...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Matrix Theory Assumptions Reliability Validity Application Holistic-Dynamic Theory Maslow’s holistic dynamic theory suggests that a person as a whole is always being motivated by their needs. He also suggests that people always has the potential to grow. He suggests that they grow toward their own self actualization (Feist & Feist, 2009, ch. 10). Maslow’s Holistic Dynamic Theory rates low on the falsifiability. According to the criteria that theories go by (Feist, & Feist, 2009, ch. 10) The reliability is rated low. Does the theory serve as a guide? The theory was given a high rating. Is the theory internally consistent? Because of the theory having arcane and unclear language, some people thought that the certain parts were ambiguous and inconsistent. Was the theory parsimonious? The first glance of the theory makes it seem simplistic by looking at the hierarchy of needs. The full understanding of the theory suggests that the theory is more complexed. It is rated moderately parsimonious (Feist & Feist, 2009, ch. 10). Maslow helped with the POI test. It helped psychologists understand a person’s feelings about themselves. The hierarchy of needs also helped therapist understand themselves. Maslow thought that if therapist was at self actualization then they would be better equipped to help their patients. He wanted therapist to lead people in the direction of loving themselves and finding their own self actualization...
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...family in nursing practice. Identify the nursing theory used in the hospital setting. Promoting the Health Today’s families come in many different sizes and dynamics. Family is more than individuals living under the same roof; it is a support system for all aspects of health. A healthy family strives to promote the, emotional, physical, mental, spiritual health of its members. Family is typically the client’s primary important group. Each family member’s action can directly affect another member reaction. Family works as a system in promoting health of its members by having good communication. Each member of a family plays an important role in promoting health of the family. The ability to express concerns, feelings, thoughts and experiences assistant in strengthening family. The family works as a system by showing commitment, trust and understanding to members. The family must be willing to work together and if needed make sacrifices for each other or to benefit the whole family. Concept of Family The concept of family most used in hospital setting is family as context. Family is in the background and not the primary focus. “The nurse may involve the family to varying degrees” (Friedman, Bowden, & Jones, 2003). Depending on the family dynamics and support from family members. Family can be viewed as a resource to the client, in some cases as a stressor. In most cases family plays a vital role in the environment and dynamics involved in a client’s care. In the hospital setting...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Name PSY/405 Date Teacher University Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories In a perfect world, there would only be one, if not two different types of personality theories that psychologists would have to choose from in order to diagnose and treat their patients with, but variety, as they say, is the spice of life. In addition to that of psychodynamic personality theories, another set of equally important, and perhaps more interesting are that of humanistic and existential theories, made popular by psychologists Carl Rodger and Abraham Maslow. Humanistic and Existential Analysis Individual Personalities Humanistic and Existential theories focus on the different aspects of an individual in his or her journey toward self-actualization. Abraham Maslow’s holistic-dynamic (humanistic) approach focuses on the needs of an individual and how the fulfillment of those needs help or hinder one journey. Although the needs are intrinsic to humans, the progress to the next step is contingent upon the fulfillment, or satisfaction of the prior need (Feist, & Feist, 2009). Carl Rogers’s client-centered theory also includes needs but goes farther to explain the significance of self-awareness in reaching self-actualization. Maslow’s and Rogers encompassing approach toward understanding human motivation included the evaluation of one’s physical, mental, and social conditions as well as the positive aspect of an individual‘s...
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...Family Health and Nursing Practice University of Phoenix NUR 542: Dynamics of Family Systems May 25, 2010 Traditional hospital based nursing care is most often care provided to individual patients. Individual patients, however, are members of a family. Family nursing practice has evolved over the past 20 years as a way to approach and work with families. Effective nursing care ensures that the entire family’s situation, not only the illness of the loved one, is considered (Maijala & Astedt-Kurki, 2009). A goal for family nursing practice in the hospital setting will be to focus on three areas simultaneously; care of the ill patient, the interpersonal aspects of the family and the family as a whole (Eggenberger & Nelms, 2007). This paper will discuss the importance of the family as a system to promote health, define family in a hospital based setting, and identify the family nursing theory applicable to care for the hospitalized patient and family. The Family System and Promotion of Health for its Members The importance of family in the health of our society is directly related to our smallest community of society-the family. “Family transmits society’s demands and values and furthers its preservation” (Burchard, 2005). Family has a goal of meeting the needs of its members and is the main source of information, learning behaviors, thoughts and feelings. Healthy growth and development has been viewed as the most vital role of the family, providing crucial development...
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...entitled “A Systemic Analysis of the Dynamics and Organization of Urban Street Gangs.” The authors discuss how street gangs, which are highly complex, open and ongoing social systems with structures, processes and functionality, can be compared to family systems using a systemic and holistic perspective in order to provide professionals with a better understanding and more effective intervention. They discuss many of the motivations that individuals have to join gangs such as looking for closeness, cohesion, and acceptability as well as obtaining a sense of esteem, stability and connectedness that they are unable to obtain from other systems. After describing the demographics and different types of street gangs, Ruble and Turner (2000), apply the “same concepts that are used to describe family systems, such as hierarchies, subsystems and suprasystems, entropy and negentropy, boundaries, communication, and homeostatsis (Broderick, 1990; Minuchin, 1974; Walsh, 1982), to street gangs. They conclude that because gangs function based on an interrelatedness that connects every aspect of gang life together within a complex web of interactions, researchers and professional who seek to provide effective intervention programs must aim to approach street gangs from a holistic and systematic perspective. Points of Agreement with Systems Theory Ruble and Turner are consistent in their theoretical application of the concepts found in family systems theory. For example, the family systems...
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...Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories Paper PSY 405 February 15, 2014 Instructor: University of Phoenix Humanistic and Existential Personality Theory Although philosophers and psychologists interpret existentialism in a variety of ways, some common elements are found among most existential thinkers. First, existence takes precedence over essence. Existence means to emerge or to become; essence implies a static immutable substance. Existence suggests process; essence refers to a product. Existence is associated with growth and change; essence signifies stagnation and finality. (Fiest, Feist & Roberts (2013) Humanistic and Existential Personality Theories offered perspectives that have proven to be valuable. Humanistic and Existential theories focus on the different aspects of an individual in their journey toward self-actualization. From Carl Rogers’s development of the actualizing tendency and the formative tendency to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there is a diverse range of perspective. In this paper, we will analyze how humanistic and existential theories affect individual personalities and explain how these personality theories influence interpersonal relationships. Effect on Individual Personalities Our personalities consist of many complex characteristics and have been classified into a wide array of theories. One main concept of these theories is known as the Learning theory. Learning theory is defined as the process by which humans...
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...www.ccsenet.org/ies International Education Studies Vol. 5, No. 2; April 2012 Group Dynamics and Peer-Tutoring a Pedagogical Tool for Learning in Higher Education Muhammad Azeem Qureshi Associate Professor School of Business Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway E-mail: muhammad-azeem.qureshi@hioa.no Even Stormyhr Senior Lecturer Department of Film and TV, School of Communication, WSoC University College of Communication, Oslo, Norway E-mail: even@westerdals.no Received: October 19, 2011 doi:10.5539/ies.v5n2p118 Accepted: November 3, 2011 Published: April 1, 2012 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v5n2p118 Abstract The increasing diversity in students’ enrolment in higher education in Norway offers an opportunity to use collaborative learning and teamwork as a learning vehicle to exploit the synergy in the community to have formal and informal agoras. Theoretical and empirical observation of the value of team processes provides the framework to personify our understanding of learning and present a model for teaching in higher education in Norway. We consider learning as a holistic process and one must appreciate its dynamics and be flexible and responsive to it. Moreover, such a view of the entire process necessitates an active communication with all stakeholders of the system and to make an integrative and coordinated effort to ensure availability of the required institutional resources, equitable distribution...
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...Running Head: Management process, linear and nonlinear management, ordinary and extraordinary management, rational management, chaos theory Management - from rational management to chaos theory Submitted to Dr. D. Coleman By JJ de Klerk In partial fulfillment of the requirement for the Doctorate in Business Administration Swiss Management University March 3, 2012 1 1. Introduction Developments over the last few decades have led to a new way of thinking in economic and management approaches. The scientific approach to management, which emphasizes the basic management functions of planning, organizing, leadership and control, now seems unable to explain the era of change that characterizes economies and organizations alike. This paper will focus on explaining the rational management model, focusing on ordinary management, and go on to discuss the new approaches such as chaos theory – also called complexity theory - and the need for extraordinary management and innovation. 2. Rational management Management and organization science literature have until recently focused on the objective control of agents and worked on the assumption that interactions can be described in linear terms (Webb, 2005). When difficult decisions have to be made, many managers and strategists rely on the economics view in which profit maximization is the guiding principle. Executives will us the rational model tools described above, and believe that precise solutions should be achieved...
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...nursing has entered a new era. Theories are a collaboration of philosophies, other healthcare disciplines or fields, religious beliefs, and most importantly documented personal or professional experiences. The advancement of practice, pharmaceuticals, and technology have transformed nursing into a more complicated science. Nurses are expected to do more with fewer resources and the patient-centered care vanishes in the mix, but patient advocacy is imperative to nursing. As stated by Selanders and Crane (2012) “modern nursing is complex, ever changing, and multi-focused. Since the time of Florence Nightingale, however, the goal of nursing has remained unchanged, namely to provide a safe and caring environment that promotes patient health and well-being. Effective use of an interpersonal tool, such as advocacy, enhance the care-giving environment.” This paper will focus on the nursing theorists that have continued to emphasize advocacy through effective communication and interpersonal relationships. Florence Nightingale-Environment Theory Known as the founder of modern nursing, Nightingale is the theorist that most nurses can readily recall. Her desire to treat patients with a holistic approach has been influential to nursing advancing from an art to a science. Her theories have been studied and mimicked since 1860 when the first nursing school opened in London, Nightingale School of Nursing at St. Thomas’ Hospital. Nightingale’s holistic approach is still relevant...
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...systems. All academic programs reflect the faculty’s beliefs about nursing, clients, health, environment, and nursing education. The faculty believes that nursing is a profession and an academic discipline possessing a scientific body of knowledge that requires critical thinking, problem solving, and informatics. The primary function of nursing is to educate and assist the client to promote, protect, maintain, restore, and support health, or, to provide for a peaceful death. As a profession, nursing encompasses moral, ethical, legal, and scientific dimensions. Nurses are accountable to society for their practice and responsible for functioning within economic, legal, and moral/ethical parameters. Nursing practice is both theory and evidence based, using theories from nursing and other related disciplines. Nurses synthesize and apply knowledge from the arts, sciences, and humanities in nursing practice utilizing interpersonal communication to meet the complex and multidimensional needs of the client in a variety of health care settings throughout the metropolitan area and beyond. Through leadership and strategic partnerships, this knowledge is further integrated into nursing as research is conducted, disseminated, and used to guide nursing practice, improve healthcare outcomes, and to advance nursing science. Each human being is unique and complex, with physiological, psychological, spiritual, and sociocultural developmental characteristics. Individuals respond to their environment...
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...It is true that Nursing is a practice discipline that incorporates scientific and nonscientific knowledge originating from scholarly inquiry. To understand nursing one must understand the concepts, theories, and laws that are ever constant and evolving at the same time (Kelly Patricia, 2012). This understanding will inform practice. According to Simpao, A. F. (2013) “The theory framework of nursing science is built in a dynamic process that arises from practice and is reproduced through research, mainly by analysis and development of concepts and theories” (p. 56). Therefore, theory, research, and practice affect each other reciprocally and continuously. A nursing theory is a set of concepts, definitions, relationships, and assumptions or propositions derived from nursing models or from other disciplines and project a purposive, systematic view of phenomena by designing specific inter-relationships among concepts for the purposes of describing, explaining, predicting, and /or prescribing. Theories as a set of interrelated concepts that give a systematic view of a phenomenon (an observable fact or event) that is explanatory and predictive in nature. Theories are composed of concepts, definitions, models, propositions and are based on assumptions. They are derived through two principal methods; Deductive reasoning and Inductive reasoning. According to Buchanan Ernestine, (2011) “Nursing has come a long way since the days of Florence Nightingale and her pioneering actions that...
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...level, a theory which encompasses all or most theories. Attempts to view the theory as an interplay of energy, while looking at it in an atomic level. With the patient being the nucleus the primary structure and concentration of high energy while health and environment as different valence rings each holding electrons which are constantly moving in all possible directions all while orbiting around the nucleus. The space between the nucleus and the valence rings is nursing the spatial potential energy which unites the structure creating larger matter and ultimately the final product, the present material world (Seagar & Slabaugh, 2010). At the base of all matter is consciousness (Garon, 2011), therefore the universal fabric is conscious. A philosophy of nursing should be derived from laws that governing the universe and that is what the author attempts to do. Human Beings Human beings as defined by the writer are closely related to the understanding of human beings derived from humanistic nursing theorist specifically Martha E Rogers and Margaret Neumann. These theorist understood that human beings at a fundamental level are more than their biological makeup, they are consciousness. Sentient beings, or energy fields that are made up of patterns, holographic patterns meaning if one was to take any aspect of their life and put under a theoretical microscope they would see the pattern repeat itself infinitely no matter the sample size (Garon, 2011). Human are dynamic, holistic...
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...practice, which seems common place today, but was very forward thinking for that period. The era of Florence Nightingale is just the beginning of the timeline of significant events and theoretical development that shaped the evolution of modern nursing and nursing science. Timeline 19th century | * 1836: Kiaserworth Deaconess Institute opens the first recorded school of nursing in Germany. * 1850: Florence Nightingale attends Kaiserworth for three months of training. * 1854: Florence Nightingale was nicknamed the ‘lady with the lamp’ by the soldiers during the Crimean war. This period is where she developed the foundation for evidence based practice. * 1860: The Nightingale school of nursing was established and incorporated theory as well as clinical experiences. She was the first nursing theorist. * 1861: Dorthea Dix is chosen as the first superintendent of the United States Army nurses. * 1874 The University of Michigan begins training nurses in the first informal nursing school, in the United States. * 1896: American Nurses Association was founded and the practice of nurse licensure began. | 20th century | * 1909: The University of Minnesota grants the first baccalaureate degree in nursing. * 1923: Yale is the first university to open an independent school of nursing. * 1948: Hildegard...
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...sentences): This paper focuses on how the Chinese are represented in the international business literature. Chinese cultures are packaged to make knowledge about the Middle Kingdom more accessible to a general audience. This paper concludes that researchers should reflect on the power they yield when they represent another culture, and that the general public may privilege theories that are accessible rather than sound. The author tries in this paper to un-package packaged cultures, meaning that culture is hard to package, because culture is dynamic and heterogeneous. Main points: This paper is inspired via Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge – Therefore when we look at Chinese literature it is important to ask yourself: What is presented? Who is presenting? And for what purpose? All researchers face the same difficulties in framing a culture into a coherent and yet complex entity. A society is diverse, culture changes and it is at times difficult to differentiate between imagined culture and actual reality. Packaging culture is a difficult task because society is heterogeneous and dynamic. Talking about culture has also become a political enterprise; cultural elements are accentuated and marginalized as politicians, researchers, residents and non-residents interpret and represent a culture. Such imaginations may then be reinforced and perpetuated through social engineering and selective perception. In this paper the author focus on three different views on culture: ...
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...Tatrina Bailey Career Counseling-Mid Term Dr. Jill Thompson Prairie View A&M University March 14, 2015 Defend the statement: Career development is a continuous process. Explain how it is a discontinuous process. Career development is a continuous process, which concentrates on the processes of seeking, receiving, and processing the information about one self, educational and occupational alternatives, role options and life style. In other words, career development is the process, which makes people understand themselves in relation to the working field and environments, and the role they play in it (Zunker, 2012). Today, in the 21st century, the world of work is very different form the one it has previously been. Globalization of the job markets and the economy, and rapid advancements in technology create an increased competition. The main focus of the global economy is information generation and delivery of services. The modern world dictates the conditions for the business world, providing continuous outsourcing of work, reduction of companies, and modification of jobs. Due to that, people have temporary and part-time jobs, while a growing number of people are self-employed. Therefore, the majority of careers may be described with such words, as uncertainty, insecurity, unpredictability, work intensification, fewer opportunities for promotion, part-time work, self-employment and non-standard contracts. In this regard, individuals...
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