1. “Wealthy, urban societies developed in Mexico and Peru” because of their success in agriculture. These societies had the luck to domesticate and cultivate maize (Mexico), potato (Peru), beans and squash, which are rich in nutrition. In its turn, the agricultural surpluses promoted the growth of population and, as a result, the wealthy society.
2. The spread of corn permitted the development of large-scale North American cultures. The maize’s seeds were used in trades and, first, started to move up to the east coast of Mexico; then to the north of North America. The corn’s seeds were planted, harvested, and traded again and again and, finally, were spread out in all directions.
3. The horses that were imported from Europe transformed the geopolitics of the Plains Indians. With horses, the Native Americans became more mobile that helped them to travel over the large distances. Hunting became easier and more efficient. Also, the Indians on horses were more powerful and could control their neighbors.
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The Protestant Reformation began as disappointment of Catholic Church that before unified Christians in Western Europe. Martin Luther, one of the leaders of Reformation in Germany, asserted the Church in corruption and insisted that only the Bible has the religious authority and that only faith in God can help to receive salvation. The Protestant leader, John Calvin, established the idea of predestination that people could not change their fate, but their hard work and success was the sign of their destiny. These reformation ideas spread in Western Europe, and “contributed” to the Counter-Reformation in the Catholic Church. The competition between Catholics (Spain, Portugal, and France) and Protestants (England and Netherlands) affected the Americas’ colonization since both wanted to extend their