Brian Caprarola 1. a) The balance not being zeroed would cause the mass of the substance and beaker to be different therefore effecting the density calculation seeing that density is found by mass divided by volume. b) This would affect the volume of the substance because when reading the meniscus, you are supposed to look at the bottom of the bend. Reading the volume will cause the density to be wrong again seeing that it is found by mass divided by volume. c) Air bubbles in the substance would cause the volume to be wrong therefore affecting the density.

2. An experiment that you can determine what large supply of unlabeled indicator paper is to put drops of different solutions on the paper and observe if a chemical reaction takes place. By taking a stirring rod and placing a drop of hydrochloric acid on to each paper and record if a color change takes place. The repeat is the process with water and sodium hydroxide solution. Depending if the paper has no change at all or if it turns pink or blue will let you know if an acid, base, or neutral solution was placed on the paper.

3. A simple experiment would allow you to determine which bottle contains what solution is placing a few drops of each on litmus paper. The hydrochloric acid will turn the blue paper red because it is an acidic solution. The sodium chloride solution will not show any change on the paper because it is a neutral solution. Finally, the sodium hydroxide will turn the red litmus paper blue because it is a basic solution.

4. An experiment that would allow me to determine which bottles contains solid sodium chloride or solid sodium carbonate would be to add hydrochloric acid to each and observe the reactions to see if carbon dioxide would form. The sodium carbonate would bubble.

5. The chemical reaction for heating of malachite is Cu(OH)2 CO3 + heat= CuO+H2O. The