...125 [pic]GHANA TRADES UNION CONGRESS MEDIUM TERM POLICIES FOR THE QUADRENNIAL 2008 -2012 [DRAFT] GHANA TRADES UNION CONGRESS Contents PART 1 3 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 3 Challenges at the International Level 3 Challenges at the National Level 4 Challenges at the workplace 8 PART 2 10 GHANA TUC’S PERSPECTIVES ON HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND DEMOCRACY 10 Human Development Objectives 12 Democratic Participation in Decision-Making 14 PART 3 17 POLICIES 17 POLICY ON LABOUR RELATIONS AND SOCIAL DIALOGUE 17 POLICY ON EDUCATION AND TRAINING 20 POLICY ON ORGANISATION, INTERNAL DEMOCRACY AND SOLIDARITY 22 POLICY ON EMPLOYMENT 28 POLICY ON INCOMES 30 POLICY ON INFORMAL ECONOMY 32 POLICY ON SOCIAL PROTECTION 35 POLICY ON HOUSING 38 POLICY ON GENDER EQUALITY 40 POLICY ON CHILD LABOUR 42 POLICY ON OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIROMENT 44 POLICY ON HIV/AIDS 46 POLICY ON ENERGY AND POWER 49 POLICY ON INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS 52 POLICY ON THE YOUTH ……………………………………………………………… PART 1 _________________________________________________________ INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND The Ghana Trades Union Congress (TUC) has gone through very difficult challenges since it was established in 1945. Nevertheless, it has maintained its identity and continues to grow stronger. Currently, Ghana TUC has seventeen affiliates with an estimated membership...
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...kind of activity for that matter in prisons, HIV is a growing threat to inmates and will become a larger issue once they are released back into the world. Though there are obvious differences between the two scenarios, distributing condoms in prison looks to hit the same roadblocks as condoms in High Schools. The first issue is that prevention in prison starts far before a condom enters the equation. The very concept of “safe sex” is dependent upon the partners being consensual and the most readily available allusion to Prison Sex is, of course, rape a kind of “sex” that won’t ever be safe. In reality, much of the high-risk homosexual contact in prison involves men who do not consider themselves gay outside prison, former prisoners and researchers said. About 1 percent of prisoners report being raped. From a health standpoint, it is not much different from inoculation against disease. If we are already using medical means to protect inmates from contagious illness, how are government-sponsored condoms a stretch? However, of course, there are those annoying moral issues. As if gay inmate sex was not enough to make the conservatives grumble in the first place, the idea of combining it with prophylactics. Is this the worst idea ever thought of? Violence is also against the rules in jail and we all see how effective it is as a deterrent. They put offenders into solitary confinement, so why not isolate those with STDs or HIV in their own separate wing. This seems unlikely...
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...to 320 women by simple random sampling. Information sought included the socio-demographic characteristics, and personal information on FGM with regards to knowledge and practice. Two hundred and sixty (81.3%) were appropriate for analysis. The mean age of the respondents was 28.6 years ± 5.4 SD. Most had formal education, with tertiary education contributing 60.8%. A high percentage was aware of FGM, and the problem associated with it was 91 and 72%, respectively. Half of the respondents (49.6%) were genitally mutilated while almost the same number (47.7%) affirmed that FGM is still practised today. Eighty – two percent do not support FGM but were not doing anything about it and 36% were not aware of any problem associated with FGM. The prevalence rate of FGM of 50% is high. Though most did not support the practice, nothing has been done to change the practice. Serious advocacy, government support and legislation are needed to...
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...enrollment of orphans is not accounted for solely by their poverty. We find that orphans are less likely to be enrolled than are nonorphans with whom they live. Consistent with Hamilton’s rule, the theory that the closeness of biological ties governs altruistic behavior, outcomes for orphans depend on the relatedness of orphans to their household heads. The lower enrollment of orphans is largely explained by the greater tendency of orphans to live with distant relatives or unrelated caregivers. I n a follow-up to the 2001 noted that nearlyGeneral Assembly Specialare suffering HIV/ United Nations Session on AIDS, UNAIDS researchers 40% of the countries that from a generalized AIDS epidemic lack a national policy to support children “orphaned or made vulnerable by AIDS” (Joint United Nations Programme 2003:12). This is an important issue in sub-Saharan Africa, where the death of prime-aged adults from HIV/AIDS has led to pronounced concentrations of orphans. Recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) have indicated that in Uganda, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, nearly 15% of all children under age 15 have lost one or both parents, and more than 20% of 15-year-old children in these countries are orphans. Are orphans more vulnerable than other poor children in sub-Saharan Africa? Understanding the risks that orphans face is important for policy: if extended families insure each other, then governmental policies may not need to target orphans specifically. Households could...
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...Sharply rising energy and food prices have once again raised the spectre of the human population outstripping the planet's natural resources. Ever since Malthus, pessimists have believed that mankind is doomed due to overpopulation and over consumption, while optimists have argued that technological innovation will improve standards of living and that population growth is at most a minor issue (Lomborg, 2001 and Ehrlich, 2005). While this renewed debate at the global level receives widespread media attention, another less visible but equally important discussion of the impact of demographic trends and policy options is under way among the leaders of the least- developed countries. A large majority of these leaders agree that population growth and birth rates are too high (United Nations, 2007). In many developing countries, these concerns have led to action. Since the 1960s, alongside efforts to increase educational opportunity and improve health conditions, the main policy response to concern about rapid population growth has been the implementation of voluntary family planning programs that provide information about, and access to, contraceptives. In the developing world, 137 million women who don't want to get pregnant are not practicing contraception (United Nations, 2007). The key cause of this unmet need for contraception is that contraception is often quite costly to individuals in terms of commodities (pills, condoms, Intrauterine devices (IUDs) etc.), transportation...
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...Male involvement in maternal health care through Community-based health planning and services: the views of the men in rural Ghana Joshua Panyin Craymah, Robert Kwame Oppong and Derek Anamaale Tuoyire, 2017. Male involvement in Maternal Health Care at Anomabo, Central Region, Ghana Marc j, Gameroff, Using the proportional odds model for health-related outcomes. Marion W. Carter and Illene Speizer. 2005. Salvadoran father’s attendance at prenatal care, delivery, and postpartum care Mariam Tokhi, Liz Comrie-Thomson, Matthew Chersich. 2018. Involving men to improve maternal and newborn health: A systematic review of the effectiveness of interventions Motlagabo G. Matseke, Robert A. C. Ruiter, 2017. Factors associated with male partner involvement in programs for the prevention of Mother-to-Child transmission of HIV in rural South Africa Myanmar Country report “Healthy Next Generation”-under the tight collaboration between health and social welfare, 2008 Quick facts about the population of Myanmar, Countrymeters.info Speizer IS, Whittle L, Carter M. 2005. Gender relations and reproductive decision making in...
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...there have been great strides in the prevention of HIV transmission and care of HIV infection and AIDS since AIDS was first recognized in 1981, many people still have questions about HIV and AIDS. The information below is designed to answer some of these questions based on the best available science. What are HIV and AIDS? Electron microscope image of HIV, seen as small spheres on the surface of white blood cells. HIV is the human immunodeficiency virus. It is the virus that can lead to acquired immune deficiency syndrome, or AIDS. CDC estimates that about 56,000 people in the United States contracted HIV in 2006. There are two types of HIV, HIV-1 and HIV-2. In the United States, unless otherwise noted, the term “HIV” primarily refers to HIV-1. Both types of HIV damage a person’s body by destroying specific blood cells, called CD4+ T cells, which are crucial to helping the body fight diseases. Within a few weeks of being infected with HIV, some people develop flu-like symptoms that last for a week or two, but others have no symptoms at all. People living with HIV may appear and feel healthy for several years. However, even if they feel healthy, HIV is still affecting their bodies. All people with HIV should be seen on a regular basis by a health care provider experienced with treating HIV infection. Many people with HIV, including those who feel healthy, can benefit greatly from current medications used to treat HIV infection. These medications can limit or slow down...
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...term we all recognize and fear, but many people do not truly understand the real complexity of the issue or how it spreads and develops. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus, meaning it is an RNA virus that undergoes a process called “reverse transcriptase.” This process creates a complementary strand for the RNA, together making a double-stranded line of DNA that is then inserted into the host’s genome. However, in the process of creating a complementary strand, the virus often makes small mistakes. These small mistakes are genetic mutation of the virus, leading to countless strains of the same basic virus and diminishing the hope of one overall cure. Misconceptions or ignorance of HIV and its consequences result in dramatic spread of the virus. It is common knowledge that HIV is sexually transmitted, but not quite as commonly understood that it can be spread by blood contact. Many places in the world are paying the price for the ignorance of this knowledge. Ghana, for example, has a rich culture that includes ceremonial shaving knives which are often shared among men. If one man with HIV nicks himself with the knife and another person uses it and also nicks himself, HIV is spread. More commonly, people who share needles are at extremely high risk of spreading HIV. In addition, HIV...
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...Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges Economic Commission for Africa The Millennium Development Goals in Africa: Progress and Challenges August 2005 © 2005. Economic Commission for Africa Material from this publication may be freely quoted or reprinted. Acknowledgment is requested, together with a copy of the publication. The views expressed are those of the original authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the United Nations. Project coordinator: Adrian Gauci Editorial coordination: Cristina Müller Team: Abebe Shimeles, Workie Mitiku, Vanessa Steinmayer, Reto Thoenen This report was produced with guidance and input from Augustin Fosu, Director of the Economic and Social Policy Division of the ECA. It benefited greatly from the revisions of Bartholomew Armah and Kwabia Boateng. Special thanks to Lorna Davidson for the final editing, to Akwe Amosu for her valuable input, and to Seifu Dagnachew and Teshome Yohannes for creative and efficient lay-out and production. The report was designed by the ECA Communication Team and printed by the Documents Reproduction and Distribution Unit, in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Photo credits (left to right): Front cover- R. Zurba/USAID, J. Dunlop/USAID, R. Zurba/USAID, M. Crozet/ILO. Back cover- J. Maillard/ILO, T. Brunette/USAID, I. Getachew/UNICEF. Table of Contents Acronyms .....................................................................
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...Health Inquiry, Global Health Inequities Introduction: The Millennium Development Goals (or MDG) are a set of 8 goals set by the world’s nations in hope of reducing poverty by 2015. These 8 goals address poverty, education, equality, disease and the environment. Each goal has a targets and indicators we are aiming to achieve by 2015. The purpose of this report is to report on the history, objectives and constitution of the MDG’s and the success and effectiveness of the MDGs. History of MDGs: In the 1990’s the United Nation (UN) member states went through a historically extraordinary UN press conference process. This conference was aimed at building consensus on development priorities for the 21st century. However, at the end of the 1990’s the governments of the conference experienced conference fatigue and feared the process launched by the conferences was losing steam. In September 2000 in New York there was a large gathering of world leaders called the Millennium Summit. This was the largest gathering of world leaders in history including 189 UN member-states. At the Millennium Summit the United Nation Millennium Declaration was adopted as a result of a series of global conferences held during the 1990’s. The UN saw the Millennium Summit as an opportunity to bring back the development of priorities for the 21st century. It was at this Millennium Summit that the Millennium Declaration set in motion a global partnership and was signed by 147 heads of states....
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...Health and Poverty Project (MHaPP) is a Research Programme Consortium (RPC) funded by the UK Department for International Development (DfID)(RPC HD6 2005- 2010) for the benefit of developing countries. The views expressed are not necessarily those of DfID. RPC members include Alan J. Flisher (Director) and Crick Lund (Co-ordinator) (University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa (RSA)); Therese Agossou, Natalie Drew, Edwige Faydi and Michelle Funk (World Health Organization); Arvin Bhana (Human Sciences Research Council, RSA); Victor Doku (Kintampo Health Research Centre, Ghana); Andrew Green and Mayeh Omar (University of Leeds, UK); Fred Kigozi (Butabika Hospital, Uganda); Martin Knapp (University of London, UK); John Mayeya (Ministry of Health, Zambia); Eva N Mulutsi (Department of Health, RSA); Sheila Zaramba Ndyanabangi (Ministry of Health, Uganda); Angela Ofori-Atta (University of Ghana); Akwasi Osei (Ghana Health Service); and Inge Petersen (University of KwaZulu-Natal, RSA). Abstract Objective: Stigma plays a major role in the persistent suffering, disability and economic loss associated with...
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...infectious diseases such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, genital herpes, human papilloma virus (HPV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis. An STD is transmitted through vaginal, oral and anal sexual contact as well as through blood products. STDs can also be transmitted from mother to child during childbirth. Untreated chlamydia and gonorrhoea can lead to salpingitis for women and to epididymitis for men, which can affect fertility and in worst case lead to sterility. Hepatitis B, genital herpes, HPV and HIV are still incurable infections. HPV can lead to cervical cancer and HIV to premature death. The only way to protect oneself from contracting an STD is consistent condom use (Vårdguiden, 2011). Another term that is used in the literature is STI (sexually transmitted infection), which refers to the infection itself, whereas STD, which is the term that will be used in this paper, refers to the disease caused by an infection (TeenHealthFX, 2009). 1.2 Knowledge of STDs among adolescents A study based in Northern Thailand by Paz-Bailey et al. (2003) showed that Thai adolescents’ knowledge on HIV was high. Among the sample, which consisted of students’ aged 15-21, 99.5% had heard of HIV. More than 90 % could identify three main routes of contracting the infection. The same study also showed that knowledge of other STDs was lower than the knowledge on HIV, and that some of the students did not know that STDs could cause infertility. The study showed...
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...population (2012 est.) | Urbanization | urban population: 60% of total population (2010) rate of urbanization: 0.6% annual rate of change (2010-15 est.) | Sex ratio | at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.03 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.51 male(s)/female total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2011 est.) | Infant mortality rate | total: 26.21 deaths/1,000 live births male: 29.05 deaths/1,000 live births female: 23.24 deaths/1,000 live births (2012 est.) | Life expectancy at birth | total population: 69.2 years male: 65.34 years female: 73.24 years (2012 est.) | Total fertility rate | 2.01 children born/woman (2012 est.) | HIV/AIDS - adult prevalence rate | NA | HIV/AIDS - people living with HIV/AIDS | NA | HIV/AIDS - deaths | NA | Sanitation facility access | improved: urban: 58% of population rural: 60% of population total: 59% of population unimproved: urban: 42% of population rural: 40% of population total: 41% of population | Nationality | noun: Korean(s) adjective: Korean | Ethnic groups | racially homogeneous; there is a small...
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...HIV/AIDS AWARENESS AND ATTITUDES OF STANDARD EIGHT PUPILS IN MATHIRA EAST CONSTITUENCY: A CASE STUDY OF RAGATI, KARURA, KIRIGU AND D.E.B PRIMARY SCHOOL PUPILS PRESENTED BY: GRACE MUNGA EDU/DECD/5018/09 A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO KARATINA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF A DIPLOMA IN EARLY CHILDHOOD EDUCATION (ECDE) May-August 2011 Supervisor: SW Macharia DECLARATION I, Grace Munga, ADM NO. EDU/DECD/5018/09 declare that this proposal is my own original work and has not been presented for a degree in any college or university. ______________________________ Date_____________________ GRACE MUNGA ADM NO. EDU/DECD/5018/09 This research proposal has been submitted for the examination with my approval as the supervisor. ___________________________ Date ______________________ Sw Macharia Dedication I dedicate this research project to my family, especially my mom and dad who offered me great emotional and financial support while I was carrying out the study. Acknowledgement I would like to acknowledge the standard eight pupils who took part in this research study and willingly answered the research questions that I asked them. Also the school heads for allowing their students to be part of this research. Without their participation, this study would not have been successful. I also acknowledge my lecturer Mr. Macharia for offering academic guidance and corrections when I was carrying out the study. ...
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...Magnitude and perceived impact of child fosterage on HIV/AIDS orphaned children: A case study of Mathare a suburb of Nairobi BY JAMES NYANJWA SW/02/10 A research proposal submitted to the department of sociology and psychology for the requirements of the Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Work MOI UNIVERSITY 4TH NOVEMBER, 2013 DECLARATION AND RECOMMENDATION Declaration by candidate I hereby declare that the work presented in this research proposal is my own work Citation from other information sources is given where applicable. No part of this document is to be reproduced in any other form, be it print or electronic without permission from the copyright holder Name……………………….Sig……………….date…………………. Recommendation by Supervisor This proposal has been submitted with my approval as the Departmental supervisor Name………………….Sig……………….Date…………… DEDICATION This work is dedicated to my beloved brothers Victor Onyuka and Philip Ogola without whose caring and financial support it would not have been possible and I would also like to dedicate this work to the memory of my parents, my loving dad Joseph Onyuka and caring moms Pamela Anyango and BeldineAoko who passed on the love of reading and respect for education. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I would like to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Masinde for impacting us with knowledge on research proposal. I want to thank most profoundly Mrs. Adeli for her guidance on the relevance materials needed in writing research proposal...
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