...Constitutional monarch Princess Elizabeth succeeded to the throne in the age of 25 after the death of her father, King George the VI. The next year she as given the title “Elizabeth the Second, by the Grace of God< of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and of Her other Realms and territories, the Head of the British Commonwealth of Nations, defender of the faith”. So what does the title of constitutional monarch contain and what is the role of the Queen within the UK and the Commonwealth? One can seem that the Queen takes active part in the governing of the kingdom: she is an integral part of the Parliament together with the House of Lords and the House of Commons. None of the parliamentary bill becomes a law without her Royal Assent. Prime-minister of the UK defeated in general elections or lost the majority in the House of Commons submits his petition to the Queen. And then the Queen offers a leader of the winning party to form a new government or consults with respect to whom it may be entrusted. Ambassadors accredited in London work not in some governmental department but at her court, and all honours including titles and distinctions in deed are awarded by Prime-minister on behalf of the Queen. The Queen is a commander-in-chief, head of the English church and on behalf of the Queen all the titles of archbishops and bishops. Formally she even appoints professors to their offices. In accordance with the law monarch is a head of the executive and judiciary...
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...representation in Congress (article 1 section 2) established who can serve in congress and become president and guaranted the privilege of habeas corpus for all people (article 1 section2). The Contstitution banned the importation of slaves after 1808, but permitted the practice of slavery to continue. Dred Scott v. Sandford, supreme court ruled that a former slave was not a citized under Missouri law, could not bring suit in cort, and was his master's personal property. slavery could not be excluded from the territories. helped provoke Civil War. Equal protection clause; aa quest for civil rights in turn inspired other groups to seek new laws and constitutional guarantees of their civil rights. aided by the simplicity of the clause, guarantees to any person. Amendment 1; limits on congress Amendments 2,3,4; Amendments 5,6,7,8; limits on judiciary. Amendments 9,10; limits on the national government. The bill of rights did not become a vital instrument for the extension of civil liberties for anyone until after a civil war and 14the amendment intervened. Strict scrutiny; the most stringent standard of judicial review of a government's actions in which the government must show that the law serves a compelling state interest. given a jump star in 1954 by brown v. boe. Exclusionary rule; the ability of courts to exclude evidence obtained in violation of the fourth amendment. Miranda rule; the convention derived from the supreme court's 1966 ruling in the case of miranda v. arizona...
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...Federal Government Exam 1 Review: The first exam will consist of questions generated from the following review sheet. Make sure you understand each of these topics before proceeding to the test. The exam will be timed so you will not have the ability to peruse your notes or retake the exam. The exam itself will consist of 30 multiple choice questions and you will have 35 minutes to complete the exam. Federalism: The Basic elements of a Federal system of government (i.e. how is it structured/how power is shared) • Layers of gov • Equal power • Distinct powers Powers of the federal government: delegated powers, implied powers (necessary and proper clause), and concurrent powers. • Delegated Powers: (expressed/enumerated powers) powers given to the federal government directly by the constitution. Some most important delegated powers are: the authority to tax, regulated interstate commerce, authority to declare war, and grants the president role of commander and chief of the military • Implied Powers: Powers not expressed in the constitution, but that can be inferred. “Necessary and proper clause” • Concurrent powers: powers shared by both levels of government. Ex: Taxes, roads, elections, commerce, establishing courts and a judicial system • Reserved powers: powers not assigned by the constitution to the national government but left to the states or the people. Guaranteed by the 10th amendment. Include “police power”-health and public...
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...------------------------------------------------- Top of Form Bottom of Form A Guide to India’s Legal Research and Legal System By Dr. Rakesh Kumar Srivastava Dr. R.K. Shrivastava is presently Chief Librarian at the Supreme Court of India, New Delhi. He has more than twenty-four years of experience in the field of law librarianship in India. He has a degree in Law, a Postgraduate degree in Library & Information Science and a Doctorate degree in Library & Information Science. He has been a guest faculty member in many institutions, an academic counsellor of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) and the Rajarishi Tandon Open University, Allahabad. He has been an Honorary Principal of School of Law of Library Science, Lucknow for more than 15 years. He is a member of many professional bodies, including his service as the General Secretary of the U.P. Library Association and the Vice-President of the Indian Library Association. Due to his work in the field of law librarianship, he has been awarded by the U.P. Government. He is presently a member of the Academic Council, Hidayatullah National Law University, Raipur. He recently delivered lectures on legal research methodology in National Judicial Academy, Bhopal and Karnataka Judicial Academy, Bangalore, Academic Staff College, Jamia Milia Univesity and in Ranganathan Research Circle, New Delhi. He has published more than fifty papers on various aspects of library and information science and law...
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...MANU/SC/0241/2007 Equivalent Citation: 2007(2)ALT1(SC), JT2007(2)SC1, (2007)3SCC184, [2007]1SCR317 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Writ Petition (Civil) No. 1 of 2006, Transferred Case Nos. 82 to 90 of 2006 and Writ Petition (C) No. 129 of 2006 Decided On: 10.01.2007 Appellants: Raja Ram Pal Vs. Respondent: The Hon'ble Speaker, Lok Sabha and Ors. Parameter of judicial review in relation to exercise of parliamentary provisions Hon'ble Judges/Coram: Y.K. Sabharwal, C.J., K.G. Balakrishnan, C.K. Thakker, R.V. Raveendran and D.K. Jain, JJ. Counsels: For Appellant/Petitioner/Plaintiff: Ram Jethmalani, P.N. Lekihi, T.R. Andhyarujina, Sr. Advs., Krishan Singh Chauhan, Indra Pratap Singh, Gyan Mitra, Chand Kiran, P.K. Jayakrishnan, K.C. Lamba, Sudha Pal, V.K. Shukla, Nischal Kumar Neeraj, Ashish Tripathi, K.K. Mohan, Nawal Kishore Jha, M.P. Jha, Harshvardha Jha, Ram Ekbal Roy, Rani Jethmalani, Harish Pandey, Samar Bansal, Abhik Kumar, P.R. Mala, Rajiv Kumar Tiwari, Rajesh Kumar, Sanjai Tiwari, Lata Krishnamurthi, Sachin Jain, Mukesh Kumar Tripathi, Lokesh Kumar, M.K. Garg, Meenakshi Arora, S. K. Mehndiratta, Pranav Sen, S.W.A. Qadri, Mahra, R.M. Sharma, Sushma Suri, Advs., Gopal Subramanian, ASG., Dayan Krishnan, Gautam Narayan, Satyakam, T.S. Murthy, Raghenth Basant, Aman Ahluwalia, Arunav Patnaik, Abhishek Tiwari and D.S. Mahra, Advs. Subject: Constitution Acts/Rules/Orders: Constitution of India (Forty-fourth Amendment) Act, 1978 - Section 15, Constitution of India (Forty-fourth Amendment)...
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...2008 competing interests in the case at bar are the claim of executive privilege by the President, on the one hand, and the respondent Senate Committees’ assertion of their power to conduct legislative inquiries, on the other. The particular facts and circumstances of the present case, stripped of the politically and emotionally charged rhetoric from both sides and viewed in the light of settled constitutional and legal doctrines, plainly lead to the conclusion that the claim of executive privilege must be upheld. Assailed in this motion for reconsideration is our Decision dated March 25, 2008 (the "Decision"), granting the petition for certiorari filed by petitioner Romulo L. Neri against the respondent Senate Committees on Accountability of Public Officers and Investigations, 1 Trade and Commerce,2 and National Defense and Security (collectively the "respondent Committees"). 3 A brief review of the facts is imperative. ROMULO L. NERI, petitioner, vs. SENATE COMMITTEE ON ACCOUNTABILITY OF PUBLIC OFFICERS AND INVESTIGATIONS, SENATE COMMITTEE ON TRADE AND COMMERCE, AND SENATE COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL DEFENSE AND SECURITY, respondents. RESOLUTION LEONARDO-DE CASTRO, J.: Executive privilege is not a personal privilege, but one that adheres to the Office of the President. It exists to protect public interest, not to benefit a particular public official. Its purpose, among others, is to assure that the nation will receive the benefit of candid, objective and untrammeled communication...
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...Unit IV: Continuing Sectionalism, Civil War, And Reconstruction. 1853 To 1877 1. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854 – A Bill introduced by Steven Douglas to organize the Nebraska territory. He hoped to build a transcontinental railroad making Chicago the terminus, but they could not do this until the Indians were cleared away and the land was in control. Nebraska would presumably become a free state due to the Missouri Compromise but to please the South Douglas argued that the territories should be left open to popular sovereignty. Douglas pushed for the bill and won, therefore the Missouri Compromise was repealed and the North was in an uproar. 2. Birth of the Republican Party- Made up of former Free Soilers, Conscience Whigs, and “Anti-Nebraska” Democrats. Presented themselves as the party of freedom though they were not abolitionist, but they believed that slavery be kept out of the territories. The Republican Party appealed too many to voters who not only disagreed with slavery but also wanted to keep slavery out of their states. 3. Stephan A. Douglas- Known as the “Little Giant,” he was the most prominent spokesman of the Young American movement. He held a series of state offices before being elected for the United States Senate at the age of 29. Douglas wanted to get on with the development of the nation; to build railroads, acquire new territory, and expand trade. This made him suggest and push for the Kansas-Nebraska Act. 4. Popular Sovereignty- Also known as...
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...LAWS OF KENYA The ConsTiTuTion of Kenya Revised Edition 2010 Published by the National Council for Law Reporting with the Authority of the Attorney General 2 Constitution of Kenya [Rev. 2010 THE CONSTITUTION OF KENYA ARRANGEMENT OF ARTICLES PREAMBLE CHAPTER ONE—SOVEREIGNTY OF THE PEOPLE AND SUPREMACY OF THIS CONSTITUTION 1—Sovereignty of the people. 2—Supremacy of this Constitution. 3—Defence of this Constitution. CHAPTER TWO—THE REPUBLIC 4—Declaration of the Republic. 5—Territory of Kenya. 6—Devolution and access to services. 7—National, official and other languages. 8—State and religion. 9—National symbols and national days. 10—National values and principles of governance. 11—Culture. CHAPTER THREE—CITIZENSHIP 12—Entitlements of citizens. 13—Retention and acquisition of citizenship. 14—Citizenship by birth. 15—Citizenship by registration. 16—Dual citizenship. 17—Revocation of citizenship. 18—Legislation on citizenship. CHAPTER FOUR—THE BILL OF RIGHTS Part 1—General Provisions relatinG to the Bill of riGhts 19—Rights and fundamental freedoms. 20—Application of Bill of Rights. 21—Implementation of rights and fundamental freedoms. 22—Enforcement of Bill of Rights. 23—Authority of courts to uphold and enforce the Bill of Rights. 24—Limitation of rights or fundamental freedoms. 25—Fundamental Rights and freedoms that may not be limited. Rev. 2010] Constitution of Kenya Part 2—riGhts and fundamental freedoms 3 26—Right to life. 27—Equality and freedom from discrimination...
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...MANU/SC/0293/1998 Equivalent Citation: AIR1998SC2120, 1997(1)ALD(Cri)157, 1998(1)ALD(Cri)762, 1997(1) BLJR263, 1998CriLJ2930, JT1998(3)SC318, 1998(2)PLJR67, 1998(3)SCALE53, (1998)4SCC626, [1998]2SCR870 citation image IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Crl.A. Nos. 1207-1208 of 1997 [With Crl.A. Nos. 1209/97, 1210-12/97, 1213/97, 1214/97, 1215/97, 1216/97, 1217-18/97, 1219/97, 1220/97, 1221/97, 1222/97, 186/98 (Arising out of S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 2/98) and 187/98 (Arising out of S.L.P. (Crl.) No. 366/98)]. Decided On: 17.04.1998 Appellants: P.V. Narsimha Rao Vs. Respondent: State (CBI/SPE) Hon'ble Judges: S. C. Agrawal, G.N. Ray, A.S. Anand, S.B. Bharucha and S. Rajendra Babu, JJ. Counsels: Ashok H. Desai, Attorney General for India, T.R. Andhyarujina, Solicitor General, P.P. Rao, Kapil Sibal and D.D. Thakur, Sr. Advs., Ranjit Kumar, Anu Mohla, I.C. Pandey, C. Paramasivam, Ajay Talesara, Jamshed Bey, Rakhi Roy, Bina Gupta, Surat Singh, Ashok Mahajan, P.P. Singh, Chandrashekar, Girish Ananthamurthy, B.Y. Kulkarni, Navin Prakash, Arun Bhardwaj, K.C. Kaushik, Manish Sharma, D. Prakash Reddy, L. Nageshwara Rao, Indu Malhotra, Rajiv Dutta, Akhilesh Kumar Pandey, Bharat Sangal, R.P. Wadhwani, P.K. Manohar, P. Parameswaran, A. Mariarputham and S.C. Jain, Advs Subject: Media and Communication Subject: Criminal Acts/Rules/Orders: Privileges of Parliament Act, 1512 ;Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 108, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 - Section 164, Code of Criminal Procedure, 1973 Section...
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...[Enter Document Title] Foundations of the U.S. Legal System Prof. William Ewald Contributors Wim De Vlieger Suvitcha Nativivat Alasdair Henderson Ana Carolina Kliemann Alexey Kruglyakov Rafael A. Rosillo Pasquale Siciliani Paul Lanois Gloria M. Gasso Kamel Ait El Hadj Yuanyuan Zheng Ana L. Marquez Pumthan Chaichantipyuth Wenzhen Dai Penn Law Summer 2006 I. Introduction and Historical Background A. What the course will cover? This is not an introductory course. You are all lawyers; I shall assume a good deal of professional expertise, and that many of you already have a body of knowledge about American law. The task: prepare you for the coming year, give you the basic grounding that you will need for the courses you are going to start taking in September. For this, you need two things: ♥ A great deal of basic factual information about how the courts and the legal system function, and about basic legal concepts (and legal vocabulary); ♥ But more importantly: background information about some of the critical ways in which the American legal system is unique, and differs from legal systems elsewhere in the world. This is hard: often you will find that your professors or fellow‐students will make assumptions or presuppose certain ways of doing things that aren’t explained in class. A large goal of this course is to explain those assumptions...
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...NEW YORK UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF LAW JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW AND POLITICS GUIDE TO FOREIGN AND INTERNATIONAL LEGAL CITATIONS FIRST EDITION ● 2006 © Copyright 2006 by New York University Contents FORWARD AND GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS................................................................................................. xiii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ......................................................................................................................................xv COUNTRY CITATION GUIDES ARGENTINA...............................................................................................................................................................1 I. COUNTRY PROFILE ..................................................................................................................................1 II. CITATION GUIDE.......................................................................................................................................2 1.0 CONSTITUTION...................................................................................................................................2 2.0 LEGISLATION......................................................................................................................................2 3.0 JURISPRUDENCE ................................................................................................................................3 4.0 BOOKS .....................................
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...pages, most half-filled with earnest scrawl, I described my parents, brothers, pets, house, hobbies, school, sports and plans for the future. Forty-two years later, I began writing another memoir, this one about the eight years I spent in the White House living history with Bill Clinton. I quickly realized that I couldn’t explain my life as First Lady without going back to the beginning―how I became the woman I was that first day I walked into the White House on January 20, 1993, to take on a new role and experiences that would test and transform me in unexpected ways. By the time I crossed the threshold of the White House, I had been shaped by my family upbringing, education, religious faith and all that I had learned before―as the daughter of a staunch conservative father and a more liberal mother, a student activist, an advocate for children, a lawyer, Bill’s wife and Chelsea’s mom. For each chapter, there were more ideas I wanted to discuss than space allowed; more people to include than could be named; more places visited than could be described. If I mentioned everybody who has impressed, inspired, taught, influenced and helped me along the way, this book would be several volumes long. Although I’ve had to be selec- tive, I hope that I’ve conveyed the push and pull of events and relationships that affected me and continue to shape and enrich my world today. Since leaving the White House I have embarked on a new phase of my life...
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...Unit I Foreign Policy What is Foreign Policy? Foreign policy has many exegesis as there are internationalist who attempt to define this most intriguing subject of international relations. Initially, it has been define as a “ statement of national goals limited both absolutely and relatively by national power”. The Foreign Service Institute of the Philippines prefers to allude to it as “ set of guidelines articulated by the government to a country in order to promote its national interest through the conduct of its relations with other countries” The Foreign Service Institute of the Philippines has likewise quoted a dictum ascribed to President Ferdinand E. Marcos that: The foreign policy of a nation is the articulation of its fondest needs and aspiration, and in international affairs, it is its sole weapon for the promotion of national interest. Foreign Policy is a “part of the general program of government. It is furthermore an extension of its domestic policy”. The term “system” when used in the context of an organization, implies an entity composed of a set of parts and created to accomplish certain, objectives. The aim of the system is the coordination of human efforts and material resources to produce desired results in a dynamic organization. An organization, as social system, has certain inherent characteristics: 1) it has subsystem and, is part of a suprasystem in continual interaction with one another 2) It has define objectives...
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...rates have been bid up, as happens; the Chinese are victims of their own success, you could say. And secondly, the rest of the countries in the world are not going through high rates of growth, and they’re not going to be importing the way they had been historically. So, that formula isn’t going to be as successful going forward as it has been. China needs to shift away from an export-driven economy to more of a consumption model. It needs to be mindful about funding its state-owned enterprises, about subsidizing state-owned companies. It needs to lessen its reliance on low-end manufacturing and move up the value chain. By the way, these aren’t my observations; these are observations by Chinese leadership. If you follow any Chinese leader’s speech on China’s economic transformation, these are the points he’ll make. We would call that market rationalism or just normal evolution as a country rises to middle-income status. But there are also some countervailing impulses. There’s a strong streak of economic nationalism; there is a desire to promote national champions; there are protectionist impulses; and investment barriers—the policies called indigenous innovation, where China looks for ways to highlight or promote local companies at the expense of international competition. The fundamental economic question is: Will market rationalism prevail over these kinds of distortions, whether you call them...
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...North American Coast. 1539-1542: Hernando de Soto explores the Mississippi River Valley. 1540-1542: Coronado explores what will be the Southwestern United States. 1565: Spanish found the city of St. Augustine in Florida. 1579: Sir Francis Drake explores the coast of California. 1584 – 1587: Roanoke – the lost colony 1607: British establish Jamestown Colony – bad land, malaria, rich men, no gold - Headright System – land for population – people spread out 1608: French establish colony at Quebec. 1609: United Provinces establish claims in North America. 1614: Tobacco cultivation introduced in Virginia. – by Rolfe 1619: First African slaves brought to British America. 15. Virginia begins representative assembly – House of Burgesses 1620: Plymouth Colony is founded. - Mayflower Compact signed – agreed rule by majority • 1624 – New York founded by Dutch 1629: Mass. Bay founded – “City Upon a Hill” - Gov. Winthrop - Bi-cameral legislature, schools 1630: The Puritan Migration 1632: Maryland – for profit – proprietorship 1634 – Roger Williams banished from Mass. Bay Colony 1635: Connecticut founded 1636: Rhode Island is founded – by Roger Williams 23. Harvard College is founded • 1638 – Delaware founded – 1st church, 1st school • 1649 – Maryland Toleration Act – for Christains – latter repealed 1650-1696: The Navigation Acts are enacted by Parliament. - limited trade, put tax on...
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