...was Copernicus’ final work explaining the heliocentric view of the universe. “The trouble was that nothing he could say or do made people feel they were living on a moving, spinning planet” (Gingerich & MacLachlan, 2005, p. 111) The four major contributors to the development of modern astronomy after Copernicus were Johannes Keppler, Galileo Galilei, Isaac Newton and Albert Einstein. Keppler defended the Copernican system in developing the three laws of planetary motion. Kepler’s First, Second and Third Laws are 1. The orbit of every planet is an ellipse with the sun at a focus. 2. A line joining a planet and the sun sweeps out equal areas during equal intervals of time. 3. The square of the orbital period of a planet is directly proportional to the cube of the semi-major axis of its orbit. ("Johannes Kepler Facts, Quotes, Laws of Planetary Motion, Astronomy, Information", n.d., p. 1) Galileo in some cases is given credit to creating the telescope but in fact, he vastly improved them. His telescope was the first to see the craters of the moon. He also spotted the four moons of Jupiter (now known as Galilean moons). Galileo strongly believed in the Copernican system and was punished by the Catholic Church and labeled a heretic for not believing in the geocentric view. Isaac Newton invented calculus and developed the theory of the universal...
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... The Influence of Mathematics Society is an important concept in which stands the intellectual development of mathematics and science. Today, in society, mathematics makes extraordinary demands and so to the world of mathematicians and scientists. The purpose of the report is to identify the influence and effects of mathematics in society. It includes some history of math and its major demands and capabilities that come with the material and mathematicians. Math Background People have believed in mathematics and the discipline that comes with it since centuries ago, some may like, and some may not. Some people used to worship mathematics and believe in it for living like Aryabatta and Bhaskara. Back to the 4th century, Aristotle and Plato had already an idea of the existence of mathematics in their mind and the external world; also he argued about a positive effect on individuals (Dossey). In the middle ages, mathematicians were coming out and at one point competing without knowing in discovering new techniques. Archimedes had one of the greatest impacts on its work in mathematics but he was known later in the 16th century when Federico Commandino in 1558 translation into Latin most of his printing texts and spread it out with other mathematicians and physics of the time, that includes Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei (Toomer, 2014). Many other mathematicians were able to join the works of Archimedes but for other mathematicians, Arabic and Renaissance...
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...and firmly held belief. In a broader sense then A Black Swan is a sudden, monumental, and completely unexpected event. WWI, WWII, and 9/11 were Black Swans. If one were to win a multi-million dollars lottery that would be a personal Black Swan (Black Swans are not all negative, although given the troubles experienced by some of these huge lottery winners, this might also be negative). But a Black Swan is more than this – it goes to the heart of and challenges the putative acceptance of Gaussian probabilities. Least you think Gaussian or bell shaped probability functions are theoretical only and not important in real life, then consider that not only mathematics, but engineering, medicine, social sciences, economomics, the insurance industry, Wall Street, and other fields of science and the arts use Gaussian probabilities in their calculations and predictions. I will get much deeper into this later in the essay. Nassim Nicholas Taleb is an odd name to the Western ear. In fact he grew up in a family from the Greco-Syrian community from what was the last Byzantine outpost in northern Syria and which was incorporated into...
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...(PL 8.17-21). Milton asks us to imagine the first man struggling with many of the same questions a Renaissance thinker, contemplating new models of the universe, must have considered. In response to the theory that everything revolves around the sun and not the earth, philosophers were forced to question the importance of man's role in the universal order. Raphael, responding to Adam's concerns, suggests there is no reason "bodies bright and greater should not serve / The less not bright, nor Heav'n such journies run / Earth sitting still" (PL 8.87-9). Yet, the poem does not answer all such questions directly, and scholars often find it difficult to determine Milton's attitude toward science. In these debates, it is helpful to remember that Milton was not a scientist but a theorist. He did not contribute to scientific knowledge so much as to an understanding of what new scientific ideas might mean to traditional Christian cosmology. He meditates on this in conditional modes, as does Raphael in his description of the universe: "What if the Sun/ Be Centre to the World" (PL 8.122-3). In the...
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...marketplace of ideas that can give answers to matters that one nation cannot solve by itself. There will not be a free and equal generation of answers, however, unless there is a global agreement on censorship. It should be clear whether censorship should be enforced or not and to what degree. Secondly, it has never been more important to have the ability to think critically and be tolerant than now. It is vital for the well-being of an individual in today's society. This social development has become evident on the online marketplace of ideas. When there is an increasing amount of input, there will undoubtedly be a lot more opinions to take into consideration, which will blur the definition of free speech. Finally, this way of life contributes to the necessary transformation of laws and constitutions. Since the establishment of freedom of speech as a right, there have been many changes enforcing more and less protection for speech. This has, in the meantime, been accompanied by the development of a more openminded world, in which there are many voices that feel the need to be heard. (Puddephatt, A. (2011,...
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...Early life and education Early years [pic] [pic] Muhammad Yunus at Chittagong Collegiate School, while visiting the school in 2003. The third of nine children,[10] Yunus was born on 28 June 1940 to a Muslim family in the village of Bathua, by the Boxirhat Road in Hathazari, Chittagong, in the British Raj (modern Bangladesh).[11][12] His father was Hazi Dula Mia Shoudagar, a jeweler, and his mother was Sufia Khatun. His early childhood years were spent in the village. In 1944, his family moved to the city of Chittagong, and he was shifted to Lamabazar Primary School from his village school.[11][13] By 1949, his mother was afflicted with psychological illness.[12] Later, he passed the matriculation examination from Chittagong Collegiate School securing the 16th position among 39,000 students in East Pakistan.[13] During his school years, he was an active Boy Scout, and traveled to West Pakistan and India in 1952, and to Canada in 1955 to attend Jamborees.[13] Later when Yunus was studying at Chittagong College, he became active in cultural activities and won awards for drama acting.[13] In 1957, he enrolled in the department of economics at Dhaka University and completed his BA in 1960 and MA in 1961. After graduation Following his graduation, Yunus joined the Bureau of Economics as a research assistant to the economical researches of Professor Nurul Islam and Rehman Sobhan.[13] Later he was appointed as a lecturer in economics in Chittagong College in 1961.[13] During...
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... JULIUS KWAKU KATTAH STUDENT ID. NO. UD32228BEC40802 DOCTORATE IN INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS ATLANTIC INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HONOLULU, USA 09/07/14 ABTRACT The business strategy perspective argues that achieving competitive advantage hinges on pursing a coherent competitive strategy. Family businesses are also said to manifest a strong desire to develop enduring and committed social relationships with external stakeholders. This study examines the effect of business strategy on performance of family businesses and how their managerial social networking relationships with external entities moderate the business strategy–performance link. Using data from 54 family firms from Ghana, the findings indicate that: (1) the pursuit of the business strategies of cost leadership and differentiation create competitive advantage for family businesses; (2) social networking relationships with government bureaucratic officials and community leaders are beneficial to family businesses, but social networking relationships with political leaders is detrimental to family businesses; and (3) the benefit of business strategy to family businesses is moderated positively by networking with community leaders, but negatively by networking with political leaders. Keywords: Africa;...
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...THE UNIVERSE When we look up in the night sky we can see the stars and the moon. And because it is natural to be curious, we ask questions and we want answers. When our view was limited by what our eyes could see, the sky was our Universe. Then the telescopes deepened our view, photography enhanced it, and spectroscopy broadened it. The universe grew from a sky of stars to a realm of galaxies, to an expanding universe of galaxies. Many people believe that nature, the sun and moon, the star, even human beings never had a beginning. There is an endless, external cycle of birth, life and death that constantly repeats itself and it never began and will never end. In the Book of Genesis in the Bible, it was written that at first the world did not exist and that God is the only one who existed. So He created the world. The universe is the totality of everything that has ever existed. It is so large that it contains billions of stars, and all of the planets, galaxies and all of space. The study of the universe is called Cosmology. Traditional Views about the Universe 1. Geocentric Universe Greeks believed that the earth was a sphere that stayed motionless at the center of the universe or the geocentric (Earth-centered) view. Orbiting the earth were seven wanderers (planetai in Greek) including the sun, the moon and the known planets, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn. Greece was centered as the “Golden Age” of early astronomy. Claudius Ptolemy created the book Almagest...
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...Samos . . . . . 10 Xenophanes of Colophon 12 Heraclitus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 The Scholastics St Anselm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 St Thomas Aquinas . . . . . . . 50 John Duns Scotus . . . . . . . . . 52 William of Occam . . . . . . . . . 54 The Liberals Adam Smith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Mary Wollstonecraft . . . . 108 Thomas Paine . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Jeremy Bentham . . . . . . . . . 112 John Stuart Mill . . . . . . . . . . 114 Auguste Comte . . . . . . . . . . . 116 The Eleatics Parmenides of Elea . . . . . . . 16 Zeno of Elea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 The Age of Science Nicolaus Copernicus . . . . . . 56 Niccolò Machiavelli . . . . . . . 58 Desiderus Erasmus . . . . . . . . 60 Thomas More . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Francis Bacon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64 Galileo Galilei . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Thomas Hobbes . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Sir Isaac Newton . . . . . . . . . . 70 The Evolutionists Charles Darwin . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Henri Louis Bergson . . . . 120 A. N. Whitehead . . . . . . ....
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...Pre-Socratic Period Thales of Miletus Background: Thales of Miletus (fl. c. 585 BC) is regarded as the father of philosophy. Thales of Miletus was considered one of the Seven Wise Men of ancient Greece. Thales was the first of the Greek natural philosophers and founder of the Ionian school of ancient Greek thinkers. Works/Writings/Philosophy: His is said to have measured the Egyptian pyramids and to have calculated the distance from shore of ships at sea using his knowledge of geometry. He also predicted an eclipse of the sun. In geometry Thales has been credited with the discovery of five theorems like the one that a triangle inscribed in a semicircle has a right angle. He tried to discover the substance from which everything in nature is made off and suggested water. Thales is important in bridging the worlds of myth and reason. He initiated the revolutionary notion that to understand the world one needed to know its nature and that there was an explanation for all phenomena in natural terms. That was a giant step from the assumptions of the old world that supernatural forces determined almost everything. While considering the effects of magnetism and static electricity, he concluded that the power to move other things without the mover itself changing was a characteristic of "life", so that a magnet and amber must therefore be alive in some way (in that they have animation or the power to act). If so, he argued, there is no difference between the living and the dead...
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...SpringerBriefs in Physics Editorial Board Egor Babaev, University of Massachusetts, USA Malcolm Bremer, University of Bristol, UK Xavier Calmet, University of Sussex, UK Francesca Di Lodovico, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK Maarten Hoogerland, University of Auckland, New Zealand Eric Le Ru, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand James Overduin, Towson University, USA Vesselin Petkov, Concordia University, Canada Charles H.-T. Wang, The University of Aberdeen, UK Andrew Whitaker, Queen’s University Belfast, UK For further volumes: http://www.springer.com/series/8902 Péter Hraskó Basic Relativity An Introductory Essay ´ Emeritus Professor at University of Pecs, Hungary 123 Péter Hraskó University of Pécs H-7633 Pécs Szántó Kovács János u. 1/b Hungary e-mail: peter@hrasko.com ISSN 2191-5423 ISBN 978-3-642-17809-2 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-17810-8 Springer Heidelberg Dordrecht London New York Ó Péter Hraskó 2011 e-ISSN 2191-5431 e-ISBN 978-3-642-17810-8 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be...
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...Integrated Science End-of-Chapter Questions Chapter 1: About Science Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions 1 The era of modern science in the 16th century was launched when Galileo Galilei revived the Copernican view of the heliocentric universe, using experiments to study nature’s behavior. 2 In Conceptual Integrated Science, we believe that focusing on math too early is a poor substitute forconcepts. 3 We mean that it must be capable of being proved wrong. 4 Nonscientific hypotheses may be perfectly reasonable; they are nonscientific only because they are not falsifiable—there is no test for possible wrongness. 5 Galileo showed the falseness of Aristotle’s claim with a single experiment—dropping heavy and lightobjects from the Leaning Tower of Pisa. 6 A scientific fact is something that competent observers can observe and agree to be true; a hypothesis is an explanation or answer that is capable of being proved wrong; a law is a hypothesis that has been tested over and over and not contradicted; a theory is a synthesis of facts and well-tested hypotheses. 7 In everyday speech, a theory is the same as a hypothesis—a statement that hasn’t been tested. 8 Theories grow stronger and more precise as they evolve to include new information. 9 The term supernatural literally means “above nature.” Science works within nature, not above it. 10 They rely on subjective personal experience and do not lead to testable hypotheses. They lie outside the realm of science. 11 Science...
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...University of South Florida Scholar Commons Textbooks Collection USF Tampa Library Open Access Collections 2012 Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices Anol Bhattacherjee University of South Florida, abhatt@usf.edu Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks Part of the American Studies Commons, Education Commons, Public Health Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Bhattacherjee, Anol, "Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices" (2012). Textbooks Collection. Book 3. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/oa_textbooks/3 This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the USF Tampa Library Open Access Collections at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Textbooks Collection by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact scholarcommons@usf.edu. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND PRACTICES ANOL BHATTACHERJEE SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH: PRINCIPLES, METHODS, AND PRACTICES Anol Bhattacherjee, Ph.D. University of South Florida Tampa, Florida, USA abhatt@usf.edu Second Edition Copyright © 2012 by Anol Bhattacherjee Published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License Social Science Research: Principles, Methods, and Practices, 2nd edition By Anol Bhattacherjee First published 2012 ISBN-13: 978-1475146127 ...
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...mTELECOURSE STUDY GUIDE FOR The Examined Life FOURTH EDITION author J. P. White Chair, Department of Philosophy Santa Barbara City College contributing author Manuel Velasquez Professor of Philosophy Santa Clara University This Telecourse Study Guide for The Examined Life is part of a collegelevel introduction to philosophy telecourse developed in conjunction with the video series The Examined Life, and the text Philosophy: A Text with Readings, tenth edition, by Manuel Velasquez, The Charles Dirksen Professor, Santa Clara University. The television series The Examined Life was designed and produced by INTELECOM Intelligent Telecommunications, Netherlands Educational Broadcasting Corporation (TELEAC/NOT), and Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company (UR) Copyright © 2007, 2005, 2002, 1999 by INTELECOM Intelligent Telecommunications All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the written permission of INTELECOM Intelligent Telecommunications, 150 E. Colorado Blvd., Suite 300, Pasadena, California 91105-1937. ISBN: 0-495-10302-0 Contents Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . v Lesson One — What is Philosophy? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...g Easier! Making Everythin ™ heory tring T S Learn: • The basic concepts of this controversial theory • How string theory builds on physics concepts • The different viewpoints in the field • String theory’s physical implications Andrew Zimmerman Jones Physics Guide, About.com with Daniel Robbins, PhD in Physics Get More and Do More at Dummies.com® Start with FREE Cheat Sheets Cheat Sheets include • Checklists • Charts • Common Instructions • And Other Good Stuff! To access the Cheat Sheet created specifically for this book, go to www.dummies.com/cheatsheet/stringtheory Get Smart at Dummies.com Dummies.com makes your life easier with 1,000s of answers on everything from removing wallpaper to using the latest version of Windows. Check out our • Videos • Illustrated Articles • Step-by-Step Instructions Plus, each month you can win valuable prizes by entering our Dummies.com sweepstakes. * Want a weekly dose of Dummies? Sign up for Newsletters on • Digital Photography • Microsoft Windows & Office • Personal Finance & Investing • Health & Wellness • Computing, iPods & Cell Phones • eBay • Internet • Food, Home & Garden Find out “HOW” at Dummies.com *Sweepstakes not currently available in all countries; visit Dummies.com for official rules. String Theory FOR DUMmIES ‰ by Andrew Zimmerman Jones with Daniel Robbins, PhD in Physics String Theory For Dummies® Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc. 111 River St. Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774 www...
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