...of adult learning theories are to give scholars an insight on the learning process. ARTICLE 1 The article written by Cari Kenner and Jason Weinerman goes into detail of how and why it is critical to consider and comprehend the different perspectives, culture differences, life experiences, and level of professionalism that adult learners can contribute to the learning environment. Instructors must be subjective when forming learning material. Adults are constantly learning new material to enhance their knowledge, for the purpose of advancing their career opportunities. In Andragogy, Knowles talks about the four principles of the average adult learner. Adults are obstinate, independent curious learners; they understand the process of learning as well the reason for learning a particular subject, and the benefit of learner to a certain degree. Adults have an objective for learning and it is absolutely critical for scholars as well as instructors to embrace the different aspects of learning (Knowles 1984). Strategic thinking would be the best way to think when accessing new learning material. The learning material should be presented in a professional sufficient manner, so that the scholar will perceive the material as profitable and not confusing. ARTICLE 2 The author presented relevant information, on how it is essential for developing scholars to acknowledge every aspect of the...
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...Implications For Online Learning Organized by Learning Theory Behaviorism Learners should be told the explicit outcomes of the learning so they can set 1.expectations and judge for themselves whether or not they have achieved the outcome of the online lesson. Learners must be tested to determine whether or not they have achieved the 2.learning outcome. Online testing or other forms of testing and assessment should be integrated into the learning sequence to check individual learner’s achievement level and provide appropriate feedback. The learning materials must be sequenced appropriately to promote learning. The 3.sequencing could take the form of simple to complex, known to unknown, and knowledge to application. Learners must be provided with feedback so that they can monitor how they are 4.doing and take corrective action if required. Cognitivism Strategies used should allow learners to perceive and attend to the information so 1.that it can be transferred to working memory. Strategies to promote perception and attention for online learning include the following: Important information should be placed in the center of the screen for a.reading, and learners must be able to read from left to right. Information critical for learning should be highlighted to focus learners’ b.attention. For example, in an online lesson, headings should be used to organize the details, and formatted to allow learners to attend to and process the information they...
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...Technology in Education Integration of technology into the educational system gives assurance of quality results and client satisfaction in the education sector. Technology provides the leeway to improved learning and teaching in schools. It is a tool that helps learners and educators to accomplish their goals at a reduced cost. Technology serves as an enabler in teaching and learning to simulate, visualize, and interact with scientific structures, models, and processes. It also facilitates and assists in the authentication and prioritization of internet materials, consequently providing a forum where teachers, parents and students can interact anytime and anywhere (Abuhmaih, 2011). Technology lies at the core of modern education system. Its roles in the sector are in tandem with the changes in the society. It provides a new definition of education, enabling stakeholders and participants to acquire quality and cost effective education system. In addition, technology creates a new platform for learning where students can easily access and manipulate learning resources. Nonetheless, technology in education may be destructive to the learners if not properly utilized. It can distract learners’ attention and focus. Learners should practice self-discipline and self-motivation, especially where one uses technology for distance learning. It can also be costly in terms of acquisition and installation costs. Technology does not confine learning to computers and computing environment,...
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...Barriers to Online Learning: A factor analytic study Lin Y. Muilenburga* and Zane L. Bergeb aUniversity of South Alabama, USA; bUniversity of Maryland, USA University Francis LinMuilenburg 000000May 2005 Ltd 1 26 Open 2005 and Distance Original Education 0158-7919 (print)/1475-0198 Distance Article 10.1080/01587910500081269(online) CDIE108109.sgm Alabama2460 Wildflower LaneHuntingtonMD 20639USALin@muilenburgs.com Taylor and of SouthLearning Association of Australia, Inc. This article reports on a large-scale (n = 1,056), exploratory factor analysis study that determined the underlying constructs that comprise student barriers to online learning. The eight factors found were (a) administrative issues, (b) social interaction, (c) academic skills, (d) technical skills, (e) learner motivation, (f) time and support for studies, (g) cost and access to the Internet, and (h) technical problems. Independent variables that significantly affected student ratings of these barrier factors included: gender, age, ethnicity, type of learning institution, self-rating of online learning skills, effectiveness of learning online, online learning enjoyment, prejudicial treatment in traditional classes, and the number of online courses completed. Introduction As the popularity of the Internet grows, so does the potential for online learning. A great deal of evidence exists showing that no significant differences should be expected regarding the effectiveness of well-designed online learning compared...
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...evolving. Individuals or companies posting information for resource purposes to educate or inform the user is not unethical. Presenting the information as your own words or idea is unethical. The main reason a lot of consumers turn to the internet is that they perceive it as a place where they can research information, build ideas, and compare information with their text books for added measure. The internet is a learning tool that is used with the text book to educate and inspire students. Ultimately, it is the student’s responsibility to use the information found wisely and site all known and unknown resources properly. Distant learners Use of the internet can provide opportunities for distant learning. Students and teachers can network, study, and collaborate with others around the world. Teaching strategies can be shared through communication with other educators and may be integrated across the curriculum. The real significance of the internet is that it defines an instantly ubiquitous highway. There will be fascinating implications here for the way people work, for example, the internet makes an individual's geographical location less relevant (Lavin, pp.223), especially for distant learners. Who should be held accountable?...
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...student’s learning in academics may be determined by the grades a student earns for a period of learning has been done. It is believed that a grade is a primary indicator of such learning. If a learner earns high grades it is concluded that they may also have learned a lot while low grades indicate lesser learning. However, many experiences and studies found out that there are also several factors that would account for the grades. No single factor can be definitely pointed out as predicting grades. It has been interplay of so many factors – gender, IQ, study habits, age, year level, parent’s educational attainment, social status, number of siblings, birth order, etc. In fact, almost all of existing environmental and personal factors are a variable of academic performance. However, at this point in time, the researchers would like to investigate the possible relationship of study habits and the factors affecting it to the academic achievement of under graduate education students of Iloilo State College Of Fisheries Barotac Nuevo Campus. The investigation of on this area thus becomes a real and compelling motivation for the researchers to conduct this study. Education as the key to development is mandated to upgrade teaching effectiveness among educators as well as learning efficiency among learners. Many efforts by school administrators have been done to improve the retention of college students. Academic advising, orientations, facility improvements, mentoring, and continuous modifications...
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...may sound like an esoteric idea, but understanding how people learn has many practical implications for both formal and informal workplace learning because it can provide best practices for teaching on the job as a trainer or a manager. Here’s an overview of the most popular behavioral learning theories. Reinforcement Theory Reinforcement Theory suggests that behavior is controlled by its consequences and therefore individuals are motivated to perform or avoid behaviors because of past outcomes of those behaviors. Reinforcement comes in several forms: Positive reinforcement involves positively rewarding desirable behaviors. Negative reinforcement means removing an unpleasant outcome to promote desirable behaviors. Extinction involves withdrawing positive or negative reinforcers to eliminate a behavior. Punishment involves decreasing a behavior by presenting an unpleasant outcome after the behavior. Workplace learning implications: The trainer must have a general understanding of which outcomes a learner finds positive or negative and strategically connect those outcomes to the course content, as appropriate. Social Learning Theory Social Learning Theory suggests that people learn by observing other people and attempting to copy their behaviors. Social learning is influenced by self-efficacy, which is an individual’s belief that he/she can successfully learn knowledge and skills. This means that the learner may not be able to adopt the behaviors they see if...
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...Running Head: MOTIVATING THE CORPORATE ONLINE LEARNER Motivating the Corporate Online Learner Tracy L. Lendi Capella University ED 7210: The Delivery of Distance Education Dr. Molly Lane June 15, 2005 Abstract Corporations have changed drastically over the years. In the past, employees remained at companies for the duration of their working life until retirement. Those days are gone and employees are now, more than ever unsatisfied with their job causing a significant decrease in motivation. Employees are faced with expanded job descriptions coupled with constant company reorganization causing them to question where they fit in. The most well structured online learning initiative could fail if deployed in this type of environment due to the reduced motivational level of the corporate employee. Index Motivating the Corporate Online Learner 4 The Positive Work Environment 7 Accelerated Learning Theories 9 The Adult Learning Theory 11 Motivational Theories 12 Online Learning and the Barriers 14 Motivating the Corporate Adult Online Learner 17 References 24 Motivating the Corporate Online Learner Determining the root cause of why online learning initiatives fail may require a closer look into the environment inside today’s corporate America opposed to an examination of the course content and construction alone. Corporate America today is very different from the one that existed fifty years ago. In...
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...responsibilities. Understanding how you learn can play a big part in obtaining a degree whether it’s in classroom setting or online. In order to be successful in college you must manage time and stress levels, set realistic goals and strategies for you to achieve academic success. * * Different Learning Styles * In order to fully achieve academic Success, one must know and understand their unique learning style in order to be Academic Successful. There are many ways individuals learn to perceive and interpret information. As a visual learner myself; I do not retain information just by reading alone. I have to color code the main points in my reading, I also have to read two or 3 times before grasping the concept of any reading materials. With color coding it aids me in rewriting and organizing my notes, I seem to retain the information better that way. Unlike the auditory learner, they use the sense of hearing to learn and tend to like live lectures than reading them. Auditory learning would probably be hindrance in me achieving Academic Success because; it would require a lot of my time and energy to learn. I would require much help and possibly a tutor to achieve Academic Success with this type of learning style. I also learn by hands on experiences known as bodily kinesthic learning, this learning style allows me to learn much faster than listening and reading alone. According to Blevins and Sonya (2014) they researched this type of learner learn by “Simulation, hands-on...
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...These claims and arguments manifested the urgent need to new entrance; which prompted the stakeholders to search new approaches that combine the properties of both, the traditional learning and e-learning and, to overcome the deficiencies of both at the same time. The way therefore, was paved to the emergence of "Blended Learning" as a new approach blending all forms of traditional learning with the different varieties of e-learning creating an innovative teaching-learning methodology. A new innovation that increases the effectiveness of the teaching situation and offers new opportunities of interactive learning situation. Blended Learning and CALL Historical background The use of computer in language learning has started actually in the sixties of the twentieth century. With the advent of the eighties of the century, CALL have been gained considerable space in language learning systems especially, in the advanced countries, in association with great developments in language learning programs. Computer-assisted language teaching and learning development can be categorized into three stages associated with changes and developments in the linguistic and psycho-linguistic fields. The first was started in the sixties. It was established on the principles of the behaviorist theory, which considers the computer as an optimal tool for learning; that it allows repetition, which enables learning. Therefore, the implementation in this period was restricted into extensive drills...
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...ways that they absorb, perceive and process newly learned information. In ‘The VARK Questionnaire: How Do I Learn Best,” a short series of questions identifies learning strategies for the person that is participating in the questionnaire. In this particular analysis J.G., the subject of the questionnaire, found that she has a multimodal preference to learning and is flexible in her communication preferences while switching from mode to mode depending on what type of material she is working with (VARK, 2015). Multimodal learners may encompass all of the strategies, visual, aural, read/write, and kinesthetic or at least more than one. J.G. found that she possessed preferences in each strategy with stronger learning attributes in aural and read/write strategies. Through the VARK questionnaire, J.G.’s personal learning preference has been identified as multimodal with aural being her primary style and read/write being the second most preferred style for learning. Aural refers to listening. The description of an aural strategy per the VARK (2015) questionnaire shows a preference toward receiving information that is vocalized or heard and the use of questioning as a vital component of learning. According to The Institute for Learning Styles Research (ILSR), the aural strategy means that listening is the primary mode of learning and the learner tends to remember and repeat ideas that are verbally presented. As a student taking in information, an aural learner will most likely benefit...
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...the VARK questionnaire, I found that my learning style is multimodal. More specifically, I scored equal as high in the visual and the kinesthetic learning categories abbreviated as (VK). However, others that score multimodal may have many different varieties in which they score highly. For example, someone might score highly in visual and kinesthetic (K). While others score highly in multiple categories such as auditory, read/write, and kinesthetic (ARK). There are two different types of multimodal learners. Type one includes those who can be flexible and vary from one learning style to the next depending on the circumstances. On the other hand, the type two multimodal learner will find that they are not satisfied until they have fulfilled every one of their learning styles. This type of learner requires more time, but can result in a much better and deeper understanding of a given topic. Learning strategies: As a multimodal learner, more specifically a type one multimodal learner, I find that it is beneficial to adjust my...
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... BTEC Assignment Front Sheet |Learner Name |Assessor Name | |Antony John Olweny |Mr. Eliud Juma | |Date Issued |Completion Date |Submitted on | |15/04/2013 |20/05/2013 |1/06/2013 | |Qualification |Unit | |BTEC LEVEL 3 EXTENDED DIPLOMA IN BUSINESS |UNIT 11:Relationship Marketing | |Assignment Title |Cost Benefit Analysis | |In this assessment you will have opportunities to provide evidence against the following criteria. Indicate the page numbers where the evidence can be found. | |Criteria Reference |To achieve the criteria the evidence must show that the learner is able to: |Task no:...
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...Multimodal paper suggestions for reseach paper 1. With the rapid move to more online provision of off-campus study, traditional print-based materials are being converted into more multimodal, interactive, technology-mediated e-learning formats. Multimedia enhancements in these environments include, for example, video and audio elements, recorded lecture presentations, interactive audio-enhanced diagrams and simulations, interactive quizzes and graphics. Multimedia can be used to represent the content knowledge in ways that mesh with different learning styles that may appeal to different modal preferences (Birch & Sankey, 2008; Moreno & Mayer, 2007). 2. At the same time, non-traditional learners have grown in prominence and are today a significant consideration when coming to design learning environments. This has caused a significant blurring of the boundaries in relation to how learning resources have traditionally been supplied to students, as against how they should now be supplied (Bradwell 2009). 3. “It is undoubtedly the case that a particular student will sometimes benefit from having a particular kind of course content presented in one way verses another (Pashler, McDaniel, Rohrer & Bjork, 2008. P. 116). 4. The increasing use of multimedia in teaching has provided many opportunities to present multiple representations of content (text, video, audio, images, interactive elements) to cater more effectively to the different learning styles and...
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...learning styles. In 1987 Neil Fleming invented VARK Questionnaire which help users to identify learning preferences. These preferences are about the ways that they want to take in and give out information (VARK, 2011).VARK questionnaires are very helpful for some learners, which enable them to change their study habits, some learners already know about their way of learning, questionnaire or inventory does not make any difference in their study habits. VARK questionnaire can be found online or on paper, gives an option of more than one answer for a question. VARK questionnaire is short with 13-16 questions to prevent students survey fatigue (Fleming and Baume,2006).VARK questionnaire is not a distinctive measure, but it gives a method of thinking about how to prioritize the learning strategy. VARK consist of 5 strategies- visual, aural, read/write, kinesthetic and multimodal. In visual study strategy learners use pictures, posters flow charts for information. In Aural learner would benefit from attending classes, discuss topics with others use of tape recorder etc, In read/write strategy learner would take notes and read them over again and again but a kinesthetic learner would use all senses for learning, learners who use multimodal strategy would use multiple strategies in learning...
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