...They built nice homes in what we call today the “suburbs” and created a new social class. The majority of England’s working class lived in absolute poverty, but the Industrial Revolution did bring prosperity to the country as a whole. About 75-80% of this wealth went to those involved in the business and trading realm. Together this group of people began to form a “middle class” and it completely revolutionized society’s social structure. As R. J. Morris said “Class is about power”(31). This body withheld most of the power because of all the revenue they acquired. Eventually later on the middle class grew and was comprised of those who were in between being rich and/or...
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...the Netherlands, northern Germany, the United States and Japan, finally change the world. When considering the Industrial Revolution, it is important to keep in mind the negative consequences as well as the global changes that took place. Back in the 18th century when the revolution began the majority of people lived in the countryside; new changes came from the growth of cities alongside the growth of the industries. We have to realize that with the Industrial Revolution came many changes in the history of our humanity and will continue to influence and sweep our daily lives. For most of the 250 years during this particular “revolution” many things were drastically altered. To begin with, how we lived our day to day lives were immensely changed. What people wore, what they ate, what they did for enjoyment/entertainment, average lifespan, reproductive rate and even education systems changed dramatically. The Industrial Revolution provided countries with new technology which became a necessity, especially with their economy, and with the advantages they were being given they had to ability to become a superpower in this new and rapidly changing world. The Industrial Revolution was definitely responsible for a lot of changes and innovations to world history and due to this time period we are able to live in today’s world with modern industries. The Negative Impact from the Industrial Revolution One of the many impacts that were crafts and manufacturing because they cannot compete...
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...Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution Module 1 Assignment 5 Ecology and Environmental Sustainability Instructor: Janet Bargar Argosy University Aisha Freelove 3/13/16 Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution The Industrial Revolution was introduced in the late 18th century and progressed throughout the 19th century. During this era many advancements were developed. In addition to the many inventions, urbanization expanded, factories were built, and the environment suffered negative impacts due to air pollution, deforestation, and many other factors. Three of the most negatively impacted inventions to the environment, were the Canal, The Railroad and Locomotive, and the Automobile. There were some positive impacts to these three inventions, but the environment unfortunately was not one of them. Dewitt Clinton was one of the men behind the invention of the Erie Canal. Although history has stated that the idea was not originated by Clinton, he was a significant factor in the process. History states that an imprisoned flour merchant by the name of Jesse Hawley He envisioned building a canal across New York State. His initial goal was to provide an alternate route to help others navigate between the Great Lakes, the Hudson River, and the Atlantic Ocean. Hawley developed the idea after failed attempts to successfully transport his own products. Construction started in 1817 and was completed in 1825. The actual mileage span was...
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...see how large materials are transported. How roads started out and were made. We see how electricity is controlled to make lights works and cable cars move. We also see the challenges there were faced and are still faced today because of the Industrial Revolution. | The Industrial Revolution began in the United Kingdom in 1750. It continues today, but not to the extent that it did back then. The growth spurt from back then lasted 100 years. This growth impacted almost every single aspect of the American lifestyle as we know it today. While there are many positive aspects of this revolution, two stood out more than all the others. The first one that stood out was how much transportation was expanded. The second was the significance of harnessing electricity, and the impact it has had on America. During the Industrial Revolution, things started to get noticed. One big this was how would materials be transported from point A to point B. Well, there was one of three options on how materials could be moved. There was the choice of water, roads or railroads. Transporting materials was important in the United States and people were starting to head west. At the beginning there were no roads, or railroads. Just streams and rivers, but the people didn’t have an easy way to travel east to west. During this period, the early 1780s, waterways were the easiest way to move large heavy items, such as coal and steel. It was mostly by paddleboat, until 1807 when the steam engine was...
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... modifications, arrangements and procedures. Technologies significantly affect human as well as other animal species' ability to control and adapt to their natural environments. Rudolf Diesel and his invention diesel engine is the object of the paper. The goal of the paper is to analize this invention, talk about Rudolf Diesel and his theory of diesel engine, its advantages and disadvantages, types and working principles. The diesel engines of today are refined and improved versions of Rudolf Diesel's original concept. They are often used in submarines, ships, locomotives, and large trucks and in electric generating plants. Technology has affected society and its surroundings in a number of ways. In many societies, technology has helped develop more advancedeconomies (including today's global economy) and has allowed the rise of a leisure class. Many technological processes produce unwanted by-products, known as pollution, and deplete natural resources, to the detriment of the Earth and its environment. Contents INTRODUCTION 4 1. Rudofl Diesel. Biography 5 2. HISTORY 6 3. How diesel engines work 7 3.1. Early fuel injection systems 7 3.2. Mechanical and electronic injection 8 3.3. Direct injection 8 4. Types 9 4.1. Size Groups. 9 4.2. Basic Types of Diesel Engines 9 4.3. Gas generator 10 4.4. Modern High- and Medium-speed Engines 10 5. Advantages and disadvantages versus spark-ignition...
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...started into three major processes: Revolution, (and nationalism) Industrialization Imperialism Lastly the Rise of the “nation-state” Age of Enlightenment (1650-1780’s) There were plenty of forward thinkers. Each was moving toward science as the new way of thinking. They used the application of universal laws of the natural world to social world. They valued ration over revelation. The government was as a contract. The ideas of Freedom, equality and sovereignty were held as the highest. The belief was to move forward in progress. French Revolution (1789-1799) The aim was to abolish the monarchy that was in france, it ultimately failed. It was far more radical than the American, but still failed. Mostly because they had no idea how to run a government. Whereas the Americans had some knowledge about their own rule. Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821) Declared himself emperor and attempted to bring political stability to post-revolutionary france. He was however forced to abdicate the throne and exiled to Elba. He then escaped and ruled again for another 100 days, he was defeated by the british at waterloo, and exiled to St. Helena. Haitian Revolution (1791-1804) Most successful slave revolt in history. There were 3 sides to the revolut. White colonialists, Creoles and the slave...
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...Engineering: An Introduction for High School Annapurna Ganesh Chell Roberts Dale Baker Darryl Morrell Janel White-Taylor Stephen Krause Tirupalavanam G. Ganesh Say Thanks to the Authors Click http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (No sign in required) www.ck12.org iii To access a customizable version of this book, as well as other interactive content, visit www.ck12.org CK-12 Foundation is a non-profit organization with a mission to reduce the cost of textbook materials for the K-12 market both in the U.S. and worldwide. Using an open-content, web-based collaborative model termed the FlexBook®, CK-12 intends to pioneer the generation and distribution of high-quality educational content that will serve both as core text as well as provide an adaptive environment for learning, powered through the FlexBook Platform®. Copyright © 2011 CK-12 Foundation, www.ck12.org The names “CK-12” and “CK12” and associated logos and the terms “FlexBook®”, and “FlexBook Platform®”, (collectively “CK-12 Marks”) are trademarks and service marks of CK-12 Foundation and are protected by federal, state and international laws. Any form of reproduction of this book in any format or medium, in whole or in sections must include the referral attribution link http://www.ck12.org/saythanks (placed in a visible location) in addition to the following terms. Except as otherwise noted, all CK-12 Content (including CK-12 Curriculum Material) is made available to Users in accordance with the Creative Commons...
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...Around the World in 80 Days By Jules Verne Download free eBooks of classic literature, books and novels at Planet eBook. Subscribe to our free eBooks blog and email newsletter. CHAPTER I IN WHICH PHILEAS FOGG AND PASSEPARTOUT ACCEPT EACH OTHER, THE ONE AS MASTER, THE OTHER AS MAN M r. Phileas Fogg lived, in 1872, at No. 7, Saville Row, Burlington Gardens, the house in which Sheridan died in 1814. He was one of the most noticeable members of the Reform Club, though he seemed always to avoid attracting attention; an enigmatical personage, about whom little was known, except that he was a polished man of the world. People said that he resembled Byron—at least that his head was Byronic; but he was a bearded, tranquil Byron, who might live on a thousand years without growing old. Certainly an Englishman, it was more doubtful whether Phileas Fogg was a Londoner. He was never seen on ‘Change, nor at the Bank, nor in the counting-rooms of the Around the World in 80 Days ‘City”; no ships ever came into London docks of which he was the owner; he had no public employment; he had never been entered at any of the Inns of Court, either at the Temple, or Lincoln’s Inn, or Gray’s Inn; nor had his voice ever resounded in the Court of Chancery, or in the Exchequer, or the Queen’s Bench, or the Ecclesiastical Courts. He certainly was not a manufacturer; nor was he a merchant or a gentleman farmer. His name was strange to the scientific and learned societies...
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...The change of American automobile industry Bing Bai St. Thomas University Feb 20, 2013 Author Note Bing Bai, Department of Business, St. Thomas University This research was supported in part by a grant from the BUS 673 management writing & reporting class. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Bing Bai, Department of Business, St. Thomas University, 16401 NW 37th Avenue, Miami Gardens, FL 33054 Contact: b0771276@stu.edu Introduction 2009, by the impact of the economic downturn in North America, the auto market is also showing a downward trend, the U.S. auto market, sales reached bottom in recent years, a decline of more than 20%. With the slow recovery of the economy in North America, as well as various stimulus policies play a role, so that the downward trend in remission. In 2010, total sales of U.S. automotive (car, SUV, MPV, pickup truck) reached 11,590,274, an increase of 11% year-on-year, U.S. vehicle sales remained year-on-year growth of 11% in January-July 2011. Undergo the shrinking of automobile market, although the United States rely on to curb the momentum of a sharp decline in the automotive market policy factors to a certain extent, the government "TM" subsidies just one pin short-term cardiac and unable to drive the stable recovery of the automotive market. The decline of the Big Three, but also to the...
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...of the Study Sombart’s Hypothesis An Alternative Model; Entrepreneurial Decision-making Context: The Industrial Revolution and ‘Profit’ The Changing Nature of ‘Investment’ The Great Depression of 1873-96 Intellectual Introspection Irving Fisher and the Conception of Capital and Income 17 17 17 23 25 26 30 32 34 34 35 36 38 38 38 39 43 46 49 50 51 54 55 1.10 Research Issues Identified 1.11 Summary Derivation of Research Issues 2.1 2.2 Introduction Evidence from Extant Accounts 2.2.1 Fixed Assets in Mercantile Accounting 2.2.2 The East India Company 2.2.3 Fixed Assets and Early Industrial Accounting 2.2.4 Capital Asset Accounting After 1870 2.2.4.i Renewal Accounting 2.2.4.ii Double-Account System 2.2.4.iii A Rejected Hypothesis 2.3 Steam and Iron: the ‘Railway Age’ iv 2.3.1 ‘Loco motion’: An Evolving Technology 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 Research Issues Methodological Approach Structure of the Thesis Summary 59 68 69 70 72 74 74 75 77 77 79 79 81 82 86 88 Evaluative Framework 3.1 3.2 3.3 Introduction Static Equilibrium Analysis...
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...1 General Science General Science CHAPTER I. CHAPTER CHAPTER CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER I CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER II CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER III CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER IV CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER V CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VI CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER VIII CHAPTER IX CHAPTER IX 2 CHAPTER IX CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER X CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XI CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIII CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XIV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XV CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVI CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XVIII CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XIX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XX CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXI CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIII CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXIV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXV CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI CHAPTER XXVI General Science CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXVIII CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXIX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXX CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXI CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIII CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXIV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV CHAPTER XXXV General...
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...The Challenge of Breakthrough Innovations Table of Contents “The Breakthrough”…………………………………………………………………………………2 Dilemma/ Struggle of Established Firms……………………………………………………………3 Rules for Innovation………………………………………………………………………………….4 Building An Ambidextrous Organization………………………..…………………………………6 Conclusion and Recommendations………………………………………………………………….8 Reference……………………………………………………………………………………………...9 Appendix…………………………………………………………………..………………………...12 “The Breakthrough” One dictionary definition of breakthrough is: "a significant and dramatic overcoming of a perceived obstacle, allowing the completion of a process." But what really makes an innovation a breakthrough (radical, disruptive) one, rather than incremental, from a marketing point of view? According to Boston Consulting Group report, breakthrough innovations are defined as “innovative products that offer consumers significant new benefits through advances in technology, formulations, or applications or through more convenient packaging (Boston Consulting Group (BCG): A Disciplined Approach to Breakthrough Innovations). Christensen (1997) argues that a necessary condition for an innovation to be disruptive is that it “captures new markets in an original and unexpected way.” Academics of marketing literature differ in their opinion about a relationship between a significant new technology and disruptive innovation. Some authors believe that radical innovation goes hand-in-hand with a significant...
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...GLOBAL WARMING Introduction Global warming begins when sunlight reaches Earth. The clouds, atmospheric particles, reflective ground surfaces and ocean surface then reflected about 30 percent of it back into space, while the remaining is absorbed by oceans, lands and air. This in turn heats the planet’s surface and atmosphere, making life possible. As Earth warmed up, this solar energy is radiated by thermal radiation or infrared heat, traveling directly out to space, thus cooling the Earth. However, some of the outgoing radiation is re-absorbed by carbon dioxide, water vapor and other gases in the atmosphere and is radiated back to Earth’s surface; these gases are known as greenhouse gases due to their heat-trapping capacity. This re-absorption process is naturally good; the Earth’s average surface temperature would be very cold if not for the greenhouse gases. The problem begins when the concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere were artificially raised by humankind at an ever-increasing rate since the past 250 years. As of 2004, over 8 billion tons of carbon dioxide was pumped out per year; natural carbon sinks such as forests and the ocean absorbed some of this, while the rest accumulated in the atmosphere. Millions of pounds of methane are produced in landfills and agricultural decomposition of biomass and animal manure. Nitrous oxide is released into the atmosphere by nitrogen-based fertilizers and other soil management practices. Once released, these greenhouse...
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...He is a recipient of a MacArthur Foundation Fellowship and was awarded a 1999 National Medal of Science. He is also the author of The Third Chimpanzee. SUMMARY The book asks and attempts to answer the question, once humankind spread throughout the world, why did different populations in different locations have such different histories? The modern world has been shaped by conquest, epidemics, and genocide, the ingredients of which arose first in Eurasia. The book’s premise is that those ingredients required the development of agriculture. Agriculture also arose first in Eurasia, not because Eurasians were superior in any way to people of other continents, but because of a unique combination of naturally occurring advantages, including more and more suitable wild crops and animals to domesticate, a larger land mass with fewer barriers to the spread of people, crops, and technology, and an east-west axis which meant that climate was similar across the region. The book is well written and contains not only information about the history of cultures around the world, but excellent descriptions of the scientific methodologies used to study them, from how archeologists study the origin of agriculture to how writing evolved to how linguistics can trace the movements of peoples across huge geographic areas. There are useful examples, maps and charts throughout, which make principles discussed in the body easy to visualize and compare. The appendix includes a chapter by chapter list of further...
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...THE FUTURE OF EMPLOYMENT: HOW SUSCEPTIBLE ARE JOBS TO COMPUTERISATION?∗ Carl Benedikt Frey† and Michael A. Osborne‡ September 17, 2013 . Abstract We examine how susceptible jobs are to computerisation. To assess this, we begin by implementing a novel methodology to estimate the probability of computerisation for 702 detailed occupations, using a Gaussian process classifier. Based on these estimates, we examine expected impacts of future computerisation on US labour market outcomes, with the primary objective of analysing the number of jobs at risk and the relationship between an occupation’s probability of computerisation, wages and educational attainment. According to our estimates, about 47 percent of total US employment is at risk. We further provide evidence that wages and educational attainment exhibit a strong negative relationship with an occupation’s probability of computerisation. Keywords: Occupational Choice, Technological Change, Wage Inequality, Employment, Skill Demand JEL Classification: E24, J24, J31, J62, O33. We thank the Oxford University Engineering Sciences Department and the Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology for hosting the “Machines and Employment” Workshop. We are indebted to Stuart Armstrong, Nick Bostrom, Eris Chinellato, Mark Cummins, Daniel Dewey, David Dorn, Alex Flint, Claudia Goldin, John Muellbauer, Vincent Mueller, Paul Newman, Seán Ó hÉigeartaigh, Anders Sandberg, Murray Shanahan, and Keith ...
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