...Introduction Cross Curricular teaching involves a conscious effort to encourage students to apply skills or knowledge acquired through learning at school to more than one subject on their curriculum. A central topic or theme can interlink subjects with each other, and students as a result should be able to learn an aspect of a central topic and apply information learned in one subject to others(Householder & Boulin 1992). As mentioned in Component 1 there are huge advantages to Cross Curricular teaching and learning. However, many students do not or cannot apply the knowledge that they have acquired in one subject to others (www.fromtinyacorns.wordpress.com/2009/10/28/about-transdisciplinary-thematic-learning) Learning beyond subject boundaries provides a student with the opportunity to experience not only learning that is relevant to one subject’s requirements, but also learning information that they will apply to other subjects. This type of learning some students may find to be challenging as they will be studying one topic from many different perspectives. However, with a deeper understanding of a topic, others will find it more interesting and may be encouraged to study the topic even further. Rensick (1989) confirms this stating that in contrast to learning topics in isolation students become more actively engaged in their studies when they participate in cross curricular learning. Cross curricular learning that is based on linking learning experiences and...
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...The Curriculum and approaches to Teaching and Learning A discussion regarding the curriculum, sequencing and deep learning. Most school curricula provide a good curricular menu for our students. Each faculty organises and delivers curricula which meet the legal requirements and prepare students for examinations at the appropriate age related stages. Students in effective schools generally make good progress as can be seen examination results and their places in the league tables. Each faculty has its own house in order and take care of their own curriculum and delivery. It is a well tested formula for success and the accountability, and quality assurance processes ensure each faculty is monitored well and supported. So why change? What is the motivation? What is missing that can be brought in by making changes? The answer lies in what we are trying to achieve and whether things are working well or just ticking over. Curriculum Theory (The following extracts regarding curriculum theory can be found at: http://www.infed.org/biblio/b-curric.htm) The idea of a ‘curriculum’ is hardly new - but the way we understand and theorize it has altered over the years - and there remains considerable dispute as to its purpose, meaning and implementation. In Latin currere means "to run, to gallop" or "to hurry, to hasten, to speed" or"to move, to travel, to proceed". A useful point for us to engage with the purpose and process of curriculum design, might be the definition offered...
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...Biology guide First assessment 2016 Biology guide First assessment 2016 Diploma Programme Biology guide Published February 2014 Published on behalf of the International Baccalaureate Organization, a not-for-profit educational foundation of 15 Route des Morillons, 1218 Le Grand-Saconnex, Geneva, Switzerland by the International Baccalaureate Organization (UK) Ltd Peterson House, Malthouse Avenue, Cardiff Gate Cardiff, Wales CF23 8GL United Kingdom Website: www.ibo.org © International Baccalaureate Organization 2014 The International Baccalaureate Organization (known as the IB) offers four high-quality and challenging educational programmes for a worldwide community of schools, aiming to create a better, more peaceful world. This publication is one of a range of materials produced to support these programmes. The IB may use a variety of sources in its work and checks information to verify accuracy and authenticity, particularly when using community-based knowledge sources such as Wikipedia. The IB respects the principles of intellectual property and makes strenuous efforts to identify and obtain permission before publication from rights holders of all copyright material used. The IB is grateful for permissions received for material used in this publication and will be pleased to correct any errors or omissions at the earliest opportunity. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted...
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...Re-Centering Academic Centers Abstract This paper argues that we have lost the original intent and power of an institutional Center. Theoretically, Centers use centralized resources to support people and projects core to the mission of the institution. Many Centers now are located external to the campus, where isolated directors pursue specialized interests. Thus, Centers, which serve the entire community, become marginalized. This paper provides a model to re-center academic Centers toward their original intent, through collaboration between specialized and generalized centers. The authors also suggest concrete steps to help examine, evaluate and create clear structures and communication for effective use of Centers in Higher Education. Introduction There seems to be an increase in institutional Centers around the world, which can be favorable, although it also has the potential to dilute the power of a centralized location and operation. To address this issue, this paper describes the idea of partnering Centers around a collaborative hub to offer more powerful opportunities in the context of resource utilization. It would appear that many institutions had originally used the word “Center” in association with typical mainstream definitions of center, which include a person, or group, or thing in the middle; to focus or bring together; to have as a main point, or theme. Others may perceive Centers as the ring around a bull’s eye, i.e., a potential target. Regardless, of...
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...reputation for Citizenship education. He is currently working as a coach on the Future Leaders Project, as a School Improvement Partner, and as an education consultant for UBS. He is also a Governor of Goldsmiths College and a trustee of the Stephen Lawrence Trust. Dr Dina Kiwan is a Lecturer in Citizenship Education at Birkbeck College, University of London. Previously she was seconded to the Home Office as the Head of Secretariat to the Advisory Board for Naturalisation and Integration (ABNI), carrying forward the implementation of the recommendations of the former ‘Life in the UK’ Advisory Group chaired by Sir Bernard Crick. Seema Sharma, is an Assistant Headteacher at Deptford Green School in South East London. She has been a teacher for 11 years, including Key Stage 3 Co-ordinator, Head of English, Ethnic Minority Achievement Strategy (EMAS) and Assessment Co-ordinator. Vision In five years, for all...
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...MAINSTREAMING Disaster Risk Reduction IN SCHOOLS’ CURRICULUA (ANALYTICAL INSTRuMENT FOR POLICY ADVOCACY) By, AmjAd NAzeer Indus ConsortIum (IC) (December 2012, IslamabaD, Pakistan) 0 “Things like DRR need to be there in the textbooks. Aspired to interpret, we ourselves will learn further and teach children better. Children will in turn explain things to their younger brothers and sisters, even to their parents and to those who cannot read or write. The new learning has a capacity to inform, who should do what during, before or after a disaster.” Ali Akbar, A primary school teacher in Chack Tumb Bhel, U.C Khoski, Badin. “Disaster Reduction Begins at School” (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, 2006-8) 1 CONTENTS 1. Introduction……………………………………………………………………..……3 2. Growing Frequency of Natural Disasters: A Major Concern……..….…………7 3. Relevant UN Conventions and Other International Commitments….…………7 4. Impact of Natural Disasters on Children and Schools.……………………….....9 5. Education and Psychosocial Impact on Children………………………………10 6. Connecting Education, Safe Schooling and DRR……………………………...10 7. Significance of Mainstreaming DRR in Curriculum and Children’s Potential Role....…………………………………...……………………………………….…12 8. Approaches to Integrate DRR with Sindh and Punjab’s Textbooks….…..…..14 8.1. Infusion or Permeation Approach…………….…………………………………16 8.1.1. Holistic Review of Sindhi, Urdu And English Textbooks….……………..…17 8.1.1.1. Sindhi and Asaan...
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...Sir Harry Smith Community College, Whittlesey, Cambridgeshire, UK. Abstract Describes the Promoting Health in Secondary Schools project, which was commissioned by the Health Education Authority in January 1994. The aim of the project was to support regional and local education and health professionals and colleagues in secondary schools in their efforts to develop effective whole-school approaches to health at the levels of both policy and practice. The work was coordinated by the Institute of Education and Goldsmith’s College, University of London. Gives, as an example of what can be achieved, a range of future projects identified by one of the secondary schools involved. Concludes that the project was able to stimulate healthy alliances, create opportunities for sharing effective practice and influence local funding priorities. Evaluation showed that health issues, if developed in a whole-school context, can articulate closely with wider school and community concerns about making school more effective and increasing school achievement. Regrets that the project was not extended beyond the stage described. The Health Education Authority commissioned the Promoting Health in Secondary Schools project in January 1994. The project, which ran until 1995, aimed to support regional and local education and health professionals and colleagues in secondary schools in their efforts to develop effective wholeschool approaches to health at the levels of both policy and practice. The Institute...
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...The Changing Mathematics Curriculum: An Annotated Bibliography Third Edition April 2005 1 2 The K–12 Mathematics Curriculum Center The K–12 Mathematics Curriculum Center (K–12 MCC) supports school districts as they build effective mathematics education programs using curricula that align with the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics’ (NCTM) Curriculum and Evaluation Standards for School Mathematics (1989) and Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (2000). The K–12 MCC offers a variety of products and services to assist mathematics teachers and administrators. Our seminars address selecting and implementing new curricula, designing professional development and support, aligning curriculum with assessment, and examining leadership in curricular change. Our other resources include: About This Publication This publication, an annotated bibliography of articles relevant to Standards-based mathematics curriculum reform, is intended as a resource for educators and communities considering the selection and implementation of a Standards-based mathematics curriculum. It also may assist individuals who are interested in learning about the student achievement, classroom practices, and implementation challenges associated with the use of Standards-based materials. When gathering resources for this publication, the K–12 Mathematics Curriculum Center staff reviewed articles that either addressed important issues in mathematics curriculum change or shared experiences...
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...DEVELOPING AN INCLUSIVE CURRICULUM: “EVERY TEACHER MATTERS” Keith A. Humphreys Centre for Advancement in Special Education University of Hong Kong The development of inclusive education practices have led to worldwide discussion of how best to deliver a more equal education opportunity for all. In Hong Kong this has led to the development of the concept of an inclusive curriculum for special schools. This paper looks at the implications of writing an inclusive curriculum that has common curriculum content for all pupils that is based on the State curriculum. Over a four year period, nine special schools for pupils of different designated disability collectively pooled their resources to work for one common curriculum goal. In doing so they discovered that the biggest challenge was to the teacher’s hearts and minds. Over 130 teachers were involved in the project. It required a significant paradigm shift in the way the teachers thought both about what they taught and how they taught. It required a common team effort within and across each school. It was apparent that providing equal opportunity to raise standards of education for the all the pupils required the recognition that every teacher had to change their way of thinking, every teacher matters. Introduction Four years ago, nine special schools embarked on a development program to work out an inclusive curriculum. When they met the schools were all designated with different disability responsibilities...
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...Stanford Educational Leadership Institute Commissioned by The Wallace Foundation SELI Stanford University School of Education 520 Galvez Mall Stanford, CA 94305-3084 Phone: 650.724.7384 Fax: 650.723.9931 Email: principalstudy@stanford.edu http://seli.stanford.edu This report was commissioned by The Wallace Foundation and produced by the Stanford Educational Leadership Institute in conjunction with The Finance Project. © 2005 Stanford Educational Leadership Institute (SELI). All rights reserved. Principals play a vital role in setting the direction for successful schools, but existing knowledge on the best ways to prepare and develop highly qualified candidates is sparse. What are the essential elements of good leadership? How are successful leadership development programs designed? What program structures provide the best learning environments? What governing and financial policies are needed to sustain good programming? “School Leadership Study: Developing Successful Principals” is a major research effort that seeks to answer these questions. Commissioned by The Wallace Foundation and undertaken by the Stanford Educational Leadership Institute in conjunction with The Finance Project, the study will examine eight highly developed pre- and inservice program models that address key issues in developing strong leaders. Once effective processes have been identified they can be replicated, ensuring that more and more schools become vibrant learning communities under...
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...pedagogies, curriculum and strategies used in represented grade levels and content areas by the education professionals that drive our education system. Recent research has considered the idea that culturally responsive or culturally pedagogical teaching may be the answer to closing the achievement gap created by the absence of cultural awareness. The concept of cultural awareness may be simply defined as an understanding and awareness of the diversity in the classroom (Villegas & Lucas, 2002); however, such a simplistic definition does not recognize the many dimensions involved in the pedagogy of culturally responsive teaching, which for students includes seeing germane links between subject matter and lessons and their experiences outside the context of the classroom and how those links influence what and how they learn. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the many facets that make up the term Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) and the impact and implications implementing such a broad concept may have on the education system. While the literature discusses several topics connected to CRT, I will confine this review to the following: (1) CRT Background/Definition (2) The methods of study, the participants involved and the significance of the outcomes (3) and finally No Child Left Behind (NCLB) and mandated curriculum vs. the use of CRT based curriculum. I located the material for my review using databases made available by the University of Texas at El...
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...Teaching and Teacher Education 36 (2013) 77e91 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Teaching and Teacher Education journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/tate Grammar matters: How teachers’ grammatical knowledge impacts on the teaching of writing Debra Myhill a, b, *, Susan Jones a, Annabel Watson a a b University of Exeter, UK University of Wollongong, Australia h i g h l i g h t s Teachers’ grammatical knowledge influences what students learn about writing. Limitations in teachers’ grammatical content knowledge can generate student misconceptions. Teachers’ ‘applied’ knowledge is more significant than declarative knowledge. a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t Article history: Received 27 June 2012 Received in revised form 17 July 2013 Accepted 19 July 2013 Teaching grammar has been mandated in statutory curriculum documents in England since 1988. Yet despite this, research evidence continues to suggest that metalinguistic knowledge is an area of challenge for many teachers. Drawing on data from a larger study, this paper considers the role of teachers’ grammatical knowledge, both content and pedagogical content knowledge, in mediating learning about writing in the classroom. It also illustrates how students’ learning about writing is influenced by teachers’ metalinguistic knowledge. The study highlights that grammatical pedagogical content knowledge is more significant than grammatical content knowledge in supporting meaningful...
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...Teachers as Curriculum Leaders Introduction: For the purpose of this assignment, the syllabus under consideration is the mathematics syllabus and the outcome that is to be discussed shall be the level 3 outcome for topic N 3.2. This outcome shall take in consideration the students’ ability to add and subtract numbers that are either whole or in fraction. This is related to a problem solving scenario where the students are not just given the numbers to work on but they are given a word problem that they would have to interpret and then solve in order to understand how the rules of addition and subtraction would work in the real life situations. This paper shall take a look at this outcome in terms of the various conceptions of the curriculum that Eisner and Vallance have laid out in their paper entitled “Five Conceptions of Curriculum: Their Roots and Implications for Curriculum Planning.” Keeping this in mind, it is vital for us to understand that even though it is the children that present us with the outcome of a curriculum, it is the teachers’ job to lead them to it. It is thus very important for the teachers to be professional and that they undergo specific professional development programs. Conceptions of Curriculum 1. The cognitive process approach to curriculum: a. Pedagogy In this regard, the teachers would need to focus on ‘how’ to teach the students instead of what they are teaching. With respect to our outcome, it is imperative that the teacher teaches...
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...nearly every aspect of our lives - from working to socialising, learning to playing. The digital age has transformed the way young people communicate, network, seek help, access information and learn. We must recognise that young people are now an online population and access is through a variety of means such as computers, TV and mobile phones. The developments in the use of the electronic media have influenced all walks of life. Education is no exception to this. The use of computers and the internet for enhancing the quality of education by making learning more relevant to life has been seen as an ideal by educational institutions. The citizens of tomorrow who are our students now are going to live in the age of the electronic media. How are we preparing them for the same? Are we giving them technology based Education? Are we giving them exposure to the use of computers and the itnernet? Have we integrated the ICT into classroom processes? What are the efforts made by the department in this direction? What does policy say about ICT in Education? There are several such questions which we need to probe into. An understanding of these issues will enable us to use the ICT more meaningfully in Education. Information and Communication Technologies have recently gained groundswell of interest. It is a significant research area for many scholars around the globe. Their nature has highly changed the face of education over the last few decades. For most European countries, the...
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...THE EFFECT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT A Thesis by Jennifer Barry Bachelor of Arts, Wichita State University, 2005 Submitted to the Department of Sociology And the faculty of the Graduate School of Wichita State University in partial fulfillment of The requirements for the degree of Master of Arts December 2006 THE EFFECT OF SOCIOECONOMIC STATUS ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT I have examined the final copy of this thesis for form and content, and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts with a major in Sociology. ___________________________________ Dr. David Wright, Committee Chair We have read this thesis and recommend its acceptance. ___________________________________ Dr. Kathleen Perez, Committee Member ___________________________________ Dr. Brien Bolin, Committee Member ii ABSTRACT This study addresses the increasing importance of student test scores by examining the different factors that influence test scores. Composite test scores of tenth grade students from the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 are examined using a four-part model which includes student role performance, school, family, and peer factors. Ordinary Least Squares analysis indicates that the strongest predictor of student test scores is socioeconomic status, resulting in a statistically significant increase in the standardized coefficient of .224 points. These results support...
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