...The effects of transatlantic travel inevitably lead to a sense of homelessness. In Crèvecœur’s Letters from an American Farmer, and Olaudah Equiano’s The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, the writing revolves around characters who essentially do not have homes, both dealing with transatlantic settings. Equiano is consistently stripped of his home, starting in Africa, and is perpetually forced to adapt in new environments. Crèvecœur’s narrative depicts a new American settler, James, who comes from England, and is in the liminal state of homelessness, from settling into his new land to eventually fleeing his estate. The piece that displays homelessness a lot more overtly is The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, where Equiano immediately gets taken from his home, igniting his life of disarray. In order to convey this theme of homelessness, it is important to outline the various instances leading up to it: “...two men and a woman got over our walls, and in a moment seized us both, and, without giving us time to cry out, or make resistance, they stopped our mouths, and ran off with us into the nearest wood” (The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano, p.47). It is in this moment that Equiano will henceforth struggle to maintain some semblance...
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...historical analysis of vagrancy laws in England, how might a Marxist scholar interpret the recent government action and court decision on Occupy Toronto? Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to argue that the law is influenced by elite classes and that the law rules in favour of these elites. The law isn’t as detached from society and its class structure as everyone would like to believe, and the paper will discuss how this is true from a Marxist perspective in regards to vagrancy. Drawing from Batty v. City of Toronto, a case that ruled against a group protesting against...
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...Critical Realism and Social Constructivism: Homelessness in Australia Name: University: Course: Tutor: Date: Abstract This Essay looks into the contrasts between Critical Realism and Social Construction, in relation to social issues in Australia. The social issue that is being tackled in this case is the homelessness in Australia. It explains the two phenomena in terms of the sociological perspectives on their difference and deviance. The content of this essay will be illustrated through different materials on the state of the homelessness in Australia. The structure of the Essay is in the form of arguments and evidences to back up those arguments. Introduction Critical Realism theory has to do with the objects of science. This includes both the transitive and intransitive objects. The transitive objects are those that are constructed socially and change according to how much and how fast the theories of science do change. Intransitive objects on the other hand have nothing to do with the social issues, and do exist independent of the human’s knowledge of their existence. Social constructivism comes about when we come up with theories about them using our intellect, history and even social issues which are used to explain several phenomena. This can be seen in the explanation of gravity, which exists independent of our knowledge of it. Social construction has occurred in this subject, whereby intellect gained from areas like history...
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...Acrobat , A 2010,Youth homelessness and leaving home, viewed 29 July 2013 , < http://www.kidshelp.com.au/grownups/search.php?cx=007603506358546808182%3Axcui-wlofrm&cof=FORID%3A11&ie=UTF-8&q=Youth+homelessness+and+leaving+home+ > This report shows the situation of homelessness youth in Australia recently with the analysis of this condition and some of the solutions have been implemented. In recent years, among the whole population of homelessness in Australia, youth occupied 43% of total. Those youth whose parents haunted by cancer are the main parts of homelessness youth which account for 12%. 21 percentage of Teenagers between 12 to 18 years old who are living alone, and the rest 10% were 19 to 24 years olds' young adults. The report states the main factors, which made Australian youth homelessness including taking in drugs, lack of nutrition, sickness without medicine to cure, forced sexual practices and poor protections. Those homeless youth's experiences may influence their physical and mental health. When they get homelessness, the negative effects can last a long time and be very complicated. Those negative impacts can cause the growth of social rejection's possibility. This report data all came from a true research from the public website www.kidhelp.com which means these data had already been shown to the public. Such as age from 18 to 25 young homeless adults occupied 65.3% in the whole groups of homelessness youth. Also, this report were...
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...Homelessness There is an urgency to save the homeless in this country, but it seems less altruistic than it in fact is. The urgency is related to an out of sight out of mind philosophy. People who live in residences paid for with their own income have many misconceptions about the homeless: For example their social nature, beliefs, cause of despair, and what to do to fix the broken system of feeding and sheltering those in need. People cannot solely want to cure homelessness because they do not want to see it, or panhandlers bother them, it has to come from an unselfish place. It is the responsibility of human service agencies to educate the public, and find ways to empower the homeless so they do not have to suffer. A reform in intervention is necessary; with so many homeless adults and teens having mental illnesses, a way to return them to a societal reality needs to be addressed. History of Homelessness in the United States Animals, including humans, have always sought to find shelter. The basic needs for survival include food, water, air, and shelter. These four necessities are mentioned in every philosopher’s or psychologist ideologies of what humans need for survival. Even Maslow’s hierarchy of needs has safety as one of the most basic needs. When someone loses or has never had a permanent residence they are considered homeless. Cars, friends’ couches, shelters, and abandoned warehouses are not considered homes. In the middle-ages the homeless were a way to make...
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...individuals have and some of the reasons behind their homelessness status. Many different interviews have been done to come up with the information provided in this article, including nursing staff, shelter staff, family and friends of individuals. This article also demonstrates the importance of adequate healthcare, and how healthcare providers should be aware individuals’ needs. Hunter, L., & Yount, S. (2011). Oral health and oral health care practices among low-income pregnant women.Journal Of Midwifery & Women's Health, 56(2), 103-109. doi:10.1111/j.1542-2011.2011.00041.x This article provided information about low income pregnant women that are in need of dental care. Most of these women had some knowledge about basic dental hygiene but did not see dental care on regular bases. This information was provided for better understanding and planning for the programs available to the public especially low income individuals in the future. Wood, T., & Watts, K. (2005). Challenges of caring for homeless pregnant women -- 1. British Journal Of Midwifery, 13(3), 138-140. This article talks about quality of care that homeless pregnant women receive, it also talks about the contributions of midwifes to the women throughout parts of pregnancy. Many of these services are provided to the individuals without the knowledge of their homelessness. The issues discussed in this article are related to the pregnant women of England, and the data...
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...your mission statement: guidelines, examples and exercises for all organizations Institute for Children and Poverty, The Hidden Migration: Why New York City Shelters Are Overflowing with Families (2002). 21 Homes for the Homeless & Institute for Children and Poverty, Ten Cities 1997-1998: A Snapshot of Family Homelessness Across America 3 (1998). 22 Institute for Children and Poverty, The Hidden Migration: Why New York City Shelters Are Overflowing with Families (2002). 23 Chicago Coalition for the Homeless, Fact Sheet: The Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Homeless Youth. 1 (citing Richard J. Estes & Neil Alan Weiner, Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children in the U.S., Canada and Mexico, Univ. Pa. (2001) (unpublished)). 24 National Coalition for the Homeless, Domestic Violence and Homelessness: Fact Sheet #8 (1999) (citing Virginia Coalition for the Homeless, Shelter Provider Survey (1995) (out of print)). Hubbard, G. (2004). Strategic Management: Thinking, Analysis & Action (2nd edition), Frenchs Forest, Pearson Prentice Hall Johnson, G., Scholes, K. and Whittington, R. (2005). Exploring corporate strategy (7th edition), England: Pearson Education Limited Porter, M.E. (1980). Competitive Strategy. New York, The Free Press. Porter, M.E. (2008). The five competitive forces that shape strategy. Harvard Business Review. January 08, 1-19. Read more at Suite101: Using Porter's Five Forces to Analyse Non Profit Industry | Suite101.com http://www...
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...Compared to people outside, each volunteer in that kitchen was under massive pressure because of not only the heavy work but also their stinging gaze on back. That is the first time I realized the homeless people’s participation in service work was necessary and inevitable for a successful and effective community service program. Most social programs owned by business or government hire trained faculties, admit part-time volunteers and very limited service beneficiaries, homeless people in this case, to keep service running. Service receivers are traditionally defined by incapacity of serving like patients on operating tables who do not probably take scalpels to open their own chests. This misconception wastes huge labor power from the homelessness. Despite the mid-aged groups, an old lady I came across when I first arrived at the church showed me her availability for at least simple work. That morning, I was locked out and lost the way to the back door. The old lady in rags who spent the night at the open space near the church door initially greeted me and asked what I needed for help. After...
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...Social Welfare Past & Present robert white HN300: Human Services and Social Policy Social Welfare Past & Present robert white HN300: Human Services and Social Policy 2014 2014 Social welfare began in England with the English Poor Laws. Poor Laws were a body of laws that provided relief for the poor, developed in 16th-century and maintained, with various changes, until after World War II. The Elizabethan Poor Laws, were administered through parish overseers, who provided relief for the aged, sick, and infant poor, as well as work for the able-bodied in workhouses. However, the modern welfare state was started by Otto von Bismarck, the first Chancellor of Germany, created the modern welfare state by building on a tradition of welfare programs in Prussia and Saxony that began as early as in the 1840s. Bismarck introduced old age pensions, accident insurance and medical care that formed the basis of the modern European welfare state. The United Kingdom, as a modern welfare state, started to emerge with the Liberal welfare reforms of 1906–1914 under Liberal Prime Minister Herbert Asquith. The passing of the Old-Age Pensions Act in 1908, the introduction of free school meals in 1909, the 1909 Labour Exchanges Act, the Development Act 1909, which heralded greater Government intervention in economic development, and the enacting of the National Insurance Act 1911 setting up a national insurance contribution for unemployment and health benefits from work. The...
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...Queen Victoria of England. The era was a great age of the English novel, which was the ideal form to descibe contemporary life and to entertain the middle class. Emily, born in 1818, lived in a household in the countryside in Yorkshire, locates her fiction in the worlds she knows personally. In addition, she makes the novel even more personal by reflecting her own life and experiences in both characters and action of Wuthering Heights. In fact, many characters in the novel grow up motherless, reflecting Emily’s own childhood, as her mother died when Emily was three years old. Similarly, the vast majority of the novel takes place in two households, which probably is a reflection of author’s own comfort at home as whenever she was away from home she grew homesick. Emily Brontё’s single novel is a unique masterpiece propelled by a vision of elemental passions but controlled by an uncompromising artistic sense. However, despite the relative invisibility of Victorian influence in the plot and content, the attitudes of the Victorian Era make some impact on the story, and the novel is considered not only a form of entertainment but also a means of analyzing and offering solutions to social and political problems. Brontё may not highlight the social aspects in the novel, nevertheless the indications of Victorian society’s problems are significant. By provinding characters such as Heathcliff, Lockwood, and Catherine, she communicates various aspects of homelessness. The life of the Ernshaw...
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...HIV/AIDS & HOMELESSNESS Recommendations for Clinical Practice and Public Policy Developed for The Bureau of Primary Health Care and The HIV/AIDS Bureau Health Resources and Services Administration by John Song, M.D., M.P.H., M.A.T. November 1999 Financial and other support for the development and distribution of this paper were provided by the Bureau of Primary Health Care and the HIV/AIDS Bureau, Health Resources Services Administration, United States Department of Health and Human Services, to the National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Inc., and its subsidiary, the Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians’ Network. The views presented in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily represent those of the United States government or of the National Health Care for the Homeless Council. Nothing in this paper should be construed as providing authoritative guidelines for the practice of medicine or for treatment of medical conditions. This paper may be reproduced in whole or in part with appropriate recognition to the author, John Y. Song, MD, and the publisher, the Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians’ Network, National Health Care for the Homeless Council, Inc. Second Printing February, 2000 National Health Care for the Homeless Council Health Care for the Homeless Clinicians’ Network Post Office Box 60427 Nashville TN 37206-0427 Phone 615/226-2292 Fax 615/226-1656 council@nhchc.org or network@nhchc.org http://www.nhchc.org i PREFACE HIV/AIDS...
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...as peer pressure, physical and sexual abuse, stress, and quality of parenting can greatly influence the occurrence of drug abuse and the escalation to addiction in a person’s life. (Drug facts, 2012). Drug facts, 2012 access online [www]http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/understanding-drug-abuse-addiction access on 12/11/14. 1.2 The state of public health Canada in 2008 stated Health inequalities are differences in health status experienced by various individuals or groups in society. The word Health inequalities is closely linked to “social determinants of health” (Marmot and Wilkinson, 1999) as it refers to the multiple influences upon health status, including socioeconomic status, diet, education, employment, homelessness, poor housing and income. The life style factors which influence health inequalities. These include: smoking, alcohol consumption or drug use. Marmot M, Wilkinson RG, editors. Social Determinants of Health....
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...judgment, regarding great connections over lesser or awful ones, and squeezing law to perceive and bolster those ethical separations. Additionally, requested conquering the socio-culture affects the way of life and sexualized attacks, poverty, homelessness, a solitary guardian family, class and gendered discrimination. Over the nineteen century, focus on the women freedom and give an opportunity to live their life according to their ways. In this way, there are few historical personalities contribute to promoting the rationalism for the women and give their concepts that support this entire context. Initially, Harriet Taylor gave the concept of marriage rights to the women if her husband died she would have right to use her right and can also file divorce. She also indicates the women...
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...have been conditioned to accept this type of thinking as normal. But the reality is that when we put our standard of living side by side with that of millions around the world, it appears ridiculous and inconceivable that we could allow such outrageous inequality to persist. Most of us have had moments when we have realised this, and have even felt we would like to do something about it. But all too quickly the endless distractions commercialism bombards us with push those thoughts to the back of our minds, where they lay dormant, and eventually die. [1] Martin Ravallion, Awareness of poverty over three centuries (14 February 2011) Vox, . [2] Homeless people have a life expectancy up to 30 years shorter than the national average in England:...
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...Poverty in the United States Today in America, we have a poverty rate of 14%. It is nothing compared to the large number of people that were living in poverty in France and England at the time. When the French Revolution was in motion, people were struggling to find food. People living in poverty also have the same issues. In the French Revolution, people did not have enough money to buy gravestones, housing, and most of the time clothes. In today’s world, people are all still struggling with these issues. Today, people simply die and are forgotten, sleep under bridges and trees, and wear the same clothes that are stretched and torn, for weeks at a time. Unlike in the 1780’s though, people usually do have access to clean water (in America...
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