In 1791 Toussaint Louverture emerged as the commander for the rebel army of black slaves that was led by Georges Biassou and Jean- Francois. Louverture himself was an educated slave that studied Julius Caesar’s military campaigns which made him out to be a strong leader and provided organizational ability that had been lacking in previous uprisings. Though he was originally allied with Spain to capture the northern part of Saint-Domingue but, then switch his allegiance to France in 1794 when Paris abolished slavery, he eventually rose to become the commander in chief of all republican forces in Saint-Domingue. From this position, Louverture once more rebelled against the French and make an effort to create a state free of European influence.