...Total Quality Management: A Continuous Improvement Process Introduction In order to comprehend the need for improvement in the construction industry and to better manage our projects and construction companies, we need to look for a method to do so. Construction managers need to improve their performance. Construction costs are becoming far too high. Construction project management is more difficult than it should be. When turnaround at the end of a project becomes a gut-wrenching experience with unnecessary disputes (which must be settled) that arise due to insufficient quality or indifference to quality, settlement by negotiation, arbitration, or even litigation imposes a serious drain on the financial resources of a company and limits profit potential. To be competitive in today’s market, it is essential for construction companies to provide more consistent quality and value to their owners/customers. Now is the time to place behind us the old adversarial approach to managing construction work. It is time to develop better and more direct relationships with our owners/customers, to initiate more teamwork at the jobsite, and to produce better quality work. Such goals demand that a continuous improvement (CI) process be established within the company in order to provide quality management. Ancient Greeks referred to the concept of continuous improvement as well as the Chinese. Recently CI has been referred to as Total Quality Management (TQM). Whichever name is preferred, the...
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...fo"k; :- Contract – I izFke o"kZ 2015-16 uksV%& fuEufyf[kr iz’u dsoy vuqeku gS bu ij iw.kZr% fuHkZj ugh jgsaA iz’u 1- ^^lHkh lafonk,a djkj gksrh gS ysfdu lHkh djkj lafonk ugha gksrs gSaA^^ D;k vki blls lger gSa \ fu.khZr oknksa dh lgk;rk ls Li"V dhft;sA Q.-1 All contracts are agreements but all agreements are not contracts .Do you agree, Explain with the help of decided cases. iz’u 2- izfrQy dh ifjHkk"kk nhft;s rFkk blds viokn Hkh crkb;sA Q.- 2 Define Consideration and mention exceptions of the Consideration. iz’u 3- izLrko ds fy, Lohd`fr dk ogh egRo gS tks ck:n ls Hkjh xkM+h ds fy, ekfpl dh ,d tyrh gqbZ rhyh dk gS & ,Ulu Q.- 3 “Acceptance is to an offer what a lighted match is to a train of gunpowder.” – Anson. iz’u 4- Mkd o VsyhQksu }kjk lafonk ds fuekZ.k lEcU/kh fu;eksa dk o.kZu dhft,A Q.- 4 Explain the rules relating to formation of contract by post and telephone. iz’u 5- O;kikj vojks/kh djkj 'kwU; gksrs gS \ vioknksa lfgr bldk o.kZu dhft;sA Q.- 5 Agreements in restraint of trade are void. Discuss it with exception. iz’u 6- ckth djkj o lekfJr djkj esa vUrj dhft;s rFkk mudh ifjHkk"kk Hkh nhft;sA Q.- 6 Explain the difference between wagering agreement and contingement agreement and define the both also. iz’u 7- mu vk/kkjksa dk mYys[k dhft;s] ftuds vk/kkj ij ,d djkj o lafonk foQy ;k uSjk’; ¼QzLVªsVsM½ gks tkrh gSA Q.- 7 Explain the grounds on which a agreement and contract becomes frustrated. iz’u 8- ,d djkj esa ekufld lgefr vko’;d gSA foospuk...
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...+ lkeqfnzd dh yky fdrkc ljljh uksV (1) bl fdrkc esa bYe lkeqfnzd dh vfyI+kQ cs (35 gjI+kQ) eqO+kQEey rkSj ij nsus dh dksf'k'k dh x;h gSA blfy, igys reke dh reke fdrkc dks 'kq: ls vkf[+kj rd [+kwc X+kkSj ls i<+uk dksbZ ek;uh nsxkA D;ksafd ,d I+kQjeku nwljs ls fcYdqy tqnk gksrk pyk x;k gSA bl rjg ij rtqcsZ dh eqn~nr o T+;knrh dk vlkZ bl fdrkc dk vlyh eryc o I+kQk;nk [+kqn c [+kqn le>k,xkA flI+kZQ ,d gh nI+kQk i<+us ls dksbZ eryc gkfly u gksxkA (2) bl bYe dh cqfu;kn ij fdrkc dh ftYn yky gYokuh jax balkuh gkFk esa eqckjd iQy nsxhA yky jax ds cX+kSj fdlh Hkh vkSj jax dh ftYn X+kSj eqckjd gksxhA (3) fdlh ckr dks vkt+ekus ls igys mlds eqrvfYyd viuk T++kkrh iQSlys ls xyr dguk nq#Lr u gksxkA (4) fdrkc ds cX+kSj eu?kM+r ckr oge iSnk djsaxhA (5) vjekuksa esa yEch&yEch bckjr fy[kus ds ctk, flI+kQZ ^^gokyk yky fdrkc fy[kk gSA** ftlls fy[kh gqbZ bckjr ds lcwr dh 'kgknr ls eqjkn ugha cfYd bckjr eT+dwjk ds ckn vkSj bckjr lkFk feyk ysus dh rjI+kQ b'kkjk gSA blfy, gokyksa dh bckjr dks T+k:j lkFk feykdj i<+rs tkosaA (6) dq.Myh dk cukuk vkSj mldh nq#Lrh dk tkapuk reke eqrvfYyO+kQk bYe dh okdI+kQh ds ckn 'kq# djsaA vkSj nkSjku oD+r esa vjeku uEcj 181 ds mlwy ij bl fdrkc ds vk[+khj ij fn;s gq, iQkeZ dks lkFk ys dj rtqckZ gkfly djsaA (7) crk, gq, I+kQjeku ds tokc dh xyrh crkus okyk bl bYe dks c<+kus ds fy, lc ls ennxkj nksLr gksxkA (8) ckr dh vlfy;r ikus ds fy, fdlh nwljs bYe ;k vkfye dh cn[+kksbZ ls ijgsT+k pkfg,A (9) blesa 'kd ugha fd fuUnd vkSj vged e[+kkSy mM+kus okys ls djkgr vk gh tk;k djrh gS...
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