...frequently. In the movie Amistad it is told from the point of view of Cinque; in the TV series Roots it follows Kunta Kinte. This male dominated history fails to acknowledge, belittles and devalues the role of women at all levels of slavery. What about the female slave traders, slave owners, enslaved females, female rebels and abolitionists? Are they really invisible? Verene Shepherd, in Women in Caribbean History states that up until the 1970s Caribbean books neglected women because early historians looked at colonisation, government, religion, trade and war fare, activities men were more involved in. Also some historians felt that women’s issues did not merit inclusion and where women could have been included, such as slave uprisings, their contributions were ignored. Shepherd believes changes occurred with the influence of women’s groups who tried to correct the gender neutral or male biased history. There was also a shift into social history, looking at the non elite and into topics such as family life. Books started to look at women’s social and political activities. Unfortunately there was a lack of first hand accounts from the period of the transatlantic slave trade – accounts written by men at the time either ignored women or perpetuated the myth of female inferiority and stereotyping. Gender sensitivity history was one...
Words: 6900 - Pages: 28
...Bibliographic Essay on African American History Introduction In the essay “On the Evolution of Scholarship in Afro- American History” the eminent historian John Hope Franklin declared “Every generation has the opportunity to write its own history, and indeed it is obliged to do so.”1 The social and political revolutions of 1960s have made fulfilling such a responsibility less daunting than ever. Invaluable references, including Darlene Clark Hine, ed. Black Women in America: An Historical Encyclopedia 2nd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004); Evelyn Brooks Higgingbotham, ed., Harvard Guide to African American History (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2001); Arvarh E. Strickland and Robert E. Weems, Jr., eds., The African American Experience: An Historiographical and Bibliographical Guide (Westport: Greenwood Press, 2001); and Randall M. Miller and John David Smith, eds., Dictionary of Afro- American Slavery (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1988), provide informative narratives along with expansive bibliographies. General texts covering major historical events with attention to chronology include John Hope Franklin and Alfred A. Moss, Jr., From Slavery to Freedom: A History of African Americans (Boston: McGraw Hill, 2000), considered a classic; along with Joe William Trotter, Jr., The African American 1  Experience (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001); and, Darlene Clark Hine, William C. Hine, and Stanley Harrold, The...
Words: 6155 - Pages: 25
...Progressivism can be best defined as “support for or advocacy of social reform.” Through progressivism, economic, political, social and moral reforms occur. With these reforms came movements such as the Temperance movement, Abolitionist movement, the Woman’s movement. During these periods of reform, art was created and therefore helped to influence and development of the modern world. The Temperance movement was a social movement that began around the 1820’s and was dedicated to promoting moderation or often, abstinence from the consumption alcohol. Temperance movements were first seen as early as...
Words: 1279 - Pages: 6
...happened within the time period of 1790 to 1850 all lead to the civil war. Some example of key people and events would be the following: the bill of rights being ratified, the fugitive slave act, the cotton gin, Tennessee, John Adams, George Washington, Gabriel's Rebellion, Ohio, the Louisiana Purchase, the Embargo act, the International slave trade, James Madison, the Battle of New Orleans, Reverend Allen, Missouri compromise, Demark Vesey's Conspiracy, Africans losing their boats, Monroe Doctrine, Nat Turner's revolt, The Alamo, Gag rule, Trail of tears, Harriet Tubman, California. All of these are some major events that caused the civil war itself. All of these events had also contributed to the rise of the English colony and the break off point from the mainland in Europe. All of the events/ people mention previously are going to be used to tell how the American civil war started and how each led to a chain reaction of other events that occurred. These events will each tell a story of its own and slowly build up to the civil war itself. Other events along the way will show up as a result of an event occurring. Both the north and the South had different events which lead up to the civil war but we will mostly focus on the more major events that took place. The Rise of the English Colony was different than the other European Nations. The first major event that occurred that broke the English from the European nation would be that the U.S. ratified...
Words: 3043 - Pages: 13
...Throughout history slavery has been put in the spotlight. Whether it be positive or negative, slavery was at the forefront of an economy President Abraham Lincoln, in his second inaugural address said this, “One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the sourthern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war.” Was the civil war really about the freedom of slavery? Or was there an underlying reason for the Civil War? Before the Civil War began, we see the life of one young African American slave, Celia, a fourteen year old girl. Celia was bought by a man named Robert Newsom who had the mindset to make her his mistress, when he initially bought her. Throughout Celia’s life on the plantation, she was sexually abused, and gave birth to three children. George a slave himself, convinced Celia to confront Newsom about his abuse towards her. Since Celia was in love with George, she agreed. When Newsom came to her cabin intent on having sex with her, she resisted his advances, and has he counted to advance towards her, Celia began striking Newsom across the head until he was done. To help cover up her crime, she burned him in her fireplace, and had Newsom’s grandson to get rid of his ashes. When his daughter’s discovered he was missing they sent a search team to look for him, finally Newsoms neighbor figured out that Celia...
Words: 1289 - Pages: 6
...Women Breadwinners By: Arcelia Orozco-Medina MGMT 358 – Culture & Gender Issues in Management Dr. Dolores Olson August 7, 2013 Women of Yesteryear The traditional women has always been portrayed as the home caretaker, but was this always the case. We can look into centuries of history and see women of different eras and of different ethnic backgrounds, were they a picture of the traditional woman? Let’s look at some examples; let’s turn back the clock to Egyptian times. During the 15th Century B.C. there was Hatshepsut a women of political power promoting trade and arts. It wasn’t until a later times that she received the title of Pharaoh, Queen of Egypt. She was also one of the first known finding in Egyptian history. We follow with the most famous and ambitious of all, Cleopatra. She is mostly know for her struggles to win the crown and keep her country free among other things. She was with Julius Caesar, Roman general bearing him a son. Additionally she won the protection of Rome through an affair with Mark Anthony, and had three children with him. A lesser-known fact is that Cleopatra was highly educated and possessed an impressive intellect, being a student of philosophy and international relations We move now to the Victorian times and start off with Joan of Arc. Joan came from a peasant family, became a French heroine by leading the army of Charles VII. She captured and put on trial for witchcraft...
Words: 2663 - Pages: 11
...A TEACHER’S GUIDE TO THE SIGNET CLASSIC EDITION OF BOOKER T. WASHINGTON’S UP FROM SLAVERY By VIRGINIA L. SHEPHARD, Ph.D., Florida State University S E R I E S E D I T O R S : W. GEIGER ELLIS, ED.D., ARTHEA J. S. REED, PH.D., UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, EMERITUS and UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, RETIRED A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of Booker T. Washington’s Up from Slavery 2 INTRODUCTION Booker T. Washington’s commanding presence and oratory deeply moved his contemporaries. His writings continue to influence readers today. Although Washington claimed his autobiography was “a simple, straightforward story, with no attempt at embellishment,” readers for nearly a century have found it richly rewarding. Today, Up From Slavery appeals to a wide audience from early adolescence through adulthood. More important, however, is the inspiration his story of hard work and positive goals gives to all readers. His life is an example providing hope to all. The complexity and contradictions of his life make his autobiography intellectually intriguing for advanced readers. To some he was known as the Sage of Tuskegee or the Black Moses. One of his prominent biographers, Louis R. Harlan, called him the “Wizard of the Tuskegee Machine.” Others acknowledged him to be a complicated person and public figure. Students of American social and political history have come to see that Washington lived a double life. Publicly he appeased the white establishment...
Words: 13713 - Pages: 55
...Civil Disobedience………………………………………..….…..1 Part II: Definition of Christian Ethics…………..……………………………….……..1 Part III: Biblical and Historical Practice of Civic Responsibility.……………………..2 Part IV: The Rise of Political Power in the Church and the Struggles Associated…….7 Part V: The Necessity for Civil Disobedience..………………………………………..9 Part VI: What Difference Did the Civil Rights Struggle Make? ..................................12 Conclusion…....................................................................................................................16 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………….18 INTRODUCTION This research will focus on the topic of “Civil Disobedience and its Relativity to Christian Ethics.” The research will address whether it is ever justifiable to disobey the laws of secular governments. In doing so, it will discuss the Doctrine of Civic Responsibility as it relates to Christian Ethics. Furthermore, Romans 13:1-7 will be referenced to provide additional insight into how the Church has historically responded to civil government’s demands on society. DEFINITION OF CIVIL DISOBEDIENCE What is civil disobedience? This is the term used when an action is taken against civil government as a result of a civil law or practice that is considered in direct conflict with God’s law of love. More will be discussed on this subject as it relates to Christian ethics. DEFINITION OF CHRISTIAN ETHICS What...
Words: 5181 - Pages: 21
...be able to vote in June 1964. Medgar Evers was a big influence on the Freedom of Summer because he was Mississippi’s most well known activist due to his belief to end inequality among African Americans. The Freedom of Summer was brought together with a bunch of people coming together to help out the community in order to get rid of the white supremacy that went on in Mississippi. But before that the assassination of Medgar Evers had happened when he was working to register voters, and later on Michael Schermer, James Chaney, and Andrew Goodman were civil rights workers who were murdered during the Freedom of Summer. Originally when Medgar Evers was actually given the role of Mississippi’s Field Secretary, his main job was doing things like collecting, publicizing, and organizing information on civil rights because of the abuse that was faced because of race. In Mississippi, boycotts were led by Medgar which went against the company's/ businesses that still were segregated. The boycotts occurred in downtown Jackson, Mississippi. Many of the people that happened to be in it were the high school and college students that lived in or near the area of Jackson Mississippi. Two college students, named Charles Bracey, and Dorie Ladner were arrested for boycotting in the downtown area of Jackson, Mississippi. This caught the attention of civil right activist Medgar Evers who would then tell everyone else about the incident and how it was a successful boycott by 60-65%. Violence erupted...
Words: 1705 - Pages: 7
...Women of the Civil Rights Movement: The role of women in the Civil Rights Movement In The American Journal of Legal History, Bernie D. Jones reviews the work of Legacies of the 1964 Civil Rights Act, Grofman (2000), and describes the ends to the means. The 1964 Civil Rights Act and the 1965 Voting Rights Act indisputably were effectual for altering the framework of the questionable American life, for the most part in the southern states. As a consequence, both the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 were accountable for the stoppage of vast opposition to the civil rights movement and the fitting fusion into the American Society by African Americans. By way of the Acts, public facilities that avidly participated in segregation became outlawed. Throughout the nation, as a result of the enforcement of the Acts, the former, not so easily attainable education opportunities and employment prospects that consistently had been refused, now, awarded African Americans impressively large supporting political control. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 pioneered immeasurably. Women were given distinctive safeguarding subject to employment discrimination law. Emphatically, invigorating the women’s movement, consequently, the Civil Rights Act of 1964 served movements of other ethnic civil rights. (p. xvi) VOICE OF OMISSION No other group in America has so had their identity socialized out of existence as have black women. We are rarely...
Words: 2507 - Pages: 11
...At the Crossroads CAST & Characters: *Jocelyn Elders- Morlin McCoy *Lottie Shackleford Alice Walker -________________ Aunt Gert-Angela Doyne Barbara Jordan- Helen Boone Betty Shabazz – Tracey Shine Cicely Tyson –Wynona Bryant-Williams Coretta Scott King – Marva Davis Daisy Bates – Deborah Rhodes Dorothy Height – Angela Moore Fannie Lou Hammer-Pamela Grider-Cross Frankie Muse Freeman-Video Clip Harriet Tubman – Shae Allen Iyanna Vansant – Karen Lovelace Gabriel Douglas-Jadin Vincent Lalia Ali-________________________________ Madam C. J. Walker – Carole Austin Mary McLeod Bethune – Diane Butler Maya Angelou – JoNece Carter Michelle Obama-Crystal Barker Montgomery Bus Scene –Michelle Alderman, Ruby Dean, Alice McKay, Carol Nolly, Gwen Glasco, Claudace Staples Myrlie Evers – Judy Bradford Nikki Giovanni______________________ Oprah Winfrey – Joyce Silverman Pearl Bailey-Claudia Rogers Phillis Wheatley – Earlean Williams Phylicia Rashad – Dawn Banks Vincent Ruby Bridges & Teacher - Aja Ruby Dee– Gwen Glasco Security Team - __________________________ Shonda Rhimes- Beauti Simpson Sojourner Truth – Mae Etta Brown Sue Cowan Williams- Gwen Glasco Sylvia Clay-Keisha Smith Toni Morrison-Tamea Small Venus Williams – Judy Ward Woman #1-Carolyn Nolly Woman #2-Myeishia Parker Woman #3- Joy Stigall Choir Members: Aretha Franklin – Pamela Lewis Beyounce’ – Ashley Thomas Billie Holiday – Genine Perez Diana Ross – Crystal Stewart Gladys Knight- Sheila Hayes Jennifer Holiday...
Words: 8215 - Pages: 33
...music 02 • In the African heritage it had to be the music, the preacher and the religious. o Had to be the preacher and the response • Music was to be free but then brought Christianity which was pulled out from that they say. • Involving percussion tones • Melees tone – not singing the tone right to but to shape it. We wear the mask poem: Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872 – 1906) • Mask – façade, disguises you, hides you, masquerade, protection, performers. Performance v. rituals • Ritual o Gospel • Performance o For others/benefits o Entertainment o Image Video: Education on Minstrel – goes into the Images topic • Developed in 1820. • T.D. Rice • Jim crow presents himself as an African (black face) by performing how the Africans perform. Performance within a performance. • Compromise of 4, etc. o Paid performances • Call and response Images: • Co-opted • Corruption of the history image • Massive available – were everywhere. • The images like the lips exaggerated, clothing, hair. • Looked more animalistic in the pictures • Children in images that they were alligator bait • Food that they ate – watermelon and chickens. Watermelons grow in Africa so they eat it a lot which people didn’t know that.. o Letter from home – is food that you recognize (watermelons) • Clown – dressing them as that in images and plays. • Sheet...
Words: 3558 - Pages: 15
...| Course SyllabusCollege of HumanitiesHIS/115 Version 3U.S. History to 1865 | Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2008 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course provides an overview of the social, political, economic, and global events that have shaped the American scene from colonial times through the Civil War period. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Schultz, K. M. (2012). HIST2, Volume 1 (2nd ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth, Cengage Learning. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: Contact, Settlement, Slavery | | Details | Due | Points | Objectives | 1.1 Describe the clash of cultures that took place in North America between the Native Americans, colonists, and Black slaves. 1.2 Describe the establishment of early colonies. 1.3 Describe the development of regional differences among the...
Words: 3896 - Pages: 16
...Chapter 1 Nursing Images throughout History 1) The angle of mercy 2) The handmaiden 3) The battle-ax 4) The naughty nurse 5) The military image A. Nurses on the battlefield * Hospitalers – specialized soldiers who at the end of battle returned to the outposts to care for the sick and injured * Army nursing service – organize nurses and hospitals and coordinate supplies for the soldiers during the Civil War * Clara Barton a. Provided care in tents set up close to the fighting b. Did not discriminate c. Establishment of the American Red Cross * Harriet Tubman – helped slaves escape to freedom on the underground railroad * Walt Whitman – a poet * Louisa May Alcott – an author * Dorothea Dix – union’s superintendent of female nurses during the Civil War B. Nurses fighting diseases * Florence Nightingale d. Epidemiology – the study of the distribution and origins of disease e. Air, light, nutrition, and adequate ventilation and space assist the patient to recuperate * Lillian Wald & Mary Brewster f. Founded the Henry Street Settlement in NY to improve the health and social conditions of poor immigrants g. Improve health and prevent illness by promoting safe drinking water, adequate sewage facilities, and proper sanitation Florence Nightingale (1820-1910) ...
Words: 12825 - Pages: 52
...The Forensics Files - 2 – The LD File Civil Disobedience Index Topic Overview 3-7 Definitions 8-10 Affirmative Cases 11-19 Negative Cases 20-25 Affirmative Extensions 26-34 Civil disobedience worked to free India. 26 Civil disobedience overthrew the communists in Poland. 26 The tradition of civil disobedience in America goes all the way back to the founders. 26 Civil disobedience can serve to prevent situations from escalating into violence. 27 Civil Disobedience has been used to promote peace. 27 Civil disobedience was used to promote racial equality. 27 Civil disobedience is used to try to prevent the destruction of the environment. 27 Civil disobedience is effective at changing the law. 28 Legal channels can take too long. 28 Consent to obey just laws does not imply consent to obey unjust ones. 28 Distinguishing between just and unjust laws to disobey can be universalized. 28 Civil disobedience can be stabilizing to a community by spreading a shared sense of justice. 29 Sometimes it is only the unjustified response to civil disobedience that has harmful consequence. 29 Civil disobedience is traditionally non-violent. 29 Civil disobedience is a form of exercising free speech- which is essential in a democracy. 30 Civil disobedience has been used to fight slave laws 30 Civil disobedience played a role in ending the Vietnam war. 30 Civil disobedience...
Words: 18413 - Pages: 74
