... 2015 It is imperative if one is to be a student of the bible they must know the history and chain of events surrounding the major areas of the bible and prominent figures. Do you not know that the history of the Old Testament is found primarily in the first 17 books Genesis-Esther, of our English Bibles? Genesis 1-11 more or less serves as the introduction to the whole Bible. Themes developed throughout the rest of scripture begin here. The Old Testament serves as a schoolmaster into the New and therefore requires extensive hours of study and comprehension to grasp what was happening under the law during Old Testament time. It cannot be studied without considering the influence of worldly events. Combined, the Old Testament and secular history merge to form a tapestry revealing God’s plan for humanity. The purpose of this paper is to provide a brief history of the Second Temple Period beginning with the Persian Period and Israel’s return from exile and end with the destruction of the Second Temple in AD 70. This paper will also address how various events, individuals, and groups impacted the Jews and the land of Israel leading up to and during the time of Christ. In the Second part of the research we will look at Alexander the Great highlight the event, person, group, ideology in depth while explaining how it affected the first century world of the Jews and their expectation of the Messiah. The Second Temple period, also...
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..."Who lives, who dies, who tells your story?" was not the original concern for the great Alexander Hamilton. Not believing that he could live past twenty, this man went on to accomplish many great things and convince New Yorkers to agree to ratify the U.S. Constitution. The brilliant work of Hamilton was displayed through the masterful musical "Hamilton" created by Lin-Manuel Miranda. As Niccoló Machiavelli claims, a politician's success relies on two factors; his own abilities or skills and his external circumstances. These hold true for what led Alexander Hamilton to successes. "By fourteen, they placed him in charge of a trading charter" (Alexander Hamilton, Miranda). The trading charter involved dealing with associations formed by investors...
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...“The leader of men in warfare can show himself to his followers only through a mask, a mask that he must make for himself, but a mask made I such form as will mark him to men of his time and place as the leader they want and need.” John Keegan, “The mask of command” The book “The mask of command” by John Keegan is one of the greatest collection about leaders separated in time and history space, and analyzing technical aspect of warfare of particular historical time related to Alexander the Great, Arthur Wellesley, U.S. Grant, and Adolph Hitler. The mask of command is a work based on facts, real events, real people, character description, styles, and places separated into four chapters and conclusion. The first chapter, “Alexander the Great and Heroic Leadership”, describe the life, personality and its achievements. Alexander, son of Philip II of Macedon would become known worldwide as founder of Hellenistic world and the most famous general of antiquity what no other could be before or since. The second chapter, “Wellington: the Anti-Hero” examine Wellington’s military career in Britain during the period of his exile in India to its peak of career the defeat of Napoleon at Waterloo. Moreover, John Keegan talk over Wellington’s numerous rewards and later achievements as Prime Minister of Britain. The third chapter, “Grant and Unheroic Leadership” is focused on military growth of Civil War General Ulysses S. Grant starting with the period of being solder to obtaining the position...
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...How Great Was Alexander the Great? Innovative, strategic, focused. These are a few words that describe Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great was trained in philosophy by Aristotle then became king of Macedonia at the age of twenty after his father died. After being crowned king, Alexander wanted to expand his kingdom. He and his well trained army fought their way across the world, defeating the Persians, conquering land, and founding cities. After eight years of tough terrain and long battles, Alexander’s men become weak. Even after Alexander’s beseeching implorement, the army refused to go any farther. Once Alexander had returned home, he was diagnosed with a fever, caused by the unhealed wounds surrounding his body, and died at the age...
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...generally humble beginnings from which he created great outcomes. Born into one of the oldest French Family’s, Lafayette grew up with a taste for blood which his long line of warrior ancestors passed down to him proceeding him to join the United States revolution. However before that Lafayette grew up mostly with his grandmother as his Father was killed by British in the battle of Minden and his mother not well enough to support him. At age 17 he joined the Freemasons leading into his interest in helping to gain the French and United States independence. Then at 19 Lafayette joined the American revolution quickly forming a father son bond with General George Washington leading him to fight alongside at many battles. Lafayette returned to France after being in the colonies and...
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...Alexander the Civilizer or Alexander the Tyrant? THESIS: Alexander the Great was only 20 years old when he became king in 336, BC and, thanks to his father Philip II and to his education under Aristotle, he was a very competent and able commander. He learned early how to ride a horse, use weapons and command troops. He conquered the Greeks and then led them into battle against the Persians. He liberated Egypt. He then defeated Persia and marched his troops across Iran and Afghanistan, and could go no further because he got sick and died. According to most accounts, he was intelligent, handsome, and a successful military leader, one who cared about his men and paid attention to even the lowest soldier. He respected his enemies by giving them glorious funerals (Darius of Persia) and/or awarding them large expanses of territory after defeating them (King Porus of Paurava). He is credited with playing a huge part in the spread of Greek culture into all the regions he conquered, leading to a flourishing of trade, cultural diversity, art and architecture, education, philosophy, math and science up until the rise of the Roman Empire. By some accounts his quests reached as far north as the Arctic Ocean and as far east as China and he died at the age of 33. Despite all of his accomplishments, both contemporary historians and historians through the ages have seen Alexander in a different light. In this light, Alexander's military prowess were only possible due to the actions...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY ACCOUNT OF THE INTERTESTAMENTAL PERIOD IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE NBST 525 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA August CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 BIBLIOGRAPHY 2 INTRODUCTION The “Intertestamental period”, or the “Second Temple Period” represent a period within history, which upholds an interpretation for both Christianity and Judaism. According to Judaism, this era acknowledges the “Second Temple Period”, which exemplifies the Jewish Diaspora. First, “diaspora” simply means “dispersion” or “scattering.” This dispersion or scattering began through the efforts of the Assyrians when they defeated Israel in 722 B.C. In effect, the Jewish nation dispersed all over the Middle East, Egypt, and Babylon. These individuals literally disappeared from antiquity due to the results of the Jewish Diaspora. However, Nebuchadnezzar endured the Jewish populaces to inaugurate a cohesive group within Babylon around 597 B.C. Nevertheless, the subject of this essay will focus on the Christian assessment of the “Intertestamental Period.” For centuries, Christian intellectuals describe the era from the final quarter of the fifth century B.C. to the first century A.D. as the “Intertestamental Period.” This era arises with the reconstructing of the Jewish temple in the late sixth century, and terminating with its annihilation in A.D. 70. The “Intertestamental Period” represents a significant account...
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...How significant was the role of individuals in the making of modern Russia 1856-1964 The influence of individuals in the making of modern Russia fluctuated recurrently in the years 1856-1964. T, this was mainly due to the instability of the government and the consequent constraints aswell as outside pressures that were placed on the leaders. Despite this, certain individuals were able to exert a greater influence than others. However, the circumstances in which the indivudals acted and the poltical structure which allowed for it influenced the making of modern Russia, more than the individual. Individuals had an short term and long term impacts. Lenin is an example of an individual who had both. Because he was an undisputed Leader he was in aprime position to make significant changes. One such change would be the introduction of NEP. He believed that “economically and politically speaking the New Economic Policy completely ensures to us the possibility of building the foundation of a socialist economy.” NEP was unpopular within the Bolshevik party and so the fact that Lenin went through with it, shows his impact as an individual. Similarly ,before Lenin, Witte had been significant by reforming the economic policies of the Tsars by improving the Russian currency aswell as making the Russian market for accessible for foreign enterprises. This had long term significance as investments were more likely to come to Russia and thereby strengthen the Russian economy. All Tsars...
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...Influences on the Constitution Marlene Monarrez HIS/301 December 3, 2012 Instructor: Andrew Van Ness Influences on the Constitution Table |Documents |Summary |What was its influence on the Constitution? | |Magna Carta | Issued by King John of England in 1215 when Englishmen went to the colonies they were | The Magna Carta gave Englishmen certain human rights, | | |given charters that guaranteed them and their heirs would “have and enjoy all liberties and |freedom of religion, reform of justice system and regulated | | |immunities of free and natural subjects.” The document clearly stated that no free man could|officials. The Magna Carta limited the king’s power and created | | |be prosecuted by any means other than the law of the land. |what we know today as parliament. | | |The Magna Carta had been the very first document which proclaimed personal liberties. The | | | |Magna Carta was forced upon an English Emperor by a team of barons. This had been the first |This was used as...
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...space from a single, fixed viewpoint. This suggests a renewed focus on the individual viewer, and we know that individualism is an important part of the Humanism of the Renaissance” (para. 3). Although beautiful and true to the style of the time, before the Early Renaissance period artist did not paint in three dimensional however, some artist did try to create illusions of space and depth to show the world realistically during the late 1300s unsuccessfully (Op-Art.co.uk, 2012). A list of Renaissance artists took full command of creating three-dimensional illusions on canvases and in their victory we see the world in a new and innovative way. [pic] Fig. 1 1486 Birth of Venus Botticelli Galleria degli Uffizi Sandro Botticelli (1445- 1510) was an Italian painter who studied under the direction Filippo Lippi who was a master painter during the Florentine Renaissance. Lippi taught Botticelli linear perspective along with a linear sense of form for color which is displayed in Botticelli’s “Birth of Venus”. The painting depicts Venus coming from the sea, arriving at the sea-shore awesomely praised as a goddess by angels and a woman. Humanism is major influence at this time which Botticelli acknowledges by placing Venous nude in the center of the painting. Botticelli painted the goddess Venous to symbolize his version of pagan...
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...BY TAMMY TREMBLEY SPRING 2013 CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION 3 II. ALEXANDER THE GREAT 3 III. ALEXANDER VISTIS JERUSALEM 4 IV. FORCING HELLENIZATION 6 V. RESISTANCE 7 VI. ROMAN RULE 9 VII. CONCLUSION 12 BIBLIOGRAPHY 13 HELLENISM DURING THE INTERTESTAMENTAL PERIOD Introduction As the Old Testaments ends, the book of Malachi presents a hopeful message of a Messiah. There are more than four hundred years between the close of the Old Testament and the beginning of the New Testament. Some refer to these four hundred years as the “time of darkness” or the “centuries of silence.” The New Testament opens in a scene that has had a dramatic change from a biblical Israel to post-exilic Judaism. The pervasive and lasting impact of the Greek culture on Syro-Palestine was due primarily to brilliance and character of Alexander the Great (356-323 BCE). This influence came to be known as Hellenization. Jerusalem Jews adopted the term “Hellenistic” as a hostile description during the second century as “going Greek.” Although many Jewish communities resisted the effects of Hellenization, it still had a significant impact on the culture, language and ideas of the people. ALEXANDER THE GREAT Alexander was the king of the Macedonians, which was a tribe from northern Greece. He became king at the young age of twenty, after his father’s death. Enemies surrounded the...
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...“silent years”, it very well can be a difficult task to make the leap from the Old Testament to the New Testament. The Old Testament world looks and sounds completely different from the world the New Testament describes, however, the same spirit inspired the writings of both canons. It must be known to the reader that the Old and New Testaments complement each other. In order to get the full understanding and the entire picture of God’s Word, you must understand them together. But, in order to understand them together, there is the time period of 400 years that are not included. This 400 year time frame plays a huge part in understanding how the two different worlds of the Old and New Testaments come together to make a comprehensive story. The “Intertestamental Period” is a short amount of time in relativity to the rest of Biblical history, but this short time frame sets the stage for the New Testament. The period between the Old and New Testament can very well be called a transition period that introduces the “Gentile” world firmly in the Jewish culture. The Old Testament law and style of worship would never be the same, and the prophets of the Old Testament had predicted as such. This time period also encompassed the same period of the Second Temple which...
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...hip-hop musical and movie called Hamilton. The show is about America’s Revolutionary War and is more specifically based around its founding father and first Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton. Lin-Manuel Miranda, the creator, writer, lyricist, composer, and original actor of Alexander Hamilton in the play, was inspired to write this musical after reading Ron Chernow’s biography of the life of Alexander Hamilton. I decided to write this about Hamilton because I think it’s an interesting idea to make a musical about a founding father who, as Lin-Manuel Miranda says, “embodies hip-hop by the strength of his writing.” Not a lot of people would’ve read a biography and thought about how it would make for a great musical, but now that I've listened to Lin-Manuel Miranda go over his thought process when coming up with the idea of Hamilton in a musical form, I agree, Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton lived a very eventful life,...
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...ANCIENT GREECE: FROM PREHISTORIC TO HELLENISTIC TIMES SHAWKY MAROGI JR. HIST 1500 MARCH 26, 2013 My report on Ancient Greece revolves around the book Ancient Greece: From Prehistoric to Hellenistic Times, Thomas R Martin, Yale University, 1996. There have been thousands of books written touching upon the history of Greece, but few take the time to paint the reader a picture of how everyday men, women, and children’s lives were affected daily from the Prehistoric all the way up to Hellenistic times. Martin begins at the Stone Age in the fourth century and covers everything up to Alexander the Great and a bit beyond. If there is another book that paints a picture so well of the day to day struggles that took place during the Stone Age and continued all the way through Hellenistic times I would be shocked. The overall message seems to be that things never improved for the poorer social classes through out these times. Firstly, Thomas Martin has a very distinct point of view throughout the entire book that the poorer classes who were not soldiers were never able to improve their quality of life. Martin maintains that the back bone of the many battles over land and resources would not have been possible without the lower classes supporting the soldiers from their cities by crafting goods, growing crops, and forging items like weapons. The author decided against making any arguments against what is presented to us as fact, and instead focused on the...
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...How far did Alexander III strengthen Tsarism? It is possible say that Alexander III strengthened Tsarism because he reversed the policies of his father and enforced his policies of “Russification”. Alexander III believed that the policies of his father had led to the decline in authority of the regime, and that it was this that led to his father’s assassination. Through “Russification” (the attempt to consolidate Russian identity) Alexander III asserted the Russian Culture and Language throughout its region. This was mainly achieved through repression and it helped strengthen the control of the regime. On the other hand revolutionary activity became increasingly violent. The People’s Will was re-formed in 1886. The group was committed to assassinating key figures in the tsar’s regime and there was a failed attempt to assassinate Alexander in 1987. There was continuing liberal opposition to the regime and a preference for Marxist ideas. It is therefore possible say that Alexander III strengthened Tsarism through reforms. Alexander was influenced in his opinions by many people. One such great influence was Konstantine Pobedonostev, his tutor. He was a reactionary that encouraged Alexander III to reject liberal ideas and to see tsarism and the best form of governance. Others included members of the aristocracy and army. Alexander wanted to therefore reverse his father’s policies in order to avoid his father’s fate, by strengthening Tsarism. It was not possible to reverse the emancipation...
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