as the legal and administration began to fall apart so did the dynasty and it would be reduced to a small city state. With...
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...Synopsis: Hiring for Mr. Arthur Andersen is real a big mistake to the company due to his misconduct about preparing financial statements. Mr. Keneth lay as the head did not check all the papers he was signing due to its trust to Mr. Anderson. And because of that, the latter got that opportunity to falcificate documents and other malicious work with the financial statements. Due to their increasing dept., company even hides the true result of financial statements to portray it was favorable. They’re transparency in preparing is not acted. They have thought they can resolve their financial problem. Due to the undetailed inquiries of Mr. Lay about it account assistant, it lead to company bankruptcy. Recommendations: Own Opinion and suggestions. 1. Being the Head of a certain company it’s his duty to check and monitor the work of each employee not most of the time. 2. Mr. Lay shouldn’t be focus on one problem but try to be flexible in other so that monitoring if more effective. 3. An accountant must always have that kind of ethics and principles of doing his work not only for his benefit but to the client. 4. Trying to hide the problem from the constituents is more risky that to ask them the solutions of every problem specially in minimizing the operating expense without affecting the operation much. 5. Hiring employee must be well supervised specially for the accounting department. 6. Head must also monitor the activity of the business in the market. 7. Managing...
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...1. Which segment of its operations got Enron into difficulties? The segment of its operations that got Enron into trouble was Kopper and Dodson creating a series of limited partnerships and limited companies through which to operate their interests, but Kopper had no outside investor at risk. 3. Did Enron’s directors understand how profits were being made in this segment? Why or why not? I do not think Enron’s directors understood how profits were being made in this segment. They were unable to rely on the information they were receiving or on Enron’s company policies being followed. Management was out of control. 5. Ken Lay was the chair of the board and the CEO for much of the time. How did this probably contribute to the lack of proper governance? The CEO should have knowledge of what is going on with his business at all times. They should get a report of the company’s revenue daily, and Ken Lay should have noticed that the revenue was overstated. 6. What aspects of the Enron governance system failed to work properly, and why? The aspect of the Enron governance system that failed to work properly was the accounting firm. Their primary function was to assure that the company was accurately and completely disclosing its financial results and condition. 9. Identify conflicts of interests in: • SPE activities- Enron used several SPE’s to hide debt and overstate equity and earnings • Arthur Andersen’s activities- Management got the idea for some of their most creative...
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...BUS 410 Moritz Straube, Mario Pacheco, Alex Rutherford, Haitham Al Najjar Prof. Bresciani P & G Case Study Mount Everest Humans often feel the need to conquer Earth and explore it to the fullest. Among the biggest challenges the planet has for humans, stands the quest to climb Mount Everest. At almost 9,000 meters above sea level, in between Nepal and Tibet, the quest to climb Mount Everest has become the point of no return for some climbers and the ultimate conquest for other climbers. Since May 29, 1953 up to December 1996, 846 persons had conquered successfully Mount Everest Climbing Mount Everest became available to the public through entrepreneurs who were visionary enough to apply their passion to their profits in the year of 1996. Such is the case of Hall, founder of Adventure Consultants and Fischer, founder of Mountain Madness; each one of them had a passion for climbing and a vision for profit from leading teams to the top of Mount Everest, the summit. Together they both lead the largest commercial expeditions. Their experiences of their journey, which began in May 6, 1996, can be used to discuss different aspects of international organizational behavior. Leadership, communication, organizational structure, and visualization are key aspects of organizational behavior for businesses worldwide which are also related to the quest of conquering Mount Everestf. Hall and Fischer began as leaders of their organizations. Their climbing experiences are...
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...Case Study of IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge In 1995, IKEA met a problem that its main supplier, Indian rugs, used the child labor to produce products, although they had signed an attachment of the contract to ban employing child labor. In addition, a German documentary maker was about to broadcast the problem of child labor on German television and also invited an employee from IKEA to have a live discussion in the TV program. Marianne Barner, the leader of IKEA, must find a great solution to this serious issue to both save her business and the corporation’s brand image. In this issue, IKEA was not the one who produced products, so they might not realize the use of child labor in the process of production. In addition, child labor did not attract lots of attention from the society at that time, so they did not pay attention to the use of child labor when they were finding their suppliers. However, they sold terminal products so they were to blame. As a result, Marianne had to make several decisions, respectively about whether IKEA should accept the invitation to join the TV program, how to deal with the broken contract with Rangan Exports, how to deal with the child labor on the long term and whether IKEA should use Rugmark. To address this problem and make these decisions, IKEA has four choices. One is that IKEA could utilize its own relationship with its suppliers to solve the issue. The second choice for IKEA is to invite Rugmark Foundation on its behalf to monitor the...
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...Hitting the Wall: Nike and International Labor Practices Synopsis of The Situation Based in Beaverton, Oregon, Nike had been a corporate success story for more than three decades. It was a sneaker company, but one armed with an inimitable attitude, phenomenal growth, and the apparent ability to dictate fashion trends to some of the world’s most influential consumer. Selling a combination of basic footwear and street-smart athleticism, Nike pushed its revenues from a 1972 level of $62,000 to a starting $49 million in just 10 years. In the 1980s and 1990s, Nike had been plagued by a series of labor incidents and public relations nightmares; underage workers in Indonesian plants, allegations of coerced overtime in China, dangerous working conditions in Vietnam. For a while, the stories had been largely confined to labor circles and activist publications, until a young female worker had died in a Nike contracting factory in 1997, the labor conditions at Nike had hit the mainstream. While the marketing of Nike’s products was based on selling a high profile fashion item to affluent Americans, the manufacture of these sneakers was based as an arms-length and often-uneasy relationship with low paid, non-American workers. Key Issues Nike's strategy of shaving costs caused ethical dilemmas that ultimately damaged its reputation. Nike outsources all of its manufacturing. This approach has provided Nike with huge profits, from a 1972 level of $60,000 to a startling $49 million in...
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...“IKEA Solution” IKEA is a Swedish company producing home furnishing products at low prices to make them affordable to people. The company was founded in 1943 by Ingvar Kamprad and kept growing tremendously from 2 stores in 1964 to 114 stores in 1994 to 231 stores in 2007 in 24 countries welcoming a total of 522 million visitors. Besides its success stories, the company has faced environmental and social issues. IKEA’s Global Sourcing Challenge involving Indian rugs as well as child labor is a complicated case of social issues. Whenever a company founds itself involved in a child labor controversy, it can severely damage the customer’s perception of the company. This impact can prove to be irreversible. In 1994, a Swedish television network showed a documentary film about children working in Pakistan, targeting IKEA. In India, IKEA faced criticism about child labor from various international organizations. In the spring of 1995, another film is threaten to be shown on German television about children working at looms at Rangan Exports, a company used by IKEA and the producer then invited IKEA to send someone to take part in a live discussion during the airing of the program. These events urged the company to consider environmental and social issues more seriously, and therefore, find a solution. Just like any other globalizaed company, IKEA needs to get the cheapest supplies and therefore go to countries that offer cheap labor. However, developing countries involved...
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...IKEA Case 1) IKEA’s vision to “create a better life for the many people” defined IKEA as a company and separated them from their competitors. In the early years of the company, IKEA faced many hardships from the cartel of furniture manufacturers who controlled the Swedish industry to keep prices high. To counteract these hardships, IKEA created a unique business model that was different from competitors. This model included key features such as the use of a catalog and having self-assembled furniture, which saved the company on transportation and storage costs. Ingvar Kamprad, founder of IKEA, developed the strategy of selling affordable, good-quality furniture to mass-market consumers around the world. Another important part of IKEA’s vision was their relationship with their suppliers. Kamprad wanted to develop close ties by supporting its suppliers with long-term relationships. A manager in the case states, “We commit to doing all we can to keep them competitive—as long as they remain equally committed to us.” IKEA also serviced customers with features such as a playroom for children, a low-priced restaurant, and grocery store. All of these features were highly beneficial and profitable for IKEA while also helping everyone (suppliers, customers, etc.), as their mission strives for. Although IKEA had achieved success with their business model and vision, they experienced multiple environmental and social issues that tarnished to company’s image and reputation...
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