...Police history plays an important role in today’s policing styles in the nation. Some individuals thinking policing styles and the history is based off of television shows and movies that are released which in reality is not true to a certain extent. “Up until the last two hundred years, most societies relied on individual citizens and communities to ensure that laws were upheld and criminals were apprehended (Grant and Terry, 2012).” After many years, societies and communities upheld this responsibility and implemented effective ways to enforce the law and maintain order. This is where law enforcement was originated after the Code of Hammurabi took place and soon England formed law enforcements based on individuals and tribal justice. After the collapse of the England law enforcement, in the early nineteenth century Sir Robert Peel became an important person on having an impact on American policing which has been used until this day. Sir Robert Peel served as Home Secretary in 1828 in which he wanted to set law enforcement in the city which later would be London Metropolitan Police. He served in “Ireland for many years and successfully organized the Royal Irish Constabulary, Peel was keen to reform the way in which law was enforce in England and create a new police force for the city of London (Grant and Terry, 2012).” By 1829, parliament passed the London Metropolitan Act in which it provided funds for establishing 1,000 police officer force and strict standards of discipline...
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...Police Influence on Society Stephanie Jennings CJA/344 February 11, 2013 Stephen Humphries Police Influence on Society There are different factors when it comes to the police influence on society. The factors can be both negative and positive on society. The police are in the community to protect and serve. The main purpose of law enforcement is to maintain order and to investigate criminal activity in the United States. The history of American policing was learned from Great Britain and adapted by America. The first ideal people to do the policing were healthy young boys and men that had come over with the Europeans on the first ships to venture to America (Trojanowicz, R. C., 1991). The main reason was to protect themselves from the natives who did not want to share their land. The natives, in time, became more settled and the two groups were able to live more successfully together. Policing became one of the primary duties of the Justices of the Peace. Evolution soon took hold of the colonies and they became cities and towns. This made it more of a priority to organize forms of law enforcement. In 1636, “The Night Watch” was born and it was to be a productive way to control the actions and criminal activities of the area of Boston. New York took the idea in 1651 and created the “Shout and Rattle Watch.” There was success and failures in both cities but Philadelphia felt that policing could be more productive is the area was divided and assigned to small...
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...bureaucratic institution, providing the primary state response to crime and disorder. That was primarily a development of the 19th century and a reaction to the rapid social change of the industrial revolution and rapid urbanization. Prior to 1800, governments maintained order by a variety of means, local and national. One of the key historical debates concerns the effectiveness of these approaches and the degree of continuity between the premodern and modern police models. Around 1800 a small number of distinctively different types of police institution emerged. The French, under Napoleon, instituted the Gendarmerie, a state military police model. It evolved from the “Marechaussee,” which had had a dual military and civil function since the 16th century. The model was exported across Europe by Napoleon. The British developed two models. The first, set up to answer similar challenges to the Gendarmerie in France, was the Royal Irish Constabulary model. It was close to the state military model, but distinctively styled as part of the civil power of the state and subordinated to the Magistracy. The Irish model was subsequently exported to Britain’s colonies and became the basis of forces such as the Indian Police Service. The Metropolitan Police was consciously created as a local force with a uniform that was deliberately different from the military and a mission that focused on prevention of crime rather than the repression of disorder. This state civilian model became the basis for all...
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...Policing In America In this paper I am going to identify and define the US government and policing organizations throughout the US and how they both impact of this relationship on the American Society as a whole. The government of the United States is the national government of the constitutional republic of fifty states that is the United States of America. This government comprises three distinct branches of government: a legislative, an executive and a judiciary. These branches and their various powers are delineated in the U.S. Constitution; the powers are specified in greater detail in laws enacted by Congress. Self-policing, a form of self-regulation, is the process whereby an organization is asked, or volunteers, to monitor its own adherence to legal, ethical, or safety standards, rather than have an outside, independent agency such as a governmental entity monitor and enforce those standards. Self-policing attempts may fail, due to the conflict of interest in asking any organization to police itself. If the public becomes aware of this failure, independent organization is often given the duty of policing them, sometimes with highly punitive measures taken against the organization. The results can be disastrous, such as a military with no external, independent oversight, which may commit human rights violations against the public. Not all businesses will voluntarily meet best practice standards, leaving some users exposed. Example: Self-regulation for online child...
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...police; this history tells us about how we first started off as society. As society today, this history should be something that everyone should know about. The start of our police was a great period in history. America learned a lot of its policing tactics from Great Britain and still uses many of those tactics with a few modifications today. It is a misconception that policing stayed the same over the years, they have learned and applied many different ways of handling different scenarios over the years and police departments continue to evolve. The police has gone through different stages in America’s history, political era, reform era, community era, and the new development stages. In the early colonies policing took form of both informal and communal, patrols called “Watch”. The system of the “Watch” was composed of volunteers in the community and their primary duty was to warn of potential danger. Boston was the first to create the night watch in 1663 followed by New York and Philadelphia shortly after. Watchmen would often sleep or would drink on duty making this a very ineffective crime deterrent. Most the watchmen volunteers were either forced into service by the town, as a form of punishment, or were simply attempting to evade military service. Philadelphia organized an independent police force in 1833 followed by Boston and New York with day police and night watch working independently. The beginning of police history in the United States was a very slow process with a...
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...Police Influence on Society Andrea Cole CJA 344 September 14, 2015 Professor Brian Bugge . How the historical development of policing in the United States relates to the current relationship between police and different ethnic groups and social classes. Policing in the United States has grown tremendously, so much so that it is the largest most visible portion of the criminal justice process. Throughout its history, this country’s law enforcement system continues to change and advance. However with change and growth comes conflict, distrust, brutality and animosity between law enforcement, the many different ethnic groups and social classes that make up society. Notably the most well know volatile relationship is between the police and African Americans. The aim of this paper is not only to recount the historical development of policing in the United States, but how it relates to the current relationship between law enforcement, different ethnic groups and social classes. Sir Robert Peel of England founded the first modern police department, the Metropolitan Police of London. Before the Metropolitan Police became active every capable person was charged with the responsibility of contributing to the policing of their community. Because of this society was more trusting of the police. In essence it was community policing and neighbors looked out for one another. The relationship between the policing organization and the...
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... Abstract Community policing is a new idea that has been introduced to law enforcement. The program is federally funded and was created with the intentions of providing citizens the opportunity to work collectively along side with the police to diminish fear and crimes within communities. By examining police departments within the Unites States which has implemented community policing programs, a determination of whether there has been a positive or negative change can be concluded. Community policing, when implemented and organized properly is the ideal situation for police departments and the communities to build an alliance against crime. Community Policing Foot patrol or walking the beat are the many terms used to represent community policing. This community relationship has been a subject of discussion and research since the early 1900’s and still is today (Trojanowicz ,1986). Community policing was established with the idea of local law enforcement and the community working collectively, focusing on reducing and eventually preventing crime and social disorder. The strategy is to achieve a more valuable and proficient crime control, reduce terror of crime and improve quality of life. Community policing also helps the police gain the trust and cooperation of the community by having a strong presence in the area. Most importantly, community policing helps to empower the community and prevent it from being overwhelmed...
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...Introduction: Policing today has proven to be effective after years of improvements and changes. This paper will discuss the significant features in history in Japan and the United States. There are many types of police operations. Policing in general has a wide range of different kinds of strategies and areas. I will discuss the development of both policing styles as well as how implementation can affect both countries. Japan: Japan is known for it low crime rate and its unique policing styles and homogeneous society. Sam Bacca, Chief of Police in Albuquerque New Mexico stated, “This is police paradise”, while he was visiting Japan. (Rebenfien, 1989) “Every law enforcement officer would love to have a community like this”, he continued. (Rebenfien, 1989) Chief Baca and many others offers came to Japan to observe their police system and bring those ideas back to their community. The Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications, Statistics Bureau, Director-General for Policy Planning and Statistical Research and Training Institute reports Japan's total population in 2011 was 127.80 million and total density measured 343 persons per square kilometer in 2010. Japan has endured many trial and tribulations has a country, having to rebuild after wars and conflict. During the fourteen century short lived imperial rulers, followed by a new government established by the Ashikaja family, lasting for two centuries. (Sccnet, 1998) This was a time of great prosperity...
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...was assigned to on foot, which made him have direct contact with the individuals in the community. The detectives would investigate the illegal crimes that were committed. In today’s society policing dangers there first concern is how they can improve the safety measures for officers. In today’s society with the use of modern technology has become worldwide in securing America’s boarders and every day policing duties. Policing has significant measures to aid officer today these measures are databases, computer ran dispatch, records management system, and mobile computing. Both Home land security and law enforcement need to work together. It is imperative that both home land security and law enforcement share information and departmental assistance. Law enforcement’s role in this is to be peace keepers, community outreach professionals, and to make sure that they are trained in antiterrorism. Today’s law enforcement agencies throughout the United States are active in numerous of activities and operations, which law enforcement faces at some point during their career. Police officers greatest danger that they face is physical harm while they are working out in the community. Police officers are taught to measure every circumstance and situation that they go into. Even though they have been taught how to handle these situations there added dangers, such as the lack of sufficient backup from their fellow officers or a situation in which the regular police procedures can escalate quickly...
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...Policing Functions Paper Dana Gurley CJA 394 April 29, 2013 Don Frederick Policing Functions Paper According to The Free Dictionary (2013), policing is defined as to regulate, control, or keep in order with or as if with a law enforcement agency. Policing is at city, county, state, and federal levels with the United States, each have different roles and responsibilities. Policing has advanced so much from starting with night watchmen who were just citizens, to community policing being an occupation. Society is always advancing making the criminal justice system which includes policing to keep up with the advancements. As a police officer whether it be at a city, county, state, or federal level risk their lives daily to keep society in order by protecting and enforcing the laws. There are also private security industries that employ law enforcement officers as well. Local police department is a general purpose law enforcement agency which consists of both county, and town or city (Bureau of Justice Statistics, n.d.). Tribal police are also classified as local police. Municipal or city police are the most important component of American law enforcement. Municipal police play a more complex role than any other type of law enforcement agency. As a city police department has the heaviest responsibility for dealing with serious crime which is located within the cities (Walker & Katz, Chapter 3, The Contemporary Law Enforcement Industry, 2008). Not only with the responsibilities...
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... 2 History of Police Police a constituted of persons powered by the state enforcing the law, limit civil disorder, and protect property. Police forces are separate from military of the state, policing dealing with different situations giving protection of private property and maintain class system. Sheriffs, rangers, troopers, or even civil guards is the name for police with the word police coming from Greek (Wikipedia, 2013). Police are more in conflict with individuals many slang terms used for police officers centuries old with lost etymology. Different jurisdictions police officers have different firearms, but in Ireland, United Kingdom, New Zeal and, Norway and Malta specialist units do not carry firearms. Police have handcuffs to restrain their suspects and use their hand guns when needed the last resort to use. Police officers stay communicating with their radios carried on them in also inside their patrol vehicles. Some police vehicles unmarked for criminal without alerting them they are coming they can make a move without criminals noticing them. Motorcycles used in policing making it to locations that the vehicles cannot make it to and even bicycles used to patrol the community (Wikipedia, 2010). Countries such as Israel, Chile, Philippines, Austria, France, South Africa, and New Zeal and use centralized system of policing. The impact of Sir Robert Peel Sir Robert Peel the born in Bury Lancashire creation of Metropolitan...
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...The United States has a very strong and lengthy history in regards to the policing system. This system of rules is required to maintain a sense of normalcy that can be viewed as being free from harm in the communities. Policing overtime has proven to be effective after years of improvements and changes. Policing can be dated as far back as 1066. During this time American law enforcement was inherited much of how Great Britain. The communities were based on their behaviors and moral other than their criminal problems. According to (Grant & Terry, 2012) Sir Robert Peel found a way to create London Metropolitan Police system. He created what was lacking in the discipline of England. His envisions help shape the policing of modern day (Walker-Katz, 2008). He made an impact on the practice of policing that will for be used for centuries to come. The first Europeans had to establish a way to protect themselves and with that they established policing. This responsibility was left up to the well and able bodied men and boys at that time (Sabath). During this time policing took on two forms informal and communal, which was called “The Big Stick” (Spitzer, 1979). The informal policing consisted of private citizens and English counterparts The community or communal policing also had a great effective on the method of policing during that time. A system referred to as the watch system was developed by community volunteers that would warn if danger occurred. Many different cities participated...
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...The Future of Policing Christina Johnson CJS/210 September 14, 2014 Ronald Rucker University of Phoenix Policing in the United States has changed dramatically since it was first brought to the thirteen colonies from England. However, some of the issues faced then are being faced in policing today. There are also new trends that are prevalent, and these trends will continue to have lasting effects on the future of policing. Even though new trends improve policing overall, they can also cause more serious issues. It is crucial to continue making changes topolicing because it allows law enforcement officers to keep up with the rest of society, including the knowledge of new crime trends. This paper will describe the current trends and issues in policing and analyze possible solutions to improve policing tactics. One trend currently affecting policing is police-community relations. There is a strong emphasis now on community policing, which promotes trust and better relationships between police officers and community members, and less on the militaristic style (Stephens, 2005). Improving police-community relations not only accents the importance of diversity, but it reduces prejudice and discrimination by officers. Community policing helps build trust between the police and community members by relying on citizens to help fight crime. Hence, it is a type of proactive policing (Walker & Katz, 2011). By relying on citizens, police officers have a better chance at preventing...
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...Community and Problem-Solving Policing CJS/210 July 17, 2011 Community and Problem-Solving Policing Introduction In the United States today there are modern laws that are used in policing which are called community and problem-solving policing. Both of these are known to be useful in the community and with the law enforcement when trying to prevent and control crime in the community. At the core of problem-solving policing is responding to the matters within each community all across the United States. With that being said community and problem-solving policing are both improvements to the police and society that understands the use for these methods. I am going to talk about community policing. This method of full-service is really personalized policing where police officers patrol and work in the same area day in and day out. Community policing is a law that is brought down from the police department to provide assistance with the public and also inside the community which is very effective in minimizing crime due to the aid received by the police and individuals in the community. As the community develops an involvement of proactive techniques of community policing certain should then be reduced and managed in a safer manner. Police officers on a daily basis face ethical concerns in which they are the ones that are more experience to handle or answer to them. With that being said a lot of those situations due involve letting people get away with...
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...institutions, law enforcement agencies in society evolved slowly over time. In the ancient societies, there was no law enforcement of any kind there were only families and clans that took it upon themselves to take revenge against those who may have inured or offended or killed one of their own. The idea of crime prevention was almost nonexistent in the early history of law enforcement and criminology. During the early history of policing, individual citizens were largely responsible for maintaining law and order among themselves. Those who served as a judge or jury did so voluntarily and were not paid for their services. This loosely-based system of social control worked quite well for centuries, particularly in more rural and less populated regions. However, the late 1700's and early 1800's saw a population explosion in major cities in the United States and England. Riots and civil unrest was common, and it became increasingly clear that there was a need for a more permanent and professional form of law enforcement that would carry the official authority of the government. The most powerful statement for a professional police force was Sir Robert Peel, a Minister of Parliament who served as Home Secretary for the United Kingdom in the 1820's. In 1829, Peel established the Metropolitan Police Services in London. With the founding of London's police force, Peel became regarded by criminologists and historians alike as the father of modern policing. British police...
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