...Battlefield When most of us hear the word leader, during the Civil Rights Movement, we think of great men like, Martin Luther King or A. Philip Randolph. However, Louis Armstrong must be considered as one of our countries leaders. Being an innovative musician he not only pioneered jazz but overcame barriers set by racism. He saw the musician, not the color of the musician. Louis patented his own style of music which became known and loved the world over. David Stricklin’s book Louis Armstrong gave us a detailed description of Armstrong’s life. By cracking open the pages of history we gain a greater understanding of his life and how he interacted with his environment. Armstrong was born August 4, 1901, in the Third Ward just west of downtown New Orleans. Stricklin quoted Gary Giddins, “Louis was raised in a house of cards in the middle of a gale,” which describes his life. His family moved later to a red light district known as, The Battlefield. Just the name, The Battlefield, makes one think of a harsh environment where you could lose your life at any moment. According to Stricklin he was primarily raised by his grandmother, and had to endure seeing his mother struggle economically, even subjecting herself to prostitution to provide for her family. His father had limited contact, which must have been difficult for Louis to understand, since he had another family. During Armstrong’s early adolescence the United States was in an era of reform, the Progressive Era, asking for far...
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...dis-orienting. This is also what it is like to appreciate works of art from different periods. As your tour guide back into time I have prepared this book to prepare you for the tour. The first three chapters of this book, prepares travelers for their journey and will help them remain oriented. The information provided in the first three chapters provide a frame of reference that can reduce the dis-orienting effect of visiting later periods of art history and cultures one may be unfamiliar with. We will ask;" how is the work of art we are observing "attained". Getting a proper orientation of architecture or a visual art is similar to taking a tour of a college campus. When you approach a college campus for the first time there are various buildings on the campus. You will have your first impressions as you approach the campus from a distance and more impressions as you get closer- which changes your perspective. Once one has visited several college campuses one learns how to orient themself. You can quickly find the administration building, library, dorms, etc. To keep one from getting lost in the world of Art developing a frame of reference can reduce culture shock and time disorientation. This book examines three periods and three different types of Art that will serve as a good frame of reference for making sense of our experience. The first initial three chapters consider three diverse kinds of art: architecture, music, and the Verdic period. This frame of reference will be...
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...What is a riff and how are they used in rock music? Short, memorable and easily retained melody 5. ü What are the core vs. optional instruments in rock music? Vocals + guitar+bass+drums vs. piano+keyboards+synthesizers 6. ü What are the characteristics of folk music from the British Isles? A story told in plain everyday language Sung with an untrained voice Heterophony (i.e., multiple versions of the same melody, played simultaneously) Verse/Chorus & Strophic song forms Uptempo dance rhythms 7. ü African tribal music? Percussion instruments Syncopated percussive playing techniques Riff-like melodic ideas Layered textures made up of voices, percussion, and pitched instruments Melismatic vocal lines Improvisation Pentatonic scale vs. Major Scale 8. African American folk songs? Improvised bluesy melodies to speed the day along Rhythmic music to accompany rhythmic tasks Call & Response Group responds to leader, sometimes the foreman of the job 9. ü European classical music? Sentimental stories set to simple melodies Harmony support melody Clear song form Clear rhythmic order 10. ü What was the Minstrel Show? Why was it considered the first synthesis? Variety show featuring comedy skits (negatively stereotyped plantation slaves), dance routines, & musical numbers / The FIRST American form of popular entertainment 11. ü How was Vaudeville different from the minstrel show? 12. ü What did Tin Pan Alley businessmen...
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...The Evolution of Jazz and its Modern Influence Jazz is a music art form that was created solely in America. It is considered to be one of the most influential forms of music in American history. Not only did it originate in America but it is also one of the few art forms that have two distinctive sounds. The jazz sound is separated into classical jazz and jazz fusion (modern) jazz. Jazz is also one of the only forms of music for which college music majors are required to study several artists’ techniques as a semester course. Jazz music has been used in many forms of music in America. With all the respect that jazz has garnered around the world, unfortunately, the art form has lost popularity over the last 20 years. With the emergence of hip-hop, techno, and other music forms, young musicians of today do not find the music appealing or relevant. All the awards for jazz musicians have been moved off the national television award shows. There is also a movement to remove the jazz categories from the Grammy list completely. This paper will discuss the history of jazz, where it began, how it evolved, and its future. To understand the future of jazz, one must understand what it really is and the instruments that were combined to make the ensemble. Jazz started to form early in the twentieth century in New Orleans. At that time, the sound was called Ragtime. This sound was produced by a band that included the string bass, drums, a guitar or banjo, and a "melodic section" with one...
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...then, some say next to the 80s; the 20s was the best time for adolescents. Entertainment and pop culture helped shape how women perceived themselves, especially flappers, along with the music in the underground clubs. In 1918, the Prohibition Law was passed leaving many in a fit. Pub owners were going out of business. Sure enough, when one tells a country to not do something, something that they have been doing all their lives, they are still going to do it anyway. Therefore, in a way to retaliate gangsters and people in the mafia illegally imported alcohol into cities. From there they would take it to the closing businesses telling them the “you scratch my back I’ll scratch yours” kind of deal. This gave way to secret night-clubs under popular businesses in the cities. Not all clubs were secrets though. The Cotton Club was a well-known club, secret yet, not so secret. Some clubs were still around and open, but they “couldn’t” sell alcohol, like the Cotton Club. The Cotton Club was a club run by the gangster Owney Madden. Owney used the Cotton Club to sell his “#1 beer” to the patrons. Stork Club is another secret club to party and take part in drinking and gambling. The music one would hear in the clubs would be Jazz and Blues. From Louis Armstrong to Duke Ellington in Jazz and Blind Lemon Jefferson for Blues. Louis Armstrong became the face of jazz and how much progress people were making in music. Jazz was and is the music a person could swing to along with any other style...
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...many people listen to Jazz music for the mere purpose of enjoying the music. However, Jazz hasn’t always had this leisure role we know of in this modern time. Since its first appearance in New Orleans, Jazz has played several different roles in New York City’s society throughout the years. Since its debut in the late nineteenth century, the cultural aspect of Jazz music and its role in society has changed over time. Throughout history, several people have offered their definitions of “Jazz”, though not all of them have been exactly the same. For example, Joachim-Ernst Berendt characterizes Jazz as a "form of art music which originated in the United States through the confrontation of the Negro with European music" (Berendt)....
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...music 02 • In the African heritage it had to be the music, the preacher and the religious. o Had to be the preacher and the response • Music was to be free but then brought Christianity which was pulled out from that they say. • Involving percussion tones • Melees tone – not singing the tone right to but to shape it. We wear the mask poem: Paul Laurence Dunbar (1872 – 1906) • Mask – façade, disguises you, hides you, masquerade, protection, performers. Performance v. rituals • Ritual o Gospel • Performance o For others/benefits o Entertainment o Image Video: Education on Minstrel – goes into the Images topic • Developed in 1820. • T.D. Rice • Jim crow presents himself as an African (black face) by performing how the Africans perform. Performance within a performance. • Compromise of 4, etc. o Paid performances • Call and response Images: • Co-opted • Corruption of the history image • Massive available – were everywhere. • The images like the lips exaggerated, clothing, hair. • Looked more animalistic in the pictures • Children in images that they were alligator bait • Food that they ate – watermelon and chickens. Watermelons grow in Africa so they eat it a lot which people didn’t know that.. o Letter from home – is food that you recognize (watermelons) • Clown – dressing them as that in images and plays. • Sheet...
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...in his choice of writings. He had written Plays, Novels, Poems, and Short Stories, Most of his writings were the real situations that really happened in black cultures. Movies were highly looked up upon in the Harlem Renaissance. D.W. Griffith directed “The Birth of a Nation” the film was over African Americans directors who countered negative stereotypes promoted in majority of the mainstream movies. Then released films in The Harlem Renaissance showcased the struggle of the African Americans in the U.S. alone. Musicians during the Harlem Renaissance developed a style and movement that simply took Americans by storm. Musicians such as Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong have inspired others all over the country. The renaissance itself was not only an observation towards life of Americans that they have a place in society. All of the Musicians shared a common...
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...1. Introduction: We often use the word “Jazz” to describe an era, not just in music, but in culture itself, which began in the late 1910s and lasted for the whole of the ‘20s. This era wasn’t yet a modern one, but it was beyond old-times and carried itself as its own entity. The music that came from it was its own as well; the world had left behind typical baroque, romantic, and classical styles, but this was completely singular to any of those. It was a unique, clunky sound both classic and revolutionary. And as the world moved forward into the mid-1900s, developing into the one we observe now, this style was exactly the right, new quality to accompany it. 2. The History of Jazz: But where did it actually come from? As far as anyone can look,...
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...as stimuli feeding the internal drives of these monsters. In The Threepenny Opera, the main protagonist, Mac the Knife, is introduced as a murderer, rapist, and arsonist. The opening scenes of Perfume begin with the explosive cheers of a filled stadium awaiting the death sentence of Jean- Baptiste Grenouille. Yet, upon further inspection, both characters emerge as charmingly crafty masterminds that win the love and affection of those around them. Similarly, as readers and viewers, we too find ourselves drawn to these characters, as did Brecht’s audiences and Suskind’s readers in the twentieth century. Brecht and Suskind created this mass appeal through their deranged miscreants who personified human nature and related them to our everyday lives. Just as Mac the Knife and Grenouille searched for their ultimate pleasures, so would human beings if they could get away with doing whatever it takes. Both texts emphasize the cultural and societal influences on the values of Mac the Knife and Grenouille. The novel, Perfume, opens up with the birth of Grenouille in eighteenth-century France where “the streets stank of manure, the courtyards of urine” (Suskind 3) and where “ the fish stank so vilely that the smell masked the odor of corpses”(Suskind 5). From the very first pages of the novel, we see the...
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...Florida State University S E R I E S E D I T O R S : W. GEIGER ELLIS, ED.D., ARTHEA J. S. REED, PH.D., UNIVERSITY OF GEORGIA, EMERITUS and UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA, RETIRED A Teacher’s Guide to the Signet Classic Edition of Booker T. Washington’s Up from Slavery 2 INTRODUCTION Booker T. Washington’s commanding presence and oratory deeply moved his contemporaries. His writings continue to influence readers today. Although Washington claimed his autobiography was “a simple, straightforward story, with no attempt at embellishment,” readers for nearly a century have found it richly rewarding. Today, Up From Slavery appeals to a wide audience from early adolescence through adulthood. More important, however, is the inspiration his story of hard work and positive goals gives to all readers. His life is an example providing hope to all. The complexity and contradictions of his life make his autobiography intellectually intriguing for advanced readers. To some he was known as the Sage of Tuskegee or the Black Moses. One of his prominent biographers, Louis R. Harlan, called him the “Wizard of the Tuskegee Machine.” Others acknowledged him to be a complicated person and public figure. Students of American social and political history have come to see that Washington lived a double life. Publicly he appeased the white establishment by remaining cautious in his charges and demands. Privately he worked tirelessly to undo the effects of institutional and cultural racism...
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...geology and psychology’ (Roberts et al, 2000, p.1). ‘Psychology is a science in which behavioural and other evidence (including individuals’ reports of their thoughts and feelings) is used to understand the internal processes leading people (and members of other species) to behave as they do’ (Eysenk, 2009, p.36). ‘Sociology provides a critical and systematic understanding of the processes which structures the society in which we live’ (University of Surrey 2009). The above quotations shortly define biology, psychology and sociology as three individual topics, which will be discussed throughout the whole assignment in order to gain an understanding of the relation of their individual influences to the outcome of my chosen patient’s current health status, a cerebrovascular accident (stroke). Rana and Upton (2009) were the first to research these three factors individually, relating them to poor health and well-being. Roberts’ (2000) definition above describes the certain issues explored within biology today; however, psychological and sociological issues can influence the biological status of the human body. Despite sociology influencing ones behaviour, it is also based around the effect it has upon groups and external events. Sociology does not only target the individual involved, but the way the individual relates and interacts with their social surroundings. Sociologists explore interactions within relationships, social class, gender, race and family life. Through an experience...
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...1 The Foundations of International Society 2013-2014 Part I: Politics 2 (International Relations I) Paper organiser: Professor Christopher Hill (POLIS): Room 105, Alison Richard Building Email: cjh68@cam.ac.uk Lecturers: Professor Hill (CH), Dr Elisabetta Brighi (EB), Dr Aaron Rapport (AR) and Dr Stefano Recchia (SR). Aims and Objectives The course aims to introduce students to the subject of International Relations (IR), whose main focus is the nature of politics at the international level. Students will acquire the empirical and conceptual foundations needed to understand a world political system which cannot be accurately described as either pure anarchy or a coherent form of ‘global governance’. The starting point is the notion of ‘international society’, which refers to the set of institutions and common procedures generated by states over the last three and a half centuries in their attempts to achieve some minimal form of co-existence, but which has gradually evolved to include many non-state actors and different levels of activity – diplomatic, economic and cultural, as well as that of military competition. By the end of the course you should be able to have an informed discussion about: the historical origins of the present system; what is distinctive about international politics as opposed to politics inside the state; and the main challenges which confront humanity in the twenty-first century. You will also acquire a basic familiarity with the main theories needed...
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...and comments throughout the dissertation. We would also like to thank the personnel, managers and the barista for their answers to our questions. Finally we would like to thank the opponent group for their valuable criticism we would also like to take a moment and express our gratitude to the free software Skype that has enabled us to stay in touch despite the long distance between us. Målilla, Düsseldorf, Helsingborg 2007-05-28 Emma Almqvist Barbara Hruzova Kajsa Olsson Abstract The Swedish coffee culture is changing and bringing new business opportunities for multinational coffee shops. Our purpose with this dissertation was to describe the Swedish coffee culture and its changes. We wanted to increase our knowledge about how these changes can make Sweden a more attractive country for coffee shops, like Starbucks, wanting to establish in Sweden. We choose to use a qualitative method with an abductive approach. To gather the primary data we interviewed one barista and sent questionnaires to staff at different big coffee shops in Sweden. The interview questions were made out of five categories of describing culture by Rugman and Hodgetts. These answers and a multiple of articles helped us to describe the coffee culture and the changes. In the conclusion several benefits for coffee shops were identified from the cultural changes. Among the benefits we could see...
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...1. American Sport Movies There are few countries in the world in which sports permeate national life to the degree that it does in the United States. Sports are a big part of the fabric of American life. The centrality of sports in American life is amply reflected in the American cinema. For decades movie makers have successfully mined sports to produce some of the most inspiring, poignant, exciting and memorable American movies ever made. The genre of ‘Sport Movies’ established in the Fifties and the Sixties. At the very beginning it was hard to see it as an independent genre because there was a lot of mixture. There have been propaganda movies as well as comedies, dramas, gangster movies or even westerns combined with some sport scenes. So the movie industry defined three categories of sport movies. Category 1: movies in which the main part of the narration is about sport or an athlete Category 2: movies which tell the life story of an athlete Category 3: movies which use sport scenes to describe a special milieu In addition to that there are a lot of movies of another genre which use sport scenes to dramatise the story or to create a good suspense. The first sport movies were all about the so called American Myth of victory and glory. Fair competitions and the better athletes defeating the weaken. The fascination of sport inspiring the people was used to lure the public. Then in the eighties and nineties there have been made a lot of biographical movies...
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