...In late 2013, numerous fossilized skeletons were discovered in the Dinaledi Chambers of South Africa’s Rising Star Cave System. Upon analysis, these remains were determined to have belonged to that of a previously unknown hominin, known now as Homo naledi. Popular consensus in the scientific community have seen H. naledi’s uncovering as a highly prominent discovery, one that will have potentially large ramifications on our current understanding of humanity and its evolution throughout time. The focus of this paper aims to discuss the current research that is being done on H. naledi, specifically its morphology and its intelligence. In addition, the criticism of H. naledi is discussed, and why some in the scientific community are skeptical in...
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...interpretations. Correct grammar and spelling are expected. All writing is done using the passive voice and the past tense. Title • Reflect on the factual content of the paper. • Use fewer than 10 words. • Describe your specific investigation. o For instance “The Effect of Road Salt on Lentil Seed Germination and Growth” rather than “Seed Experiment” Abstract Provide a brief overview of the report in your own words The abstract should contain 5 parts (as outlined in abstract rubric) o Purpose, Hypothesis, Procedure, Results, Conclusion Be specific about results - do not use phrases like "it worked". Be very careful NOT to copy text from the lab handout. The abstract should be one paragraph and contain scientific terminology Problem • State the problem specifically in question form. o For instance, “What is the effect of road salt on the germination and growth of lentil seeds?” Hypothesis State the hypothesis using the "If, then. because" format. • Predict the results based on the problem stated. • Gather preliminary research and information before writing the hypothesis in order to ensure that the problem is testable and relevant. o For instance, “If salt is added to soil, then lentil seeds will not germinate...
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...Homo Erectus Through Paper The study of our evolution is very much an open book, which seems to me is having its chapters being written out of order and has no ending. Because we are trying to trace history that there is no history of, it is like we are trying to solve a mystery and the whole world is our crime scene, and oh yeah it's dozens of feet under ground! There seems to be theory after theory and many skeptics, but I believe it to be much simpler than it all seems. The first trace of humanity all comes back to Africa and that is where it all began, as the environment evolved so did we, into different species dependent on natural selection, ultimately ending with us, well for now. If you had what it took you would prevail, if not you died out. Once the woodlands begin to die we traveled to survive. Sure some probably stayed for others emigrated out of Africa to find better food sources. It is true with any animal that you follow the food. The findings at Dmanisi seemed to shake up what we thought was true at one point. Inside of layers of basalt and ash, a team of archaeologists found thousands of stone tools animal fossils and four skulls, two of which were considered "The Old Man and the teenager" (family ties). What was interesting about the findings was, one they seemed to be a hybrid between a Homo habilis and Homo erectus, and two their age! The layers of basalt and ash surrounding the fossils was 1.75 million years old. That's half a million years...
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...energy. Subdisciplines of biology are recognized on the basis of the scale at which organisms are studied and the methods used to study them: biochemistry examines the rudimentary chemistry of life; molecular biology studies the complex interactions of systems of biological molecules; cellular biology examines the basic building block of all life, the cell; physiology examines the physical and chemical functions of the tissues, organs, and organ systems of an organism; and ecology examines how various organisms interact and associate with their environment.[3] Contents [hide] * 1 History * 2 Foundations of modern biology * 2.1 Cell theory * 2.2 Evolution * 2.3 Genetics * 2.4 Homeostasis * 2.5 Energy * 3 Research * 3.1 Structural * 3.2 Physiological * 3.3 Evolutionary * 3.4 Systematics * 3.5 Ecology * 4...
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...Research Paper “The Neolithic Revolution” Contents: 1. Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..3 2. Literature review……………………………………………………………………..4 3. Neolithic revolution…………………………………………………………………..6 4. Conclusion…………………………………………………………………………….9 5. Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………10 Introduction The most important technological development ever to occur in human history was the domestication of plants (agriculture) and animals (pastoralism). Together these developments are called the Neolithic Revolution. To understand how the Neolithic Revolution occurred it is necessary to understand the economic system it replaced. Until the Neolithic, and in most areas for a long time after, all humans engaged in an economic activity called "hunting and gathering". This system is called "food extraction" as opposed to "food production" by agriculture and pastoralism. This period, which occurred between 12,000 and 8,000 years ago, brought along many profound changes to human society and culture, including the creation of cities and permanent dwellings, labor specialization, the baking of bread, personal property, more complex hierarchical social structures, non-agricultural crafts, slavery, the state, official marriage, personal inheritance, and more. I’ve chosen this topic because we can’t imagine our life, if there were not such a revolution. What would we be without the Neolithic Revolution? I think without the Neolithic...
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...Session 1.3: The Evolution of Cellular Life Exam review view in a separate window In this session we focus on the natural history of cells and the evolutionary timelines of their appearance. The modern phylogenetic classification of domains is used to categorize the different types of cells: bacteria, archea, and eukarya. The names of periods and organisms and certain dates are often helpful in remembering or understanding events that occur in the natural history of evolution. However, we do not expect you to know the names of all organisms mentioned nor all dates (you may find some of the sound attachments on complicated figures useful for review). Those names and dates mentioned below are the ones to key on. The focus in this session is macroevolution which looks broadly at the time lines and changes over long intervals of time. Remember that small changes over millions of years are the framework for evolving complexity from simplicity. Summary of concepts and idea An initial step in covering this material is an understanding of the different types of cells (prokaryotic, eukaryotic animal and plant), their differences, and their place in the phylogeny of life. 1. Information from pre-class reading, Bioflix animations and briefly summarized in class discusses the fundamental components of the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. You need to know the differences and understand the basic functions of the cellular components as cells as they are the fundamental...
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...Introduction IgG is an antibody probe that has an affinity for binding specifically to the IgG protein antigen. The research goal was to identify how closely the IgG of the tested species are related. This was accomplished by examining how goat IgG, specific for goat protein, responded to the same protein from cows, pigs, rats, and humans, and it was determined which animals have the most similar antigen binding reactions. The variability in each animal’s IgG protein was revealed by the level of affinity that the anti-goat IgG probe had for the species tested. Since the variability in each animal’s proteins is due to their genetic coding sequence this study clarified which species have the most similar genetic code. Immunoglobulins are the antigen-recognition molecules of B cells and are used as the main effector function in adaptive immunity. (Janeways, 2001) Their are five major immunoglobulin classes: IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG, and IgM and all five Ig classes are present in mammals and are produced from B lymphocytes as part of the immune response system. (Urich, 1994) IgG antibodies are large molecules, having a total molecular weight of 150kDa, composed of two heavy (H) peptide chains weighing approximately 50kDa and two light (L) peptide chains approximately 25kDa. (Janeways, 2001). The region of Light and Heavy chains connected by a disulfide bond makes up the Fragment antigen binding (Fab) structure, while the remaining Heavy chain region is referred to as the...
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...The domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)[2][3] is a subspecies of the gray wolf (Canis lupus), a member of the Canidae family of the mammalian order Carnivora. The term "domestic dog" is generally used for both domesticated and feral varieties. The dog was the first domesticated animal[4] and has been the most widely kept working, hunting, and pet animal in human history. The word "dog" can also refer to the male of a canine species,[5] as opposed to the word "bitch" which refers to the female of the species. MtDNA evidence shows an evolutionary split between the modern dog's lineage and the modern wolf's lineage around 100,000 years ago but, as of 2013, the oldest fossil specimens genetically linked to the modern dog's lineage date to approximately 33,000–36,000 years ago.[4][6] Dogs' value to early human hunter-gatherers led to them quickly becoming ubiquitous across world cultures. Dogs perform many roles for people, such as hunting, herding, pulling loads, protection, assisting police and military, companionship, and, more recently, aiding handicapped individuals. This impact on human society has given them the nickname "man's best friend" in the Western world. In some cultures, however, dogs are also a source of meat.[7][8] In 2001, there were estimated to be 400 million dogs in the world.[9] Most breeds of dogs are at most a few hundred years old, having been artificially selected for particular morphologies and behaviors by people for specific functional roles. Through...
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...National Curriculum Statement (NCS) Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement LIFE SCIENCES Further Education and Training Phase Grades 10-12 basic education Department: Basic Education REPUBLIC OF SOUTH AFRICA CurriCulum and assessment PoliCy statement Grades 10-12 life sCienCes CAPS LIFE SCIENCES GRADES 10-12 department of Basic education 222 Struben Street Private Bag X895 Pretoria 0001 South Africa Tel: +27 12 357 3000 Fax: +27 12 323 0601 120 Plein Street Private Bag X9023 Cape Town 8000 South Africa Tel: +27 21 465 1701 Fax: +27 21 461 8110 Website: http://www.education.gov.za © 2011 department of Basic education isBn: 978-1-4315-0578-4 Design and Layout by: Ndabase Printing Solution Printed by: Government Printing Works CURRICULUM AND ASSESSMENT POLICY STATEMENT (CAPS) LIFE SCIENCES GRADES 10-12 FOREWORD by thE ministER Our national curriculum is the culmination of our efforts over a period of seventeen years to transform the curriculum bequeathed to us by apartheid. From the start of democracy we have built our curriculum on the values that inspired our Constitution (Act 108 of 1996). the Preamble to the Constitution states that the aims of the Constitution are to: • heal the divisions of the past and establish a society based on democratic values, social justice and fundamental human rights; improve the quality of life of all citizens and free the potential of each person; lay the foundations for a democratic and open society in which...
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...The Diversityof Life Lab Manual Stephen W. Ziser Department of Biology Pinnacle Campus for BIOL 1409 General Biology: The Diversity of Life Lab Activities, Homework & Lab Assignments 2013.8 Biol 1409: Diversity of Life – Lab Manual, Ziser, 2013.8 1 Biol 1409: Diversity of Life Ziser - Lab Manual Table of Contents 1. Overview of Semester Lab Activities Laboratory Activities . . . . . . . . . 2. Introduction to the Lab & Safety Information . . . . . 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 15 30 39 46 54 68 81 104 147 3. Laboratory Exercises Microscopy . . . . . . Taxonomy and Classification . Cells – The Basic Units of Life . Asexual & Sexual Reproduction Development & Life Cycles . . Ecosystems of Texas . . . . The Bacterial Kingdoms . . . The Protists . . . . . . The Fungi . . . . . . . The Plant Kingdom . . . . The Animal Kingdom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 13 17 22 26 29 . 32 . 42 . 50 . 59 . 89 4. Lab Reports (to be turned in - deadline dates as announced) Taxonomy...
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...Metaphysics From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to:navigation, search This article is about the branch of philosophy. For the work of Aristotle, see Metaphysics (Aristotle). |Philosophy | |[pic] | |Branches[show] | |Aesthetics | |Epistemology | |Ethics | |Logic | |Metaphysics | |Social philosophy | |Political philosophy | |Eras[show] | |Ancient | |Medieval | |Modern | |Contemporary | |Traditions[show] | |Analytic | |Continental | |Eastern | |Islamic | |Marxist | |Platonic | |Scholastic | |Philosophers[show] | |Aestheticians | |Epistemologists...
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...Biology guide First assessment 2016 Biology guide First assessment 2016 Diploma Programme Biology guide Published February 2014 Published on behalf of the International Baccalaureate Organization, a not-for-profit educational foundation of 15 Route des Morillons, 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland by the International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales CF23 8GL United Kingdom Website: www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 The International Baccalaureate Organization (known as the IB) offers four high-quality and challenging educational programmes for a worldwide community of schools, aiming to create a better, more peaceful world. This publication is one of a range of materials produced to support these programmes. The IB may use a variety of sources in its work and checks information to verify accuracy and authenticity, particularly when using community-based knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. The IB respects the principles of intellectual property and makes strenuous efforts to identify and obtain permission before publication from rights holders of all copyright material used. The IB is grateful for permissions received for material used in this publication and will be pleased to correct any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted...
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...NINTH EDITION Burton’s MICROBIOLOGY FOR THE HEALTH SCIENCES Paul G. Engelkirk, PhD, MT(ASCP), SM(AAM) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Janet Duben-Engelkirk, EdD, MT(ASCP) Biomedical Educational Services (Biomed Ed) Belton, Texas Adjunct Faculty, Biotechnology Department Temple College, Temple, TX Acquisitions Editor: David B. Troy Product Manager: John Larkin Managing Editor: Laura S. Horowitz, Hearthside Publishing Services Marketing Manager: Allison Powell Designer: Steve Druding Compositor: Maryland Composition/Absolute Service Inc. Ninth Edition Copyright © 2011 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, a Wolters Kluwer business © 2007 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2004 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 2000 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, © 1996 Lippincott-Raven, © 1992, 1988, 1983, 1979 JB Lippincott Co. 351 West Camden Street Baltimore, MD 21201 Printed in the People’s Republic of China All rights reserved. This book is protected by copyright. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, including as photocopies or scanned-in or other electronic copies, or utilized by any information storage and retrieval system without written permission from the copyright owner, except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews. Materials appearing in this book prepared by individuals as part of their official duties as U.S. government employees...
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...Bad Bug Book Handbook of Foodborne Pathogenic Microorganisms and Natural Toxins Introduction Food safety is a complex issue that has an impact on all segments of society, from the general public to government, industry, and academia. The second edition of the Bad Bug Book, published by the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, provides current information about the major known agents that cause foodborne illness. The information provided in this handbook is abbreviated and general in nature, and is intended for practical use. It is not intended to be a comprehensive scientific or clinical reference. Under the laws administered by FDA, a food is adulterated if it contains (1) a poisonous or otherwise harmful substance that is not an inherent natural constituent of the food itself, in an amount that poses a reasonable possibility of injury to health, or (2) a substance that is an inherent natural constituent of the food itself; is not the result of environmental, agricultural, industrial, or other contamination; and is present in an amount that ordinarily renders the food injurious to health. The first includes, for example, a toxin produced by a fungus that has contaminated a food, or a pathogenic bacterium or virus, if the amount present in the food may be injurious to health. An example of the second...
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...0888‐7993 1744‐9480 1911‐382X 1030‐9616 0958‐5206 0361‐3682 1530‐0226 1073‐0516 1046‐8188 1049‐3301 1049‐331X 0168‐9673 0001‐6373 0001‐6918 0353‐4316 1212‐3285 4OR: Quarterly Journal of Operations Research A St A ‐ Advances in Statistical Analysis AACE International Transactions Abacus: a journal of accounting, finance and business studies Academia Economic Papers Academy of Accounting and Financial Studies Journal Academy of Entrepreneurship Journal Academy of Information and Management Sciences Journal Academy of Management Journal Academy of Management Learning and Education Academy of Management Review Academy of Marketing Science Review Academy of Marketing Studies Journal Academy of Taiwan Business Management Review Accident Analysis and Prevention Accountancy Business and the Public Interest Accounting Accountability and Performance Accounting and Business Research Accounting and Finance Accounting and Taxation Accounting and the Public Interest Accounting Auditing and Accountability Journal Accounting Commerce and Finance: The Islamic Perspective Journal Accounting Education: An International Journal Accounting Educators' Journal Accounting Forum Accounting Historians Journal Accounting History Accounting Horizons Accounting in Europe Accounting Perspectives Accounting Research Journal Accounting, Business and Financial History Accounting, Organizations and Society ACM Transactions on Asian Language Information Processing ACM Transactions on Computer ‐ Human Interaction...
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