...TELECOMMUNICATIONS Telecommunication is communication at a distance by technological means, particularly through electrical signals or electromagnetic waves. Due to the many different technologies involved, the word is often used in a plural form, as telecommunications. Early telecommunication technologies included visual signals, such as beacons, smoke signals, semaphore telegraphs, signal flags, and optical heliographs. Other examples of pre-modern telecommunications include audio messages such as coded drumbeats, lung-blown horns, and loud whistles. Electrical and electromagnetic telecommunication technologies include telegraph, telephone, and teleprinter, networks, radio, microwave transmission, fiber optics, communications satellites and the Internet. A revolution in wireless telecommunications began in the 1900s with pioneering developments in radio communications by Guglielmo Marconi. Marconi won the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1909 for his efforts. Other highly notable pioneering inventors and developers in the field of electrical and electronic telecommunications include Charles Wheatstone and Samuel Morse (telegraph), Alexander Graham Bell (telephone), Edwin Armstrong, and Lee de Forest (radio), as well as John Logie Baird and Philo Farnsworth (television). The world's effective capacity to exchange information through two-way telecommunication networks grew from 281 petabytes of (optimally compressed) information in 1986, to 471 petabytes in 1993, to 2.2 (optimally...
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...1834, the Morse code was invented in which information was sent and received through an electrical instrument, called the telegraph. Then in 1876, Graham Bell invented the telephone, a device in which transmits information through sounds (voices) over long distances. Two decades later Marconi solved the problem for sending information without the wires, and thus radio and television were born. Moving forward to the 20th century, ENIAC, the first possible computer was made. (Chatterjee, 2014) From there, the world tried to merge together these technology to serve as a source of information and mode of communication. Cellular phones, by definition of Merriam Webster, is a small, portable telephone that people can take with them and use outside their homes. Presently, cell phones are much more than that. To the point, individuals take them whenever or wherever. Due to the improvement and development of cell phones it has risen to popularity. Similar to everything else, it has its advantages and drawbacks. As cell phones continue to rise into fame and stay constantly into lives of individuals, it also continues to change the way of living, gradually. Comparing technology from two centuries before and technology today, drastic changes can be seen. Changes that includes the of impact cell phones to the society, which consists of both positive and negative sides. Initially cell phones were invented for the purpose of long distance and instant...
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...Bill did his best to provided us with plenty of insightful information that allowed us to piece together the information we are sharing below. One of the things that he told us and we all know is that IT has become a critical part of every business in the world and that it was created because there are customers. Background of the organization During the interview we asked about the background of the IT department but we were not given much about it, so I decided to add some background about TAMUSA and also some about the IT industry. School Background: Texas A&M University-San Antonio is a contemporary university reflective of the diverse and heritage-rich community it serves. Founded as the first upper-division institution of higher education in South San Antonio, A&M-SA today is a comprehensive four-year university offering affordable, high-quality education. A&M-SA prepares and empowers students with knowledge and marketable skills that prepare them for rewarding careers, responsible global citizenship and lifelong learning. IT Background: Information technology is characterized by a principal technology used to solve the input, processing, output and communication problems of the time. It is structure the way it is to give the customer support they need. It has to be divide it in many areas, IT is so big that nobody could know or handle everything and that is why every IT department have many subsections. IT has been around for a long, long time. Basically, as long as...
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...organization increase through extensive mergers and acquisitions, the corporate culture of the company was all jumbled up and there were no uniformity in the management policies in each department. Furthermore, the company's focus on building revenue and disregarding the long-term costs had caused the company burdensome amount of expenses. While the telecommunication industry decline, the managers was forced to use extremity to sustain the good image of the business, thus started to manipulate the accounts, specifically through the release of accruals and capitalization of costs. The conduct was performed through monarch orders by the top management commanding the General Accounting Department to manipulate the accounts, restricting the scope of inquiry of the Internal Audit Department, misleading the External Auditor and also the Board of Directors. Executive Summary Table of Contents Introduction 3 1.0 Statement of Problem 4 2.0 Causes of Problem 6 3.0 Decision Criteria and Alternative Solutions 14 4.0 Recommended Solution, Implementation and Justification 28 Appendix 32 Introduction WorldCom was established in 1983 as a long distance telephone provider that known as Long Distance Discount Services (LDDS) and became a public company through a...
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...Santhosh Thannikatt, Department of Commerce,Naipunnya Institute of Management and Information Technology Submission date : 15thjuly 2015 By Gokul Manoj B.com Finance 3 rd semester Submitted to, Santhosh Thannikatt, Department of Commerce,Naipunnya Institute of Management and Information Technology Submission date : 15thjuly 2015 By Wireless communication Wireless communication Wireless technology exists to enhance the human sensory feelings to give people the opportunity to be heard, to listen and be educated, to recognize and be recognized. It is a type of technology that allows you to express yourself anywhere, anytime toward achieving a greater level of communication. The objective in this paper is to become familiar with the concept of wireless technology. Various topics are covered to include Wireless history, standards, basic principles, regulatory change, and global implications. There was a time when you could easily count all the men in the country who even pretended to know anything about wireless. No one of the few who were working with wireless then, knew whether a set carefully put together would work at all or how far the signals could be heard. Transmissions of a hundred miles or more were hailed as remarkable. Present-day radio listeners are quite prone to think of radio as nothing more than telephonic broadcasting. But before the wireless telephone, came tremendous amounts of hard, sometimes discouraging, but always fascinating and essentially romantic...
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...Owusu Soniya Billore Bachelor degree 27th May, 2014 1 Course code: 2FE50E Date: Svedberg & Svensson (2014); Eat the food, drink the booze and settle the deal! Abstract Background: China is today regarded as Sweden’s most important business partner in Asia. Even if there are cultural differences between Sweden and China the intercultural distance has successively decreased. One of the reasons is the globalisation. Another reason is the consecutive development of Swedish-Chinese relations. The interpretation from common understanding has increased the level of trade between the nations. There is an on-going development of business co-operation between Sweden and China. The Purpose: This Bachelor Thesis will examine the differences between the SwedishChinese business culture and how the cultural differences affect the Swedish B2B in China. The purpose is formulated by the basis of our main research questions; “How do Swedish B2B companies perceive the cultural differences between the Swedish and Chinese way of doing business?“ and “how do Swedish companies operating in China deal with business cultural diversity in China?” Theoretical Framework: The basis of our Bachelor Thesis examines the theories within cultural dimension. The theoretical framework is based on proven studies from e.g. Hofstede’s Five Dimensions, Trompenaars Cultural Diversity, CVS, the GLOBE Study, Cross-Cultural- Communication & Adaptation and Guanxi. Methodology: We have used an abductive...
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...Inc., 1005 Gravenstein Highway North, Sebastopol, CA 95472. O’Reilly books may be purchased for educational, business, or sales promotional use. Online editions are also available for most titles (http://my.safaribooksonline.com). For more information, contact our corporate/institutional sales department: (800) 998-9938 or corporate@oreilly.com. Editors: Simon St. Laurent and Brian Jepson Production Editor: Teresa Elsey Copyeditor: Audrey Doyle Proofreader: Teresa Elsey Indexer: Lucie Haskins Cover Designer: Karen Montgomery Interior Designer: David Futato Illustrator: Robert Romano Printing History: March 2011: First Edition. Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Arduino Cookbook, the image of a toy rabbit, and related trade dress are trademarks of O’Reilly Media, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and O’Reilly Media, Inc., was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher and authors assume no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the information contained herein. ISBN: 978-0-596-80247-9 [LSI] 1299267108 Table of Contents Preface . . . . . . . . . . . . ....
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...Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6 Chapter 7 COMMUNICATION SKILLS COMMUNICATION BARRIERS FEEDBACK TELEPHONE TECHNIQUES WORKING WITH OTHERS LEADERSHIP AND NETWORKING PRESENTATION SKILLS Page 03 Page 06 Page 08 Page 09 Page 14 Page 17 Page 19 Interpersonal Skills Front Office Department, January 2012 2 CHAPTER 1 COMMUNICATION SKILLS In this Chapter; Definition of communication and its process Major parties, tools and functions of communication Types of communication Barriers to communication and ways to overcome them Effective, active listening skills and ways to avoid distractions Interpersonal Skills Front Office Department, January 2012 3 Introduction The purpose of communication is to get your message across to others clearly and unambiguously. Doing this involves effort from both the sender of the message and the receiver. And it's a process that can be fraught with error, with messages often misinterpreted by the recipient. When this isn't detected, it can cause tremendous confusion, wasted effort and missed opportunity. In fact, communication is only successful when both the sender and the receiver understand the same information as a result of the communication. By successfully getting your message across, you convey your thoughts and ideas effectively. When not successful, the thoughts and ideas that you convey do not necessarily reflect your own, causing a communications breakdown and creating roadblocks that stand in the way of...
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...faced with an ethical dilemma? Why did Joe Paterno and administrators at Penn State University look the other way and fail to act on irrefutable evidence that former assistant football coach Jerry Sandusky had raped and molested young boys, an offense for which Sandusky currently is serving a 30- to 60-year sentence? According to the independent report by Louis Freeh that investigated the sexual abuse, four of the most powerful people at Penn State, including president Graham Spanier, athletic director Timothy Curley, senior vice president Gary Schultz, and head football coach Joe Paterno, sheltered a child predator harming children for over a decade by concealing Sandusky’s activities from the board of trustees, the university community, and authorities. The Freeh report characterizes the inactions as lacking empathy for the victims by failing to inquire as to their safety and wellbeing. Not only that, but they exposed the first abused child to additional harm by alerting Sandusky, who was the only one who knew the child’s identity, of what assistant coach Mike McQueary saw in the shower on the night of February 9, 2001.1 McQueary testified at the June 2012 trial of Sandusky that when he was a graduate assistant, he walked into the locker room and heard sounds of slapping and observed Sandusky up against a boy, whose hands were up against the wall.2 He reported the suspected child abuse to Paterno who reported the incident to his superiors but did not confront Sandusky or report...
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...World in Flux Table of Contents Preface: A Swiftly Texting Planet ................................................................. 2 I. The Determinators....................................................................................... 4 Toward a model for technological change............................................. 5 I’m on Team IDUAR ................................................................................ 6 Disruptive technologies..............................................................................8 Classic Technologies ...................................................................................9 The time of wheels ..................................................................................9 How the stirrup stirred things up ......................................................10 Print all about it: the printing press ................................................... 11 II. Transformations in Everyday Life .......................................................... 13 Turning on the lights ................................................................................. 13 Picking up the telephone ......................................................................... 15 Radio and television .................................................................................. 17 What #1 and #2 Have in Common........................................................ 20 This Section is Microwave Safe ...................................
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...rights@newagepublishers.com ISBN (10) : 81-224-2349-3 ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2349-5 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com PREFACE This text, ‘Telecommunication Switching and Networks’ is intended to serve as a onesemester text for undergraduate course of Information Technology, Electronics and Communication Engineering, and Telecommunication Engineering. This book provides in depth knowledge on telecommunication switching and good background for advanced studies in communication networks. The entire subject is dealt with conceptual treatment and the analytical or mathematical approach is made only to some extent. For best understanding, more diagrams (202) and tables (35) are introduced wherever necessary in each chapter. The telecommunication switching is the fast growing field and enormous research and development are undertaken by various organizations and firms. The communication networks have unlimited research potentials. Both telecommunication switching and communication networks develop new techniques and technologies everyday. This book provides complete fundamentals of all the topics it has focused. However, a candidate pursuing postgraduate course, doing research in these areas and the employees of telecom...
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...How do new technologies impact on workforce organisation? Rapid review of international evidence Report developed by The Evidence Centre for Skills for Health Contents Key Themes ............................................................................................................................................ 3 Scope .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 How are teams being organised?.......................................................................................................... 7 Substituting grades and roles ............................................................................................................................... 7 Reducing staff or team size .................................................................................................................................. 8 Empowering patients............................................................................................................................................. 9 Changing the place of care ................................................................................................................................. 10 Working across organisations ............................................................................................................................. 10 Working across regional areas .........................
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...-“Strauss versus Brains and Genes or the postmodern vengeful return of positivism.” This essay first started as an answer to what I deemed very problematic, i.e. the disputation which I found in bad faith (un-authentic to use a philosophical term or an existentialist term), of the mediatic, dashing Harvard cognitivist/linguist, Steven Pinker, in his article “Neglected novelists, embattled English professors, tenure-less historians, and other struggling denizens of the Humanities, Science is not your Enemy—a plea for an intellectual truce,” (The New Republic--August 19). Then the counter-arguments against Steven Pinker’s conception of the “human animal” developed into an essay arguing that the New Positivism, not science, or technology per say, was the enemy of humanism and its avatars as such. The point is not to become a postmodern anti-scientific Luddite. Genomics are changing the world in ways we barely imagine yet and will re-define what it means to be human (a becoming already imagined by science fiction writers, social critics and critical thinkers such as the feminist Donna Haraway with her “Cyborg”). The point is also not to turn “anti-brainiac.” Without a brain we would become vegetative, a vegetal…, i.e. a purely “natural body,” a “zombie.” If we make use of this “computer” allegory which is an analog but not a homologue, and which is used ad nauseam used by psycho-biologists, without a hard-drive there is no software. But is this a reason to say that the software is but...
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...AN EVALUATION OF COMMUNICATION INTEGRATION WITHIN A STATE-OWNED ORGANISATION by MOALUSI JONAS MAENETJA Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF ARTS WITH SPECIALISATION IN ORGANISATIONAL COMMUNICATION RESEARCH AND PRACTICE at the UNIVERSITY OF SOUTH AFRICA SUPERVISOR: PROF TC DU PLESSIS JOINT SUPERVISOR: PROF DF DU PLESSIS APRIL 2009 Student number: 697-616-6 DECLARATION I declare that THE EVALUATION OF THE CURRENT POSITION OF COMMUNICATION INTEGRATION WITHIN A STATE - OWNED ORGANISATION is my own work and that all the sources I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. …………………………………….. SIGNATURE (MR MJ MAENETJA) ………………… DATE 2 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Throughout the composition of this Masters Dissertation I was blessed to have the support and encouragement of some very special people. I hereby wish to acknowledge the contribution of the following persons: • To my family, friends and Eskom colleagues for supporting me through all my years of study. Thank you for believing in me, even when I did not believe in myself. Thank you for all of the unconditional love and support you gave me. What I have done, I have done to make you proud. • Large amounts of gratitude to professor TC Du Plessis and professor DF Du Plessis from the Department of Communication at the University of South Africa for...
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...would have a negative impact on the existing culture of their society. Globalization therefore has mostly narrowed down to economic integration and this mainly happens through three channels; flow of finance, trade of goods and services and capital movement. Globalization is a term that includes a wide range of social and economic variations. It encompasses topics like the cultural changes, economics, finance trends, and global market expansion. There are positive and negative effects of globalization - it all comes as a package. Globalization helps in creating new markets and wealth, at the same time it is responsible for extensive suffering, disorder, and unrest. The great financial crisis that just happened is the biggest example of how negative globalization can turn. It clearly reveals the dangers of an unstable, deregulated, global economy. At the same time, this gave rise to important global initiatives, striving towards betterment. Globalization is a factor responsible for both repression and the social boom. What happens when there is a growing integration of economies across the globe? Majorly there have been positive impacts of this global phenomenon - through liberalization, privatization and globalization (LPG). Due to globalization, there has been significant flow of inward foreign direct investment. MNC companies are getting a chance to explore various different markets across economies and explore the untapped potential. Globalization can usefully be conceived...
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