Pathophysiology: The chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a long-term and progressive condition. In this disorder, airways and the alveoli in the lungs get impaired. In this condition, the cough develops with mucus to struggle to breathe. COPD applies to a group of lung diseases .it can be a combination of Emphysema, Bronchitis, and some time in non-reversible asthma. The two primary COPD conditions are chronic Bronchitis and Emphysema. These diseases distress different parts of the lungs, but both cause difficulty breathing. Emphysema gradually destructs the air alveoli in the lungs. Alveoli provide oxygen to the bloodstream. Over the period, Emphysema deteriorates the alveoli and finishes the elasticity of pulmonary airways. As a consequence, …show more content…
bacteria, virus ,and fungi can cause this type of pneumonia .
Hospital-acquired pneumonia
Some persons get pneumonia in a hospital stay for another disease. Hospital-acquired pneumonia can be severe due to the bacteria causing this type of pneumonia could be very resistant to medications like antibiotics and because the people already suffering from other disease get this pneumonia. Patients who are using ventilators in intensive care units are at very high risk of this kind of pneumonia.
Healthcare-acquired pneumonia
Healthcare-acquired pneumonia is an infection which is caused by Bacteria. And this kind of Pneumonia happens in people who live in long-term care facilities like Nursing home or who obtain care in the outpatient clinic for example kidney dialysis centres. Like hospital-acquired pneumonia, health care-acquired pneumonia is resistant to …show more content…
this comprise of two active ingredient Budesonide/Efomoterol and formoterol. in COPD Budesonide reduces and prevent respiratory inflammation and formoterol is a beta2-agonist bronchodilator and it is a long acting it that declines resistance in the airway and increases airflow to the lungs.
Contraindications and Adverse Reactions:
Adverse reaction can be varied from person to person some patients get mild, moderate and severe. severe and moderate reactions are very rare. severe reactions include bronchospasm, atrial tachycardia ventricular tachycardia, arrhythmia exacerbation increased intracranial pressure ocular hypertension. Moderate includes hyperglycaemia, hypokalaemia candidiasis, palpitations, hypertension angina hypotension and osteopenia. Mild sinusitis, nasal congestion, back pain, vomiting, influenza, headache, infection, rhinitis, pharyngitis, tremor nausea, muscle cramps, dizziness, cough urticaria, agitation and restless. Nursing Considerations: Monitor cardiovascular status via ECG, close monitor vital signs, do not give this drug and notify doctor immediately of Signs and Symptoms of bronchospasm, and Monitor blood sugar levels closely for loss of glycaemic