...Running Head: Mass Media in Elections Mass Media’s Affect on Voting Trends Arthur Gibford California State University California In today’s world, the news media reaches and affects every person in the United States. The question now is does mass media such as newspapers, television, and the internet affect the voting trends of the voters? The ownership of the media (Djankov, Nenova, McLiesh, & Shleifer, 2003), targeting specific demographics (Clinton & Lapinski, 2004), the implications of the internet (DiMaggio, Hargittai, Neuman, & Robinson, 2003) and how candidates use media (Aarts & Semetko, 2003) are all important aspects in determining whether a potential bias exists (Eveland & Shah, 2003) on the part of the news media. It is hypothesized that when the mass media displays certain biases leaning towards one party over the other, the populace tends to vote in the direction of the media. The following five scholarly literature reviews will attempt to demonstrate and support the hypothesis. According to Eveland and Shah (Eveland & Shah, 2003, p. 101)there is “a large percentage of the public (that) believes that the news media are biased, and the majority of these individuals consider the direction of bias to be against their own viewpoint”. This drives the question this paper attempts to answer. This article looks at media’s credibility and integrity in the eyes of individual people. The author’s give several hypothesis to provide multiple...
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...information technologies among populations and demographics. This paper is a literature review of peer reviewed and scholarly articles that seek t bring the issue into perspective. The paper discusses the apparent existence of the digital divide, as well as the methods and strategies implemented to curb the divide. Schools and communities are utilizing technologies, but the gap of access and acquisition is brought in by factors such as low incomes. There is also the generational gap since the old people may not know about the technologies, or they may acquire but lack necessary skills to use them. A gap exists also among the different layers of acquisition of technology, ability to manipulate information, and consumption of information as is apparent with mobile phones. It is therefore essential to have mechanisms that narrow the digital divide by enabling internet access to all areas, and use of technologies equally n communities and in schools for all groups. The literature asserts that it may be difficult to close the gap completely, but it is possible to narrow the gap and benefit many minorities. Introduction In essence, one of the problems occurring in America recently is the digital divide apparent among populations, which is typically caused by the lack of access to critical technologies. As much as politicians and leaders are working tirelessly to close the gap, citizens are finding themselves facing the everyday struggle of how to work...
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...interest in how various cultural traits may or may not determine a way a country conducts business in the global community. My research will include analysis of various dimensions of culture to include: communication, religion, ethics, values and attitudes, manners, customs, structures and organizations within Japan’s culture, and education. The analysis should reveal how the elements and dimensions of culture influence businesses conducted with locals of the region; how do the elements and dimensions as well as the local business interaction compare to the United States’ culture and local businesses; and, implications for United States’ businesses who wish to conduct business in Japan. Although the fore mentioned are the basis of the cultural analysis, I hope to unfold how past/ current political constraints limits Japan’s maturity within the global community, for example, the limitations imposed by the signing of Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security. Over fifty years ago, Japan and the United States signed the “Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security,” to assist in the containment of Communism that was overtaking the Asian community. The cooperation between the two countries is still strong, and with Japan being the third largest economy, how does this treaty limit its ability to engage more with the outside world; furthermore, what impact does this treaty have on Japan’s participation in today’s global economy. Communication through advanced technology has given...
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...thought to read a particular newspaper. Decline in newspaper circulation and readership does not mean newspaper readership is aging. In fact, declining newspaper circulation and readership is happening at the same time with aging newspaper readership. Looking at the macro vision of aging newspaper readership, general social factors suggest that aging population and new way of newspaper reading by young people (i.e. reading online newspaper articles, reading free newspapers). In micro term, cohort effect, new reading style of non print news articles and cost of newspaper are three of the reasons why newspaper readership is aging. Aging of newspaper readership has impacts on societies and which aging readership has relationship to voter participation. Long-term Cohort effect and newspaper readership Cohort define people according to their birth of year (i.e. 1980-1989, 1990–1999). Cohorts are affected by age and the period of time that the groups grow. These make different cohorts have their only characteristics, and this is called as cohort effects. Cohort effect is further declining and aging newspaper readership. According to the characteristics of young cohorts, their readership level is lower than other older cohort groups.[8] Newspaper market does not target only the older cohort, young cohorts are also the targeted consumers of newspapers.[8] Comparing older cohorts to the younger, the way how the young cohort groups socialized is different, there is a negative cohort effect...
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...SIMILARITIES BETWEEN SWOT AND PEST ANALYSIS SWOT and PEST analyses are similar both focus on environmental factors that may affect a company. Both types of analysis use group brainstorming to identifying environmental factors. However, there are several important differences between the analysis frameworks that must be understood before either can be used effectively. PURPOSE Both SWOT and PEST have become components of a good business plan and are key in evaluating environmental factors. In order to understand how these analysis frameworks are similar, it is important to fully understand each framework individually. FEATURES OF SWOT SWOT analysis is a simple framework for evaluating the internal and external environments affecting a company. These environmental factors can be divided into four categories, from which SWOT analysis derives its name. The categories are: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Strengths and weaknesses represent the internal environment, whereas opportunities and threats represent the external environment. FEATURES OF PEST PEST is a type of analysis used in strategic management that takes into account Political, Economic, Social and Technological factors. PEST analysis is a useful tool for understanding market demand/decline, current business position and potential opportunities/obstacles. The factors it analyzes should not be solely at the company level. Rather, these external factors must be examined at a company,...
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...specific reason why Millennials have the lowest voting turning out rate than any other generation in history has been a question political analyst have been trying to determine for years. Millennials between 18 and 29 years old are approximately 550 million, yet they fail to out number the older generations during elections (Matta and Martin 1). Now, for the upcoming 2016 Presidential Election, it will be the first time the Millennial eligibility voting population will equal that of Baby Boomers. Investigating the reason for the absence of Millennials at the voting polls during the last decade of elections is important because if organized they are capable of having a major influence in shaping the government. When investigating...
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...dimensions of task and relationship behavior.</para></question></general-problem> <general-problem maxpoints="1"><question label="2."><inst> 2. </inst><para>What are the strategic forces that affect strategic leadership in organizations? * Environment * Technology * Strategy * Culture * Structure * Leadership </ins3. What are the factors that determine the use of participation and what are the potential benefits and disadvantages of participation? Criteria for Use of Participation * When the task is complex and quality is important * When follower commitment is needed * When there is time * When the leader and follower are ready * When the leader and followers can easily interact Benefits of Participation * Development of followers * Better decision on complex tasks * Increase in follower motivation and commitment * Opportunity to empower followers Disadvantages of participation * Participative Management Basics * Security Risks * Union Objections * Traditional Management Authority <general-problem maxpoints="1"><question label="2."><inst> 4. </inst><para>How does culture affect an organization’s ability to implement...
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...| [pic] |Course Syllabus | | |College of Natural Sciences | | |ENV/100 Version 2 | | |Principles of Environmental Science | Copyright © 2011, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course will provide students with the scientific principles, concepts, and methodologies that are required to identify and analyze risks associated with environmental problems, and examine alternative solutions for resolving or preventing these problems. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. • Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you...
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...Political Knowledge: Voter Information and the Democratic Citizen Many Americans proudly assert that the “American Experiment” has been a success. The optimistic and patriotic American will point to the “stability” and strength of the country's democratic institutions upheld by the United States Constitution as proof that the democratic notions and principles that were envisioned by the Founding Fathers continue to flourish to this day. A pessimistic individual on the other hand may easily point out that the current political climate exemplifies the decline of civic responsibility, and ultimately, the decline of democratic rule. In Washington, politicians are split along partisan lines, battling one another on decisive and controversial issues such as raising the debt limit, balancing the budget, and health care reform. While politicians carefully calculate the potential consequences of their decisions, the same battles are being waged ferociously on other fronts by the media and other self-interested groups. Ultimately, the results of these policy decisions depend on which party could convince the American public of what is in their best collective interest. This is precisely the nature of politics and democracy, and neither one is always fair. In a world where interest groups and lobbies have tremendous sway and influence over those in power, and when media reporting of the issues lacks fairness and accuracy, it should be the citizen's duty and responsibility to ensure that...
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...need to support two-way communication systems that enable dialogue and that allow communities to speak out, express their aspirations and concerns and participate in the decisions that relate to their development.” The main objective of the round table, within the framework of A/RES/51/172, is to ensure understanding among the UN agencies regarding the implementation of programmes and projects that contribute to communication for development or use that specific approach to resolve development related issues. Under this overall objective, each round table develops its agenda and specific objectives with due consideration to current trends and practices including the influence of the rapidly evolving new information and communication technologies on communication for development. The objectives of the 10th round table are...
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... |Course Syllabus | | |College of Humanities | | |HIS/301 Version 6 | | |U.S. Constitution | Copyright © 2012, 2010, 2008, 2006, 2005, 2004, 2003, 2002, 2000, 1997, 1994 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description This course is an introduction to the historical, political, philosophical, and economic roots of the U.S. Constitution. It first reviews the philosophical arguments of the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, those that supported and opposed ratification of the Constitution. The course then examines milestone Supreme Court decisions and the Court’s evolving interpretations of the Constitution. This course focuses on the first ten amendments of the Constitution, known as the Bill of Rights, and the issues of slavery and civil rights as seen through major court decisions. Policies Faculty and students/learners will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: • University policies: You must be logged into the student website...
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...one Serial No. | Name | ID Number | 01 | Md.DelowerHossain | 11132601 | 02 | MahimaAkter | 11132602 | 03 | PankazePadaBhoumik | 11132603 | 04 | MahmudulHasan | 11132604 | 05 | SadiqurSattarAkand | 11132605 | Globalization and its impact on women rights and empowerment INTRODUCTION In the 21st century, globalization has become the ‘Zeitgeist’ re-shaping different dimensions in life. Globalization also affects women’s rights and its overall impact on women has become a critical agenda in gender-related studies. In an attempt to empirically investigate this argument, much of the literature focuses on the effects of economic integration on women’s economic activities. These studies look into the impact of globalization on women through an angle of traditional trade theory, comparative advantage and competition, thus analyzing whether economic integration could create more employment opportunities for women and increase their wages. This focus on economic integration and women’s employment raises the question of how certain types of economic reform affect particular forms of women’s rights and welfare. It is not surprising to observe very different outcomes across countries, depending on their economic and industrial structures. In other words, this approach focusing on economic globalization and female employment can provide the answer to the question regarding whether certain economic reform could create an economic structure favoring characteristics of labor typically...
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...in Early Childhood Education Through the Use of Technology A thesis submitted by Marilyn McNair to Full Sail University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in Education Technology and Media Design December 23, 2008 Abstract This research paper was designed to give insight into the importance of parental involvement in early childhood education, and why there is a need to increase parental involvement. It examines the elements of parental involvement, and its effects on achievement and social development in children. It reviews traditional methods of parental involvement, and considers the need for change. It also highlights how technology can be implemented to increase parental participation, and student achievement and social development. Table of Contents Abstract 2 Improving Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education 4 Educational Significance 10 Definition of Terms 11 Literature Review 12 Current/Past Solutions to the Problem in Practice 15 Proposed Solutions to the Problem 16 Integration of Proposed Solutions with Current/Past Solutions 17 Conclusion 18 Suggestions for Further Research 19 References 20 Improving Parental Involvement in Early Childhood Education Through the Use of Technology A growing number of studies confirm positive associations...
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...Syllabus HUM/186 Version 4 1 Syllabus College of Humanities HUM/186 Version 4 Media Influences on American Culture Copyright © 2013, 2012, 2011, 2009 by University of Phoenix. All rights reserved. Course Description The course provides an introduction to the most prominent forms of media that influence and impact social, business, political, and popular culture in contemporary America. It explores the unique aspects of each medium as well as interactions across various media that combine to create rich environments for information sharing, entertainment, business, and social interaction in the United States and around the world. Policies Faculty and students will be held responsible for understanding and adhering to all policies contained within the following two documents: University policies: You must be logged into the student website to view this document. Instructor policies: This document is posted in the Course Materials forum. University policies are subject to change. Be sure to read the policies at the beginning of each class. Policies may be slightly different depending on the modality in which you attend class. If you have recently changed modalities, read the policies governing your current class modality. Course Materials Lule, J. (2012). Exploring media and culture. Irvington, NY: Flat World Knowledge, Inc. All electronic materials are available on the student website. Week One: The Formative Influence of Mass Media on American Culture Details ...
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...Government and Politics 04) Explain the term referendum used in the extract (5 marks) A referendum is a general vote by the electorate on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision. They may be used to raise issues for discussion rather than to decide or confirm policy questions. In relation to the extract, Walsi is being accused of not having the knowledge base of understanding of actual independence. Walsi was being accountable for shortfall in any economic growth expected and being able to financially match the living needs of people, the needs of all generations - from health / population growth. 05) Using your own knowledge, as well as the extract, consider the circumstances in which the UK government might choose to call a referendum (10 marks) Only one nationwide referendum had taken place in the UK before the alternative referendum. This occurred in 1975 when Harold Wilson (the British Prime minister at the time) asked ‘Do you think the UK should stay in the EU?’ In answer to his question, 67% of the voters answered ‘yes’ so therefore the UK is still part of the EU today. Not only one referendum has happened, several referendums have also been held in particular regions of the UK such as Scotland and Wales. In 1997, voters in Scotland were asked whether they wanted a Scottish Parliament while voters in Wales were asked whether they wanted a Welsh Assembly. The answer to both of these referendums was yes. Also, just recently:...
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