...focuses on the formation of early relationships and their influence on later developmental outcomes. The social constructionist perspective explores "how knowledge about sex and gender has been constructed within particular historical and social contexts" (Wood et al 2007) this perspective assumes that the knowledge comes from social contexts and is evidenced predominately by an individual's use of language. This study explores the paradigm of attachment from the social constructionist perspective. The paradigm of attachment is concerned with a "strong, ongoing emotional bond between two people" (Wood et al 2007) and suggests that attachment is fundamental to emotional, social and cognitive progression. Bowlby, an attachment theorist purports that attachment is a survival instinct in infancy, and once established it remains relatively fixed throughout life. Positive attachments created in vertical relationships, that is an "attachment to someone who has greater knowledge or social power - a typical example is a child's relationship with a parent or a teacher" (Wood et al 2007) forms a secure foundation for which an infant can explore their environment and can return to if the environment becomes too challenging. Bowlby claims that a synchronicity develops between the infant and primary attachment figure and this is significant in the construction of internal working models (IWM) of the individual, the primary attachment figure and the relationship between the two (as cited by...
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...said “Always remember that you are absolutely unique. Just like everyone else (Mead).” As Westerners, we know that we are free to do as we choose and we sincerely do not like when someone tells us otherwise. What happens when we are faced with a situation where a group is telling us that what we know to be correct is, in fact, incorrect? As much as we believe that we are a free and independent people, British author Doris Lessing’s speech tells a different story. Lessing states that we “are now in possession of a great deal of hard information about ourselves, but we do not use it to improve our institutions and therefore our lives (Lessing).” Lessing spoke in 1985 about Western humans and how we perceive ourselves. She believes that Westerners are very educated and have a very high sense of self. Westerners go through life rarely questioning what others tell us, instead just accepting it as absolute truth. Americans especially are very prone to social pressures and feel significant pressure to conform. In the age of Facebook and Twitter, many adolescents feel an enormous amount of pressure from friends and social media about what they should look like, what they should be wearing, what music they should be listening to. Adults are no exception. Adults are pressured all through their lives that they should go to college, get married, and have children. Even if this is not something an individual wishes for themselves...
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...between virtue, values, and moral concepts as it relates to one of the theories. Ethics and morality play a major role in day to day situations; they dictate how to respond in an acceptable manner. Similarities and Differences Virtue Ethics deals with what is right or wrong. It is character-based ethics that views ones action over a period and not for a single action. Utilitarianism theory implies that an action is morally right when it creates a worthy result for the greater good of the people. Deontology is a moral theory that emphasis on one’s duty to do the right thing or take an action, without thinking of the consequences. All three theories deal with how a person perceives, judges, and react to a situation. Each theory deals with demonstrating the good in a person; making the right or morally correct decision. Both Virtue Ethics and Deontology deal with what is ethically and morally right or wrong. Motivation is what causes a significant difference among the three theories. Virtue ethics emphasis trying to achieve excellence in all you do, in your personal and professional lives. Utilitarianism focuses on whether or not an action has beneficial consequences. Some may perceive this moral theory to be selfish because you are not looking out for self but for the greater good of everyone. On the other hand deontology deals solemnly on if the action is morally right, the consequences can be harmful to the majority but can still be considered morally correct...
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...Adult College Students Who Work Adult College Students Who Work Rose Savage Comm 215/ Essential of College Writing October 10, 2011 Instructor: Rachel Delgado Adult College Students Who Work Rose Savage Comm 215Essential of College Writing October 10, 2011 Instructor: Rachel Delgado Adult College Students Who Work There are more adult college students who are working while they attend school, but this may not be a healthy one because the adult learners are distracted from their studies and are unable to participate in normal activities and are jeopardizing their home, school, work and health. It is not healthy for an adult student to work and attend to other aspects of their life without thinking about leaving the college environment and just tend to the everyday need of their families. Adult learners are returning to college by the thousands to learn that they may not be able to handle such a heavy workload when they start out, but some adult learners says that they can handle the pressure of family, school and work. Is this healthy for the adult learners or are they headed for more than they bargain for. Coupled with financial strain, work and family commitments accounts for more than 50 percent of adult college students dropouts according to a study conducted by the Inside Track, a national student coaching company. (Dewey Square Group) According to the company...
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...“Little children, headache; big children, heartache”-Italian Proverb. On the outside, young adults are taller, stronger, and smarter, while toddlers are smaller, weaker, and incapable of simple tasks. Writing formal papers, solving algebraic problems, and maintaining a job is only a few of the requirements expected from teenagers. On the other hand, toddlers learn their ABC’s, pronounce words and sentences, and how to be creative with arts and crafts. Despite popular belief, there is more than meets the eye for these two individuals. From a quick glance, toddlers and adolescents might appear like complete opposites, but looking more in depth, they both don’t take into account the feelings of others, act in risky behaviors, and will need...
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...an overall sense of well-being (Berger, 2009). Remaining socially active and independent for as long as possible instead of succumbing to isolating is key during this stage of adulthood (Berger, 2009). In the stage of late adulthood living socially active, healthy, and physically active lives while maintaining important family roles is very important , which illiminates some stressor of aging that may be brought on by negative and stereotypical thoughts of ageism which will assist in their premature decline. High quality medical care assisted by technology can provide aging adults comfort knowing they are helping to protect and safeguard younger generations as science learns from the older generations. Ageism and Stereotypes In late adulthood, there are a lot of stereotypes and misunderstandings of older adults (Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood, n.d.). Ageism and perceptions against someone’s age, causes negative understanding of older adults. Some of these stereotypes are representations of weakness or ineptitude in a negative light, and some are just meant to be jokes (Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood, n.d.). The bias against older adult individuals in a negative light has been called ageism (Emotional and Social Development in Late Adulthood, n.d. As one...
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...transition services. Review of research indicates that there has not been much research conducted regarding student perceptions of the influence family members have on decision made regarding transition services. So this would lead to the question how much do family members influence the decisions of students when they are determining transition services. Understanding the role that families play in the decision making of these students will be extremely important in the vocational rehabilitation process. Having this information will enable rehabilitation professionals to determine the most productive way to interact with the student. This information will also provide the...
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...state laws, juvenile offenders do not commit "crimes", they commit delinquent acts, and some of these acts would constitute as crimes if committed by an adult. The trial phase of a juvenile case is called an adjudication hearing. This is when the judge hears the evidence and makes a determination whether the child is delinquent or not. The court may then take whatever action it deems necessary to be in the child's best interest. The purpose of the juvenile court is to rehabilitate, not to punish. However, the clash point in this debate is whether juveniles are mature enough to handle the consequences of their actions and as well be punished more severely in adult courts, if they commit more serious crimes. One of the basic problems and source of this debate is determining where to draw the line. A crime is still considered a crime, no matter who commits it. That is the attitude of many in this country that leads to the question of whether or not the whole juvenile system should be discarded and allow the judicial system of criminal courts to try both children and adults under the same law, with the same rules. Here are a few points that will help elaborate on why eradicating the juvenile system might be considered a bad idea. On most occasions, we'll find that the kids who have committed a crime are as young as 9 and 10. It is an understood and even proven in facts that a child at an age like this, dose not have the mental ability like that of an adult, to plan and execute any crime...
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...effects on a quality relationship; these ideas will help to explain some of the reasons for its new found popularity as the new form of un-marriage. Cohabitation versus Quality Cohabitation is a very complex family structure. For about half of cohabiters, it is a relationship that lasts about 2 years and then ends, either through marriage or just termination. For others, it is a predecessor to marriage. Except for one tenth of these cohabiters, it is just a long-term relationship. Even though the majority of these relationships share many of the qualities of marriage, like sharing a residence and personal resources, monogamy, and, in a substantial number of cases, procreation; we know very little about the quality of cohabiting relationships compared with what we know about the quality of marital relations (Brown and Booth 1996). One of the most fascinating perspectives of relationships today is the new standard by which people relate. Traditionally, there was dating or courtship and then marriage. No exceptions. Marriage is known as the foundation of a family and the basic building block of society which brings significant stability and meaning to human relationships, being the ideal for the raising of children, and being an important role in transmitting culture and civilization to future generations. Before marriage takes place there is usually a courtship. Dating is the precedent of courtship. Today,...
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...Name Professor Course Date Metaphysics METAPHYSICS The word metaphysics is derived from Greek words; Meta meaning beyond or after while physicia means physical which refers to the works on matter by Aristotle in antiquity (Statile, et al. 2006). Therefore, it is literally after physics. Metaphysics is a branch of philosophy that is concerned with the understanding and the explanation of the fundamentals of Nature of being and the world (Statile, et al. 2006). It seeks to investigate the principles of reality; state of things as they exist and whether or not they are observable or comprehensible. Aristoterian hylomorphism Aristotelian hylomorphism is a philosophical theory that was developed by Aristotle, which analyzes substances into matter and form. Aristotle theory seeks to understand the inherent quality in matter that a substance conceives as forms (Statile, et al. 2006). Aristotle’s hylomorphism theory, therefore, seeks to relate matter and form, soul and body and substantial form, accidental form and prime matter. This theory has given rise to many debates by scholars as according to this theory; it is workable especially in proximate and non proximate matter. According to the definition of matter and form hylomorphism theory, is not workable with regards to body and soul. Matter and form According to Aristotle, the fundamental question is not “Is X matter?” but rather “what is the matter of X?” (Statile, et al. 2006). Aristotle, therefore, defines the matter...
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...masterpieces such as 1984 by George Orwell or Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, it can be stated to be new in Young Adult Literature since House of Stairs by William Sleator in 1974 and The Giver by Lois Lowry in 1993 (article 1 and 5). However, the incredible success of The Hunger Games and Divergent as best sellers on bookshops and movie adaptations on theatres seems undeniable. Especially The Hunger Games has been on the best-seller list of the New York Times for 180 consecutive weeks (article 5) and the opening week of the motion picture adaptation had box office...
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...This paper explores the Social Learning Theory and how prosocial behavior, specifically empathy, is cultured through observation, modeling and imitation. Empathy is defined through a review of Bandura’s Bobo Doll experiment, Jeremy Sloan’s article on developing empathy and the impact it has on animals in our world, and an assessment of empathy in future criminal justice professionals. All provide evidence and data to support the finding that adults have lasting influence on children and how ones behavior is formed. Empathy is a vital trait and it’s a primary requisite for successfully managing daily experiences. Key words: Empathy, Modeling, Social Learning, and Development Introduction The development of empathy allows us the innate ability to relate to another’s experiences, motives and feelings. It is the foundation of compassion and caring, and is monumental in many of life’s challenges and successes. It is what allows us to learn from others and become responsible, caring adults. Many significant professions require empathy: medical care, fire rescue, education, criminal justice, and most importantly parenting. Tragic events such as slavery and the Holocaust illuminate the significance of empathy, it’s part in humankind’s wellbeing, and how requisite it is to encourage healthy development of the trait (Sajo, 2011). It is therefore of utmost importance to understand the nature of empathy development and how negative or abusive life experiences may diminish...
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..."in-depth" how the effects of labeling based on facial attractiveness impacts an individual’s self-esteem, social interaction, self-perception and quality of life. These two sentences need to be revised. Both sentences are incomplete by themselves. The following paper is an examination of the effects that labeling based on facial attractiveness impact an individual’s self esteem, social interaction, self perception, and quality of life. Research has revealed how labeling in a variety of settings; from social encounters in school to the business sector, as well as across the span of adolescence to adulthood, has taken a toll on personal development. This paper also looks at the personal and social ideas of attractiveness, along with the possible consequences of perceived attractiveness on personal and professional outcomes. What is facial attractiveness? Is it a personal opinion or is it a predestined hormonal attribute of the human race? Does attractiveness play a role in our daily lives? And if so does facial attractiveness have a meaning of higher intelligence? One may ask these questions when searching for that long awaited answer to why are people judged by appearance and why does society place such high value on attractiveness. Attractiveness does not make a person intelligent. Outward appearance has no effect of how ones gray matter receives and obtains information. Only the use of the mind by expansion thru education generates intelligence. So why as a society do we...
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...Phase 1 Individual Project Abnormal Psychology and the Workplace PSYC337-1204B-01 Professor Byers Jennifer Buchanan November 26, 2012 Abstract The definition of abnormality has gone through some significant changes through history. For centuries the causes of abnormal behavior has been debated. In ancient times supernatural explanations were offered to explain abnormal behavior, such as good vs. evil and displeasure of the gods. It was also believed that people who expressed behavior were considered to be possessed by an evil spirit. Then, in 460 B.C. Hippocrates, also known as the Father of medicine, proposed a biological explanation to the reasons behind abnormal behavior. He suggested that an imbalance of blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow pile was the cause of mental illness. Along came the Greeks with their diagnosis and treatment for hysteria, and years later in 1896 Sigmund Freud developed his systematic theory of psychodynamics he believed to be the psychological components of hysteria. During the 20th century behaviorism, humanistic/cultural/normative perspectives emerged, drastically changing the way abnormal behavior is viewed. In this paper I will discuss how these perspectives in detail. I will also discuss how the terms normal and abnormal and how these labels can affect the people they are placed on in the workplace and in life in general. Abnormal Psychology Abnormal psychology is a branch of psychology that studies people’s emotional, cognitive...
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...Learning Styles of College Freshmen: Relationship to Classroom Behavior and Academic Performance in Biological Science Myrna Paez-Quinto Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of Master of Arts in Education (Biology Education) In the Division of Curriculum and Instruction College of Education University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City October 2003 ABSTRACT The research examines the relationship of students’ learning styles to classroom behavior and academic performance. It is also identifies which of the following factors – learning styles, sex, academic program and score in the admission test – best predicts academic performance. The study sample consisted of 304-non-science college freshmen enrolled in the following programs: accountancy-81, management-77, mass communication-56, psychology-29, marketing-21, political science-26, and education-14. To determine the student learning styles, the students accomplished the researcher-made Learning style Questionnaire. The questionnaire was validated by faculty members of the Psychology Department of the Far Eastern University. Classroom behavior was observed with the use of the ASEAN Student Rating Scale. The instrument was accomplished by the researcher while observing the students of different learning styles in their classes. An interview was conducted to cross validate the behavior shown by the selected correspondents. Questions...
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