...contain meaning. The meaning exists in your mind and in the mind of your receiver. To understand one another, you and your receiver must share similar meanings for words, gestures, tone of voice, and other symbols. 1. Differences in perception The world constantly bombards us with information: sights, sounds, scents, and so on. Our minds organize this stream of sensation into a mental map that represents our perception or reality. In no case is the perception of a certain person the same as the world itself, and no two maps are identical. As you view the world, your mind absorbs your experiences in a unique and personal way. Because your perceptions are unique, the ideas you want to express differ from other people’s Even when two people have experienced the same event, their mental images of that event will not be identical. As senders, we choose the details that seem important and focus our attention on the most relevant and general, a process known as selective perception. As receivers, we try to fit new details into our existing pattern. If a detail doesn’t quite fit, we are inclined to distort the information rather than rearrange the pattern. 2. Incorrect filtering Filtering is screening out before a message is passed on to someone else. In business, the filters between you and your receiver are many; secretaries, assistants, receptionists, answering machines, etc. Those same gatekeepers may also ‘translate’ your receiver’s ideas and responses before passing them on to you...
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...message from the sender. Encoding – this is the process that the sender puts the information into a medium that best suits the purpose of the massage. Decoding - is the process by which the receiver interprets the message into meaning. STATEMENT OF INTENT This paper will look at barriers to effective communication and the corrective measures to reduce or eliminate them. Language problems When you choose the words for your message, you reveal a certain code which references your background, culture and subculture. The nature of your code imposes its own barriers on your message. Barriers exist because words can be interpreted in more than one way. Language is an arbitrary code that depends on shared definitions, but there's a limit to how completely any of us share the same meaning...
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...Assignment #1 1. Quezon City, Philippines is located in Asia. 2. There are no countries bordering the Philippines because it is an island like Japan. 3. The closest major body of water is Pacific Ocean. More specifically the North Pacific Ocean. 4. The Philippines is in the Southeast Pacific Asia region. 5. I associate some of my friends to the Philippines because they always come in with Lechón, a popular fiesta food that is made of a full adult pig being roasted. Sometimes baby pigs are a substitute for the adult pig. 1. Damascus, Syria is also located on the Asian continent. 2. Syria is bordered by Turkey on the north, Lebanon and Israel on the west, Iraq on the east, and Jordan on the south. It consists of mountain ranges in the west, the Syrian Desert in the east, and the Jabal al-Druze Range in the south. 3. Syria is closest to the Mediterranean Sea and the Indian Ocean. 4. Syria is located in the Western Asia region. 5. What I know about Syria is that is holds a certain religious standing in my life. I visit Syria because of certain mausoleums that are currently over there. I also know that Syria’s government is republic under an authoritarian regime. I also do know that although Syria does consume a lot of oil, they do try to use renewable energy such as hydroelectric power. 1. Kigali, Rwanda is on the African continent. 2. The countries that border Rwanda are Uganda, which is located to the north, Tanzania, which is located to the...
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...Barriers to Great Communication There are seven types of Barriers to Communication. Many people think that communicating is easy. It is after all something we do all our lives. There is some truth in this view. Communicating is straightforward. What makes it complex, difficult, and frustrating are the barriers we put in the way. Physical barriers Physical barriers in the workplace include: marked out territories, empires and fiefdoms into which strangers are not allowed closed office doors, barrier screens, and separate areas for people of different status large working areas or working in one unit that is physically separate from others. Research shows that one of the most important factors in building cohesive teams is proximity. As long as people still have a personal space that they can call their own, nearness to others aids communication because it helps us get to know one another. Perceptual barriers The problem with communicating with others is that we all see the world differently. If we didn’t, we would have no need to communicate: something like extrasensory perception would take its place. The following anecdote is a reminder of how our thoughts, assumptions and perceptions shape our own realities Emotional barriers One of the chief barriers to open and free communications is the emotional barrier. It is comprised mainly of fear, mistrust and suspicion. The roots of our emotional mistrust of others lie in our childhood and infancy when we were taught to be...
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...surroundings. All perception includes signals in the nervous system, which in turn result from chemical or physical stimulation of the sense organs. For example, smell is mediated by odor modules, hearing involves pressure waves and vision includes light striking at the retina of the eye. Perception is not the passive receipt of these signals, but is shaped by memory, learning, attention and expectation. Perception involves these "top-down" effects as well as the "bottom-up" process of processing sensory input. The...
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...Photoshop has caused news photography to be looked at in a new light. As a result, pictures that have been manipulated have been called into question, and therefore have had a significant effect on the credibility of various forms of print media. In this new age of media, where circulation is down and corporations are cutting employees, credibility is a much talked about commodity. Although photo manipulation has a great effect on the credibility of media, it should be considered an art form and given a certain amount of freedom. To accurately understand the argument, the history of pre-Photoshop manipulation opens the paper, followed by modern manipulation and the backlash it has caused, what credibility is, how newspapers are addressing photo manipulation, and how modern manipulation should be handled and the standards that it is held to. Photoshop is a tool that has made the practice of photo manipulation both easy and affordable. But what is photo manipulation? It is simply altering an original image, taking the negative or digital image and changing it in some way. This practice has always been common, as photographers have enhanced lighting or used filters to eliminate a certain color. However, in the context of this paper most of the examples addressed deal with the current, narrower view of photo manipulation. According to the 2006 edition of Merriam Webster, photo manipulation is defined as “the application of image editing techniques to photographs in order to create...
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...“Canada is an unknown territory for the people who live in it, and I’m not talking about the fact that you may not have taken a trip to the Arctic or to Newfoundland, you may not have explored as the travel folders have it – This Great Land of Ours. I’m talking about Canada as a state of mind, as the space you inhabit not just with your body but with your head. It’s that kind of space in which we find ourselves lost. What a lost person needs is a map of the territory, with his own position marked on it so he can see where he is in relation to everything else. Literature is not only a mirror; it is also a map, a geography of the mid. Our literature is one such map, if we can learn to read it as our literature, as the product of who and where we have been. We need such a map desperately; we need to know about here, because here is where we live. For the members of a country or culture, shared knowledge of their place, their here, is not a luxury but a necessity. Without that knowledge we will not survive.” Margaret Atwood, Survival As Atwood’s statement demonstrates, Canadian literature is concerned with place and displacement, and with the development of an effective identifying relationship between self and environs. Canada’s literature whether written in English or French reflects three main parts of Canadian experience. First, Canadian writers often emphasize the effects of climate and geography on the life and work of their people. Second, frontier’s...
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...A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT Amanda J. Gregory Centre for Systems Studies, Business School, University of Hull, Cottingham Road, Hull, HU6 7RX, United Kingdom, A.J.Gregory@hull.ac.uk ABSTRACT Strategic management involves decision-making about an organization's objectives together with the formulation and implementation of plans, particularly regarding the allocation of resources, to support their achievement. As such, strategic management is a dynamic and complex process involving consideration of internal and external factors, and the short and long term. The effectiveness of an organization’s strategic management can critically impact upon its viability and there are many reasons why the stategic management process may fail. Such reasons include failure to: think creatively about the likely affects of plans obtain external/internal participation and commitment co-ordinate and control resources. In this paper it is argued that many of the reasons for failure may be attributed to the successive dominance of different reductionist approaches to strategic management. From a systems perspective it may be argued that such approaches represent partial approaches to strategic management that neglect the complex, embedded and dynamic nature of modern organizations. Accordingly, the reasons why strategic plans fail are taken to provide a framework for the evaluation of the potential contribution of a range of systems methodologies to the strategic management process...
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...business world behaves! "I dreamed a thousand new paths... I woke and walked my old one" Chinese Proverb Information is the lifeblood of an organization. Information is also one of the most improperly used tools in managing a firm. Organizations become mesmerized with information organized and analyzed according to generally accepted practices and processed with the latest state-of-the-art software. This “formula for success” puts blinders on managers and prevents organizations from viewing information in innovative ways. If an organization is to prosper, it must ask itself if it needs an information transformation. An information transformation begins by challenging the myths that freezes an organization into inactivity and distorts an organization’s culture. Some of the most egregious management myths include the following: Myth 1 Accounting information fairly represents business facts—Today’s financial information...
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...|CONTENTS | |KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION AND DECISION |2 | |ASSESSING KNOWLEDGE AND INFORMATION NEEDS |3 | |INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION |6 | |RECOMMENDATIONS |7 | |DECISION MAKING PROCESS |9 | |STAKE HOLDERS AND DECISION MAKING PROCESS |9 | |STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVEMENTS |12 | |COMMUNICATION |13 | |THE COMMUNICATION PROCESS |13 | |COMMUNICATION PROCESS WITHIN AN ORGANIZATION...
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...Definition of 'Accounting Information System - AIS'The collection, storage and processing of financial and accounting data that is used by decision makers. An accounting information system is generally a computer-based method for tracking accounting activity in conjunction with information technology resources. The resulting statistical reports can be used internally by management or externally by other interested parties including investors, creditors and tax authorities. | Answer:There are various importance of accounting information to a business entity. Getting to know what an accounting information is and the importance (need) of it is a great step to improving one's capital base, both from the finance aspect to the resources (raw materials) an organisation uses in carrying out its objectives. An accounting information is simply the data which an organisation/business entity is able to make known to its users. It should be taken note that these users of accounting are of various sections - to which a business entity is one of. A business entity will require an accounting information so as to enable it manage and control its finances and resources. It also needs it for it to be able to improve on its level of profit earning, should it realises it is declining in its profitability level. It also needs to for it know the differences between its marginal liability and its marginal assets. There are so many importance of a business information to a business enterprise, but the...
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...to the 4th May 2014, total sales excluding fuel were down by 4.2% (down 5.6% including fuel) and like for like sales were down 7.1% (8.2% including fuel). Earlier in the year ABC had already announced plans to realise savings of £1bn over the coming three years to strengthen the business and reinforce its core customer proposition. In order to deliver these savings the business will need to undertake a root and branch review of all its activities and every team and department has a responsibility to the wider business to contribute to meeting this savings target by working in the most efficient manner possible. In 2003 Sir Peter Gershon led a review into efficiency within the public services and expressed the potential for efficiencies in four ways: • Reduced costs for same outputs. • Reduced staff time for the same outputs. • More quality for the same resources. • More outputs for the same resources. Source:A- Systematic Approach to Service Improvement 2008,ODPM . Within ABC Logistics there are many opportunities for efficiency gains within all of these four categories. Historically ABC has been developed in a mechanistic manner adopting a push mentality in regards to its customers commonly referred to as ‘stack em high and sell em cheap’. This philosophy towards the customer also meant that the...
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...AACSB: Communication Abilities Learning Outcome: Discuss the challenges and importance of business communications. 2) When it comes to communication skills, employers express particular frustration with A) experienced workers who shun new technologies. B) recent college graduates who haven't learned how to adapt to a professional environment. C) employees whose first language is not English. D) male workers. E) employees who believe they are tech-savvy. Answer: B Explanation: B) Not all situations call for the same type of communication skills. If you learn to write well, speak well, listen well, and recognize the appropriate way to communicate in any situation, you will gain a major advantage that will serve you well throughout your career. The other groups of employers are not necessarily going to have trouble communicating in a professional environment at all times. Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3 Skill: Concept Objective: 2 AACSB: Communication Abilities Learning Outcome: Discuss the challenges and importance of business communications. 3) Stakeholders affected by the quality of business communication include A) customers. B) employees. C) suppliers. D) shareholders. E) all of the above. Answer: E Explanation: E) Stakeholders are those groups of people affected in some way by the...
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... | | | |R.L.NARASIMHAN | | Part-time Faculty | BUSINESS COMMUNICATION AND SOFT SKILLS Communication is the life blood of social as well as corporate world. We exist because we communicate. Even our silence communicates a lot. We all have a layman’s idea of what communication is , but let us try to understand the concept fully so that we can use it effectively. Communication is the process by which we exchange meanings , facts , ideas ,opinions or emotions with other people. It is an essential condition of our existence and the most important activity of ours. The word communication has been derived from Latin word “ communicare/communis’ that means to ‘share’ or ‘participate’ . Everybody knows that most of the time , through speech or writing or any other means like exchange of a common set of symbols , we are sharing information with other human beings. It is , therefore , first and foremost a social activity. Man as a social animal has to communicate. Communication...
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...COMMUNICATION PROBLEMS FACED BY MALACCA HEALTH DEPARTMENT (MHD) ON ANTI SMOKING CAMPAIGN INTRODUCTION Communication refers to the act, by one or more persons, of sending and receiving messages that are distorted by noise, occur within a context, have some effect, and provide some opportunity for feedback. All communication takes place in a context that has at least four dimensions: physical, cultural, social psychological and temporal. Communication always has some effect on one or more person involved in the communication act. For every communication act, there is some consequence. For example, we may gain knowledge or learn how to analyze, synthesize, or evaluate something. These are intellectual or cognitive effects. Or we may acquire or change our attitudes, beliefs, emotions and feelings. These are effective effects. We may even learn new bodily movements, such as throwing a ball or painting a picture, as well as appropriate verbal and nonverbal behaviours. These are psychomotor effects.Communication behaviours, whether they involve verbal messages, gestures, or some combination thereof, usually occur in “packages” (Pittenger,Hockett,& Danehy 1960). Communication is transactional (Barnlund 1970; Watzlawick 1977, 1978; Watzlawick, Beavin, & Jackson 1967; Wilmot 1987). One implication of viewing communication as transactional is that each person is seen as both speaker and listener, as simultaneously sending and receiving messages. Each person in a communication transaction...
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