...the copyright owner. While every effort has been made to ensure that references to websites are correct at time of going to press, the world wide web is a constantly changing environment and the University of Sunderland cannot accept any responsibility for any changes to addresses. The University of Sunderland acknowledges product, service and company names referred to in this publication, many of which are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks. All materials internally quality assessed by the University of Sunderland and reviewed by academics external to the University. Instructional design and publishing project management by Wordhouse Ltd, Reading, UK. Contents Introduction vii Unit 1 The contemporary world of business and management Introduction 1.1 1.2 The global business environment The importance of developments in the global environment Case Study 1.3 Organisational decision making and performance vii 1 3 10 14 17 19 19 20 Self-assessment questions Feedback on self-assessment questions Summary Unit 2 Globalisation Introduction 2.1 2.2 Definitions and indicators of globalisation Key drivers and facilitators of globalisation Case Study 2.3 2.4 Barriers and inhibitors of globalisation Comparing the costs and benefits of globalization Case Study 2.5 International trade and foreign direct investment Case Study 2.6 Applying Porter’s diamond model 21 21 22 25 27 29 31 32 36 36 40 43 43 44 Self-assessment questions...
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...English to an extent to which they attempt confident use of English. The book is aimed to provide you the content, sufficient enough, to attempt the descriptive English paper efficiently and may lead you to success in your examination. For this purpose all the current topics are being covered here. This book also intends to provide the competitors a conceptual base through the explanations of the questions asked. Any modification or error shall be entertained and we will try to incorporate it in our next issue. DESCRIPTIVE ENGLISH DESCRIPTIVE ENGLISH 4 Mahendra Publication Pvt. Ltd. www.mahendrapublication.org TOPICS CONTENTS Pg. No. 6 8 16 21 31 31 32 33 34 35 35 37 39 41 41 42 43 44 45 47 48 49 50 51 55 56 57 58 59 60 62 62 64 65 67 67 69 69 71 71 72 What is Descriptive English Precis Writing Letter Writing Essay Writing & Sample Essays ECONOMY Brain Drain CSR Rise in Oil Prices Union...
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...financial crisis Basel, 2 December 2011 Monetary and Economic Department May 2012 Papers in this volume were prepared for the joint BIS and OECD workshop on “Policy interaction: fiscal policy, monetary policy and government debt management”, held in Basel on 2 December 2011. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the BIS or the central banks represented at the meeting. Individual papers (or excerpts thereof) may be reproduced or translated with the authorisation of the authors concerned. This publication is available on the BIS website (www.bis.org). © Bank for International Settlements 2012. All rights reserved. Brief excerpts may be reproduced or translated provided the source is stated. ISSN 1609-0381 (print) ISBN 92-9131-135-9 (print) ISSN 1682 7651 (online) ISBN 92-9197-135-9 (online) Preface The massive expansion of central bank balance sheets to contain the worst financial crisis in living memory raises questions about the theory and practice of monetary policy. The persistence in many advanced countries of large fiscal deficits and the prospect of high public debt/GDP ratios for many years is likely, at some point, to create policy dilemmas not only for central banks but also for public debt managers. Some countries have already had to cope with higher sovereign risk. Worries about both “fiscal dominance” and “financial repression” have certainly gained ground. Whatever view is taken of this, the boundary...
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...be reproduced in any form, by photostat, microfilm, xerography, or any other means, or incorporated into any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries should be emailed to rights@newagepublishers.com ISBN (13) : 978-81-224-2622-9 PUBLISHING FOR ONE WORLD NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS 4835/24, Ansari Road, Daryaganj, New Delhi - 110002 Visit us at www.newagepublishers.com Dedication Dedication To my dear children Raghu, Suren and Rajasri who have done me proud by excelling in their chosen fields This page intentionally left blank PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION Since the publication of the first edition of this book five years ago several developments covering the money market, the government securities market and the foreign exchange market have taken place to strengthen their integration and enhance their efficiency. Efficient settlement mechanisms, greater transparency and best market practices are put in place, which facilitate faster transactions and lower their costs. Efforts have been concentrated on improving the credit delivery mechanisms. Although the Narasimhan Committee on the Financial System (1991) recommended the phasing out of the directed credit programme at 10 per cent of the bank credit not only the proportion has been retained at 40% level but its coverage has been considerably enlarged. The appropriate instrument to achieve distributive justice...
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