...neither definition nor theory, of information both precise and broad enough to qualify such assertion sensible. Niels Ole Fiennemann in the year 2001 came up with Media’s general history. He said that no Society could exist where exchange and production of information is of little significance. Therefore one cannot compare information societies and industrial societies in any steady way. Information societies could be industrial societies and industrial societies could as well mean information societies. The following is a media matrix he suggested. literature cultures: writing(number systems and primary alphabets),secondly print cultures: print + speech + written texts, Second order alphabetical cultures: written texts + speech + analogue electrical media + digital media and speech based oral cultures .This paper seeks to visit the origin of the Information Technology and the developments it has undergone to become what it is today. In history of development of information technology, the paper looks into challenges that were encountered during the advancement stages. Discussion In today’s era, the crucial influence with regard to the concept of information is borrowed from information theory that was developed by Shannon alongside others. In reality there are two metaphors being used and which are contradictory: the popular information as quantity, e.g. water flowing though pipe, is working, but then it’s called metaphor of information as choice, done...
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...back to Ancient Greece. The city of Athens had an extraordinary governmental system for its time. In the 4th and 5th century BC Athens was ruled by a democracy. The democratic system allowed all male citizens to engage in the political arena. As male citizens were so directly involved in Athenian politics, the right to freedom of speech was given to all of them. Without this right the participants would not have been able to express their opinion on the political state of affairs in Athens. This would make Athens less of a democracy and more of an autocracy, ruled by either one or several of the same ideologies. (Smith, D., & Torres, L. (2006)) An important figure in the...
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...objectives are too lofty and unattainable to ever be realized. But, in fact, realizing these dreams is possible. Look, for example, at our global success in eradicating small pox, or how far we have come since the 1950s in the United States towards reaching racial and gender equality. As Henry David Thoreau said over a century ago, "If you have built castles in the air, your work need not be lost; there is where they should be. Now, put foundations under them." Building foundations for your community dreams is what VMOSA, the strategic planning process that is the focus of this chapter, is all about. It's about groups of people deciding together what they want to accomplish, and how they are going to get there. What is VMOSA? One way to make that journey is through strategic planning, the process by which a group defines its own "VMOSA;" that is, its Vision, Mission, Objectives, Strategies, and Action Plans. VMOSA is a practical planning process that can be used by any community organization or initiative. This comprehensive planning tool can help your organization by providing a blueprint for moving from dreams to actions to positive outcomes for your community. In this section, we will give a general overview of the process, and touch briefly on each of the individual parts. In Examples, we'll show you how an initiative to prevent adolescent pregnancy used the VMOSA process effectively. Then, in Tools, we offer you a possible...
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...the Same 1. Analyze current problems and issues in American Government by applying Historical perspectives: -History Repeats Itself +A new Communication medium paves the way to Electoral Victory- Meaning the internet and social media have revolutionized American politics. Campaign advertising is the use of an advertising campaign through the media to influence political debate and ultimately voters. Political advertising has changed drastically over the last several decades. Harry S. Truman was proud of his accomplishment of shaking approximately 500,000 hands but his accomplishment was soon pale compared to the next presidential election with the advent of television, war hero and presidential candidate D.W Eisenhower created commercials to get votes and so on and it different with different elections and different decades. +The Power of Incumbency- It is usually used in reference to elections where races can often be defined as being between an incumbent and non-incumbents. Incumbents have easier access to campaign finance and government resources that can be indirectly used to boost a campaign. Incumbency is any elected official who is already in office and seeking re-election. 2. Explain the Philosophical underpinnings of American Political System through the Exploration of important theories such as the “Social Contract” theory and the concept of the “Natural Law”: -Forms and Functions of Government +Authority- The ability of public institutions and the officials...
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...and freight services, logistics and distribution services, international trade management, and specialized services. The organization combines sales, marketing, finance, and technology for its supply chain subsidiaries. As a global services enterprise, leveraging technology has allowed UPS to make “small companies look big” as well as be recognized as a comprehensive supply chain partner structured around four main areas: U.S. operations, international package operations, supply chain and freight, and other non-package (the UPS store, UPS Capital Corp, etc.). UPS Chief Executive Officer Mike Eskew cites that commerce has changed considerably over the last few years. In the early years of the organization, commerce consisted of three distinct flows: product request, product creation, and product payment. These flows or transactions were conducted face to face. Today, it is understood that these three flows of commerce converge into point, click, and order, which then translates to pick, pack, and ship. This converged method is significant, as it impacts operations productivity. Where the cost to track packages was once $2 (USD) per phone call, it can now be tracked for pennies per package. A way that productivity has been increased at UPS is through leveraging technological automation. An example of the impact of technology may involve someone going to the Amazon Web site (www.amazon.com) and ordering an item. The information is...
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...Featured Chapter Creating a Strategic Direction Visions and Values Paul Olk, Peter Rainsford, and Tsungting Chung ncreased globalization and the incorporation of many new information technology (IT) tools have enhanced the need for top management to set a clear strategic vision for a company. As market demands and the ability to communicate globally encourage companies to continue to expand into new geographical and product markets—and as they also enter into long-term buyer-supplier relationships or contract out activities previously conducted internally—companies are spread more thinly. This creates a challenge of how to coordinate all of the activities conducted around the globe and by partner organizations. While sophisticated software programs (e.g., enterprise resource planning [ERP]) or intranet capabilities enhance internal communication, these are not adequate. Establishing and maintaining a consistent strategic direction for the company begins with setting a clear vision for the company. A strategic vision provides multiple benefits to a company. First, it presents a broadly shared sense of organizational direction and purpose. Direction is needed because few organizations have achieved greatness by being all things to all consumers. To instill a purpose, most successful companies achieved their leadership position by adopting a vision far greater than their resource base and competencies would allow (de Kluyver & Pearce, 2002; Hamel & Prahalad, 1989). A vision...
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...Introduction By Paul Andrisani and Simon Hakim Co-Directors Center for Competitive Government Richard J. Fox School of Business and Management Temple University Privatization of public services to reduce cost and improve quality has a long history. Peter Drucker, the Austrian born management professor, was the first to suggest contracting out of local services to private companies. Indeed many municipal services were already contracted out by 1980 in Great Britain. But the most significant drive for privatization in Great Britain, which signaled the way to the rest of the world, came about with the election of Margaret Thatcher in 1979. In the following decade a host of state owned enterprises were privatized including British Petroleum, British Aerospace, Jaguar, Rolls Royce, National Freight Corp., Cable and Wireless, British Airways, British Gas, British Telecom, several water and electric utilities. In addition, public housing was sold to the residents and compulsory competitive bidding of local services was initiated. By the late 1980’s, Mexico, Brazil, Chile, and Argentina elected presidents who adopted privatization initiatives. But the trend toward privatization was not confined to western countries. The collapse of Communism in the Soviet Bloc prompted the sale of many state owned enterprises as well as other forms of privatization. Even earlier, China in 1978 allowed private farming and later private sector manufacturing and...
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...International Marketing Summary Chapter 1: Global Environmental Drivers Over the last few decades, international merchandise trade has expanded at astounding rates to reach $16.3 trillion in 2011. In addition, trade in services has grown at particularly high rates within the last decade to reach almost $3.7 trillion in 2010. As a result, nations are much more affected by international business than in the past. Global linkages have made possible investment strategies and marketing alternatives that offer tremendous opportunities. Yet these changes and the speed of change also can represent threats to nations and firms. On the policy front, decision makers have come to realize that it is very difficult to isolate domestic economic activity from international market events. Factors such as currency exchange rates, financial flows, and foreign economic actions increasingly render the policymaker powerless to implement a domestic agenda. International interdependence, which has contributed to greater affluence, has also increased our vulnerability. Both firms and individuals are greatly affected by international trade. Whether willing or not, they are participating in global business affairs. Entire industries have been threatened in their survival as a result of international trade flows and have either adjusted to new market realities or left the market. Some individuals have lost their workplace and experienced reduced salaries. At the same time, global business changes...
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... | | |SPRING, 2009 | Professor John W. Burrows, Ph.D. Office ATT L084 Phone 232-5655 (office) 740-2839 (cell – emergencies only before 9pm) E-Mail John.Burrows@mccombs.utexas.edu Course Web Page via Blackboard Teaching Assistant Sowmiya Chocka Narayanan (sowmiya@mail.utexas.edu) ___________________________________________________________________________________________ Course Objectives Technical competencies are not enough to ensure continued success in your career if you cannot leverage efforts. How do you motivate employees to go over and above the call of duty to get the job done? How can you ensure that decisions are not biased? What influence tactics can you use even if you do not have the formal authority to tell someone what to do? This course attempts to add to your understanding of life in complex organizations by covering topics including, leveraging culture to reach strategic objectives, motivating and rewarding desired behavior, designing organizations to fit with strategic objectives, selecting the appropriate leadership style to motivate others to perform, and using power and influence effectively. My approach will be managerial, focusing on the processes necessary to organize, motivate, and lead people engaged in collective activities. The emphasis will be on the...
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...Report on The System of Education in India Nordic Recognition Information Centres 1 October 2006 THE SYSTEM OF EDUCATION IN INDIA Introduction ......................................................................................................... 3 Background to the Study Tour ............................................................................................... 3 Report Structure ..................................................................................................................... 3 Country Profile ....................................................................................................................... 4 Chapter 1 General Education ............................................................................ 5 Administration of Education .................................................................................................. 5 School Education.................................................................................................................... 6 National Curricula .................................................................................................................. 7 Examination and Assessment............................................................................................... 12 Source................................................................................................................................... 15 Islamic Education .......................................
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...Corporation The Idea in Brief The Idea in Practice Diversified giant NEC competed in seemingly disparate businesses—semiconductors, telecommunications, computing, and consumer electronics—and dominated them all. CLARIFY CORE COMPETENCIES How? It considered itself not a collection of strategic business units, but a portfolio of core competencies—the company’s collective knowledge about how to coordinate diverse production skills and technologies. COPYRIGHT © 2003 HARVARD BUSINESS SCHOOL PUBLISHING CORPORATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NEC used its core competencies to achieve what most companies only attempt: Invent new markets, exploit emerging ones, delight customers with products they hadn’t even imagined—but definitely needed. Think of a diversified company as a tree: the trunk and major limbs as core products, smaller branches as business units, leaves and fruit as end products. Nourishing and stabilizing everything is the root system: core competencies. Focusing on core competencies creates unique, integrated systems that reinforce fit among your firm’s diverse production and technology skills—a systemic advantage your competitors can’t copy. When you clarify competencies, your entire organization knows how to support your competitive advantage—and readily allocates resources to build cross-unit technological and...
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...(1011416026) Submitted to Mr. Raviraj Gohil Assistant Professor Department of Finance In partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of POST GRADUATION DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENT in Finance Shanti Business School, Shela, Ahmedabad. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It was a great opportunity for me to work with Sharekhan Ltd., pioneers in the field of Stock Market. I am extremely grateful to all those who have shared their expertise and knowledge with me and without whom the completion of this project would have been virtually impossible. Firstly, I would like to thank my Company Mentor Mrs. Raina Vashi who has been a constant source of inspiration for me during the completion of this project. I would also like to thank Mr. Henal Bardoliwala, Relationship Manager of Sharekhan Ltd., for supporting me to complete my project. I am thankful to all staff of Sharekhan Ltd for their valuable support and cooperation during the entire tenure of this project. I thank my faculty guide Mr. Raviraj Gohil who helped me out at every critical situation that i faced in my project and gave us his valuable advice to solve problems. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I feel great pleasure by presenting this project. As a student of PGDM of ‘Shanti Business School Ahmedabad’, there is a subject of partial training followed by project report. I have done this project to get knowledge about “A study of Monetary Policy impact on Indian Stock Markets” For this I have done training...
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...Term Paper on Bata Shoe Companys Operations in Bangladesh INTRODUCTION: Bata Shoe Company is one of the largest companies not only in Bangladesh but also in many other countries. Bata Shoes is a large, family owned shoe company based in Bermuda but currently headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and operates 4 business units worldwide – Bata Europe, Bata Emerging Markets, Bata Branded Business and Bata North America. It has a retail presence in over 50 countries and production facilities in 26 countries. In its history the company has sold more than 14 billion pairs of shoes. In 1985 Bata Shoe listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange. At this moment, its shares are traded in our two stock exchanges (DSE& CSE). Objective of the study: Objectives of the study are given below – • To know about Bata’s products. • To get idea about their current business condition. • To analyze its market position with it’s’ competitors. • To take an over view of their market strategies. Methodology of the study: This is a descriptive analysis. Most of the data is secondary data. I have collected the data from different websites and by taking viva of some Bata officials. Limitations of the study: To prepare this term paper we faced a lot of problems which include time & cost. Moreover, we faced a lot of difficulties to find out the actual data from websites. The officials also were not cooperative to give data about their company for their company’s regulation. An over view...
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...Graduate School of Development Studies POP POLITICS: Popular culture as a democratic space for active citizenship among Filipino youth A Research Paper presented by: Marie Angelie Resurreccion Philippines in partial fulfillment of the requirements for obtaining the degree of MASTERS OF ARTS IN DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Specialization: Children and Youth Studies (CYS) Members of the examining committee: Dr. Linda Herrera [Supervisor] Prof. Dr. Ben White [Reader] The Hague, The Netherlands November, 2009 Disclaimer: This document represents part of the author’s study programme while at the Institute of Social Studies. The views stated therein are those of the author and not necessarily those of the Institute. Research papers are not made available for circulation outside of the Institute. Inquiries: Postal address: Institute of Social Studies P.O. Box 29776 2502 LT The Hague The Netherlands Kortenaerkade 12 2518 AX The Hague The Netherlands +31 70 426 0460 +31 70 426 0799 Location: Telephone: Fax: ii Contents Acknowledgments List of Figures List of Acronyms Abstract Key Words Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 The Filipino Youth and Media in Recent Philippine History The Marcos Regime: Youth in the Streets The 1986 People Power: The Culmination of Protests The Post-1986 Youth: Disengaged or Disillusioned? People Power II: The Rise of GenTxt Postscript 2001: ‘People Power Fatigue?’ Media and Technology: Expanding Youth Spaces 1.2 Research Objectives and...
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...Term Paper on Bata Shoe Companys Operations in Bangladesh INTRODUCTION: Bata Shoe Company is one of the largest companies not only in Bangladesh but also in many other countries. Bata Shoes is a large, family owned shoe company based in Bermuda but currently headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and operates 4 business units worldwide – Bata Europe, Bata Emerging Markets, Bata Branded Business and Bata North America. It has a retail presence in over 50 countries and production facilities in 26 countries. In its history the company has sold more than 14 billion pairs of shoes. In 1985 Bata Shoe listed in Dhaka Stock Exchange. At this moment, its shares are traded in our two stock exchanges (DSE& CSE). Objective of the study: Objectives of the study are given below – • To know about Bata’s products. • To get idea about their current business condition. • To analyze its market position with it’s’ competitors. • To take an over view of their market strategies. Methodology of the study: This is a descriptive analysis. Most of the data is secondary data. I have collected the data from different websites and by taking viva of some Bata officials. Limitations of the study: To prepare this term paper we faced a lot of problems which include time & cost. Moreover, we faced a lot of difficulties to find out the actual data from websites. The officials also were not cooperative to give data about their company for their company’s regulation. An over view...
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