...article “Discrimination Affects Global Poverty” is that discrimination and poverty can be directly attributed to each other. When a minority group is given no rights at all and is served inequality, that limits them to certain occupations and education. More specifically, she argues that government plays a part with this discrimination by targeting certain groups and stripping them of basic rights and necessities. She writes, “ discrimination hinders one’s ability to partake in government policies.” In this passage, Nada is suggesting that “discrimination can be a result of poverty and also an obstacle for ending global poverty.” In conclusion, Nada’s belief is that inequalities due to...
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...Costanza and Ronald Helms. "Street Gangs and Aggregate Homicides: An Analysis of Effects During the 1990s Violent Crime Peak" Homicide Studies 16(3): 280-307. June 11, 2012. Online. June 12, 2013. City-level violence escalated and peaked during the 1990’s, which possibly caused a similarly high homicide rate. Many studies have linked gang activity with higher rates of violent crimes. This study uses empirical research to link gang violence with homicide rates. A majority of studies only looked at the micro level of gang attribute violence and homicide correlation. Costanza focused on the macro level using 154 U.S. cities to determine if active gangs directly correlated with homicide rates. Criminologist in the 1990’s paid special attention to the structural factors contributing to the all-time peak of violence in the young men demographic. Researchers have remained focused on the patterns of homicide within the context of the violence peak in the 90’s. Costanza chose to “focus explicitly on the plausible empirical link between street gangs and homicide offending in central cities throughout the Unites States”. The factors that lead to an increase in homicide include the drug market, guns, and gang presence. Recent studies have shown that it is a combination of factors, as opposed to just financial opportunity, that lead to gang membership. The reason for the lack of macro level studies of gang violence has been due to the lack of gang related studies. Maxson in 1992, published...
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...small town. Longview may seem beautiful from the outside in, but there is a continuous problem with gang influences. This would be something you expect from bigger cities such as, Houston or Dallas. I was once held at gunpoint, to this day my mother does not know about it. There are plenty of young people who live here who are terrified to talk about their personal experiences with gang members. In Longview, gang intimidation starts with younger children, but will Longview ever address the conflict? The answer to this question is no! Longview's top priorities are mainly on education and employment. It is never primarily focused on children or gangs. Gang members constantly try and increase the amount of members within the gang, but it becomes a dangerous act towards community. According to the Violence Prevention Institute, the process of gang recruitment is...
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...with the video for social structure theory when covering the following topics. I will introduce how the video supports a social structure theory, the primary subject and content, major principles of the sociology theory addressed and social issues discussed. I am going to discuss, in the last part of this paper, what are some possible consequences for a social policy change. The video that I have chosen to do this paper on will be the “Pelican Bay State Prison: War Zone” to best fit with my beliefs of social structure theory simply the top reason for criminality evolving. In the video that I have viewed, “Pelican Bay State Prison: War Zone,” there was a great deal of information in it that supported crime evolving from a social structure theory. The prisoners in Pelican Bay State Prison set a goal to get into this prison because it is more like a reward than a punishment. The motive for the a reward of these prisoners is that only the meanest most violent prisoners who are gang leaders out of prison. These gang leaders still run the gangs, although they are in prison and are fearless. These gang leaders come from the only family that they have ever known and would give their lives for the gang. Most prisoners, gang leaders are educated only in the streets and nowhere else. In the video it speaks of how Pelican Bay State Prison is known for the thousands upon thousands of gang leaders who set a goal to end there for more recognition. The prisoners who end in Pelican Bay...
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...Accuracy of Braveheart The mass media plays a large role in modern society. Indeed, many have argued that people spend more time in “mass-mediated” interaction than in actual human interaction. The mass media, then, would seemingly be an excellent position to initiate social change, positively affect social problems, and help combat social ills that are considered normal patterns of behavior. Yet, the mass media has largely failed in addressing and helping to solve social problems. As seen through its presentation of the three major variables of race, class, and gender, the mass media has actually served to contribute to the social problems it covers, reinforcing them, and creating an inter-related cycle in which these problems continue. TV has become perhaps the primary vehicle that society receives its information and presents its values and expectations. One of the most important roles television plays is its presentation of news and information. What a station chooses to present as newsworthy can play a strong role in how people view their society and the world around them. Often, television news sources have followed a philosophy of “if it bleeds, it leads”, focusing on violence in urban environments. This violence occurs more frequently in black neighborhoods, resulting in what amounts to essentially as a steady, nightly stream of reports on violence in the inner-city by and among African-Americans. In this way, the television media plays a strong...
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...robbery, manslaughter, or racketeering, just to name a few. For example the movie “Public Enemies” starring Johnny Depp, it portrays a rough outline of the infamous John Dillinger and his gang. When I first saw this movie I was amazed because the story that they showed wasn't at all what I expected, I expected to see all major crimes take place one after another and grueling shootouts the whole movie but they showed his kind and calm side and it actually turned out to be a great movie. Another example of crime and the movies but on the other side of the law would be any of the “X-Men” series. These people may be mutants but most of them use their gifts for good rather than break the law. A classic example would be “Robin Hood”, he broke the law only to help those in need. (rottentomatoes.com) There are other examples where crime and the movies coexist on both sides of the law, whether it would be cheering for the good guy or cringing when a killer kills their victim, movies cannot show you the whole story and cannot show you the real justice system. During my research I came across this essay called “Does Movie Violence Increase Violent Crime?” (Dahl & DellaVigna, 2006) an excerpt from the essay caught my attention because I believe it is true. That excerpt says: “Warnings about media violence are largely based on the psychological research. As Anderson and Buschman (2001) summarize it, “Five decades of research into the effects of exposure to violent television and movies...
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...as there has been crime and criminals, there have been theories to explain crime and why people commit them, as well as ideas about how to prevent them. Many different methods have been developed to deter crime, such as the death penalty, the “three strike” rule, and lengthy prison sentences. However, although it seems that the number of methods developed to deter crime is bountiful, far fewer of these programs focus on how to help the victims of those crimes. This proposal will offer different ways of preventing and deterring crime and also suggest ideas to ensure that crime victims are assisted in an effective manner. Assisting Victims When considering the assistance that is currently being provided to victims of crime, current programs in place for financial, emotional, and physical assistance are functional. These programs could use a little tweaking to better serve the victims. There are programs in place to help victims financially. These programs include the Crime Victim Compensation Program and the Married Family Domestic Violence Fund. It is recommended that increased monetary financing for these programs be provided so that they may be expanded to help more victims who are in need of financial assistance but may not meet the current criteria or qualify for the current programs. Financial Assistance The Married Family Domestic Violence Fund that is currently available could benefit from additional changes. This program currently provides for married people and those...
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...decorating your body. When a person thinks of a gang they think of a group of thugs with weapons and bad intentions, they do not picture poor children scared for their lives. Children in poor areas have grown up in gang violence, a child’s upbringing creates them into the person that they are. Author Anne O. Beatty shines light on the situation of gang violence by describing her personal experience when teaching in poor school in South Central LA. Beatty uses ethos, pathos, and logos to describe her experiences in a way that...
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...organization, even more if you do not have a relevant public image or media from local, national and international media are used to disseminate their actions. Public relations help build communication channels or improve existing ones with different social actors to become better known socially. In addition to promoting the development of partnerships between peers and other sectors of the community, able to build a good reputation and image of the organization, designing efficient strategies for fundraising, etc. With the lecture review we have an understanding what tools are necessary to achieve their goal and providing non-profit specifics strategies to appeal their target audience. The decade of the 90's, led to profound changes in how public relations is practiced on nonprofit organizations: The concepts of marketing and management by objectives have become an integral part of the communications strategy. As technology has increased the possibility of selection and range of communications, social networks are an important part in the announcements and reaching out the audience. “Many still suffer from the reputation of the ‘90s when...
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...Why Do Urban Youth Join gangs? There is no universal agreed upon definition of a gang. According to the national institute of justice the federal definition is “An association of three or more individuals whose members collectively identify themselves by adopting a group identity, which they use to create an atmosphere of fear or intimidation, frequently by employing one or more of the following: a common name, slogan, identifying sign, symbol, tattoo or other physical marking, style or color of clothing, hairstyle, hand sign or graffiti.” The purpose of a gang is to engage in criminal activity and which uses violence or intimidation to further its criminal objectives. Gangs come in all different types, there are multiple types of gangs; for example motorcycle gangs, prison gangs, hate groups, adult organized crime groups, terrorist organizations and other types of security threat groups. The reasons people tend to join gangs are lack of jobs, poverty, domestic violence, and lack of education. The most common age for youth to join a gang is between 13 and 15. Youth join gangs for various reasons; money, sense of support and belonging, peer status, and a sense of protection are seemingly provided by the gang. Youth in gangs are more likely to abuse drugs, engage in high risk sexual behaviors, and experience long term health and social consequences. The reason that today’s youth join gangs is because of environmental factors, early academic failure and lack of school attachment...
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...Chapter I The Problem and Its Scope Rationale Juvenile Crime or Juvenile Delinquency is one of the most serious problems our country is facing these days. Although crime rates differ from region to region in the Philippines, juvenile delinquency remains a very broad issue which affects day to day living in our society. It is disturbing to see a 14yr old boy runs across a busy highway with hi-speed trucks and play “patintero” on them just to get away with a newly snatched bag. And multitude of researches found many factors pushing kids to do crimes such like this. With recent disturbances like war and natural disaster struck Zamboanga City, it is just timely to assess similar situation especially on a depressed placed like Barangay Sta. Catalina which was directly affected by the 2013 Zamboanga Siege. According to Villanueva (2006), juvenile delinquency refers to an anti-social act or a child/minor/youth’s behavior which deviates from the normal pattern of rules and regulations, custom and culture which the society does not accept. Bocar (2012) mentioned that the prevention of juvenile delinquency is an essential part of crime prevention in society. Guevara and Bautista (2008) quoted that, “an ounce of prevention is better than a pound of cure”, this clearly manifests the importance of misbehavior deterrence among the youth. Theoretical Framework Numerous theories tried to explain many factors causing juvenile crimes or juvenile delinquency. One of which is Robert...
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...Discuss Institutional Aggression (24 marks) The deprivation model suggests that the subculture of prison originated within the walls of the constitution. Thus, it is the deprivations that the inmates faced and attempted to cope with that were so extreme that healthy relationships could not be formed with members of the community outside the walls. Gresham Sykes suggested five particular deprivations responsible for inmate aggression, one of which is the Deprivation of Liberty. Deprivation of liberty is when by being imprisoned behind walls, the felon feels as though society no longer consider him to be a person that can live in a respected and trusted manner in the free world. The nature of the institution conveys this loss through symbols such as uniform, and the loss of liberty is further implied by the prisoner having to obtain permission for simple tasks such as eating, sleeping or showering etc. Another deprivation Sykes suggested is the Deprivation of Goods and Services. Prisons confine offenders in poverty-like conditions perceived by the inmates from disadvantaged backgrounds as being worse than the conditions they came from (ie. Lack of home cooked food and cigarettes of preference.) Some inmates felt as though the prison system allows poverty conditions in order to economically regulate and control the inmates, and despite some majority of them accepting responsibility for their conditions, the deprivation of goods and services still brought a sense of failure to the...
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...of slum gangs outside of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil during the 1960’s and 1970’s. The movie is told from the viewpoint of Rocket, a poor fishmonger’s son, who longs to become a photographer one day and leave the violent and corrupt area. The film opens with Rocket standing in the street between the police and a gang. The movie then flashes back 10 years to tell the story of how he got there. Three hoods called “The Tender Trio” rob local businesses in a Robin Hood-type fashion, giving some of the loot to citizens of the City of God. One boy named Li’l Dice suggests they rob a local motel and all of its guests. He serves as lookout and ends up firing a phony warning shot, sending the rest of them fleeing while he goes in and slaughters the staff and occupants with a gun. The police’s presence quiets them down and all but one of the Tender Trio meets their death. The movie then fast forwards a number of years to show that Li’l Dice is now named Li’l Ze and he and his friend Benny run the drug empire in town by eliminating all but one drug dealer named Carrot. Li’l Ze is infatuated with killing and believes it is the simplest way to end his problems and take control. Benny decides to leave the gang life and move to a farm with his girlfriend and is shot and killed at his going away party by someone aiming for Li’l Ze. With Benny gone, nothing is stopping Li’l Ze from taking out the last remaining dealer, Carrot. A war breaks out between the Li’l Ze’s gang and Carrot’s gang. To gain...
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...In today’s society, people mostly hear about youth violence and how it is everywhere you look. Youth violence can be described as a disrespectful behavior that starts at a young age and can go onto adulthood. In the website, World Health Organization, it stated that youth violence is a global problem happening between the age of “10-24”. Youth violence can be known as bullying, assault, any physical harm, or even robbery. Does it affect the people around you, but also does youth violence affects the economy, are the families living in the wrong neighborhood, or that the family has some challenge in life. In the article, Economics and Youth Violence: Crime, Disadvantage, and Community, it states that the young people affect the community. They increase the deaths, injuries, and destroyed property. The violence usually comes from minor low-income families or children that are roaming around the streets that are setting bad examples and they are picking...
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...causes school violence Censoring the internet violates free speech Charter schools should receive tax support Children's Internet Protection Act is unconstitutional College athletes and professional sports recruitment Companion animals enhance the lives of disabled individuals Digital Millennium Copyright Act protects intellectual property on the net Eating disorders are a widespread problem Faith based initiatives should be funded by the government Gender equity in sports is essential for female athletic programs to succeed Genetically altered food should have warning labels Good Samaritan laws are necessary to protect citizens Internet 2 (Internet product enhancements) Juvenile boot camps are safe and effective Juvenile criminals should be treated as adults Libraries should not regulate internet access Mandatory sentencing is unfair and should be abolished Parental violence in youth sports should be controlled Prayer in the public schools should be encouraged Prescription drugs cost too much Recycling sewage sludge into compost is a health hazard Student athletes should be tested for drugs Suburban sprawl threatens America's wildlife Television violence causes societal violence Therapeutic use of pets can help elderly patients Tobacco advertising should be regulated V-chip will not protect children from television violence Vaccines are safe and effective Violence in mass media increases negative behavior in children Violence in motion pictures...
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