...Changing lifestyle behaviour such as smoking, dietary habits and physical inactivity have always relied on information, expert advice and persuasion given by professionals within the field of health; to convince people to change behaviours (De vet et al, 2013; Li et al, 2015).However, this may be a good method for short term goals but over time using traditional approaches amongst health behaviour change have shown to be unsuccessful in the long term; giving advice generates resistance and telling patients what to do undermines their sense of autonomy (Delamater, 2006; De Vet et al. 2013; Hagger and Hardcastle, 2011). In certain areas such as obesity, treatment is also needed alongside the advice given (Hagger and Hardcastle, 2011); costing the NHS to date £6.4 billion and is on the rise according to the Department of Health (2011). Therefore, current lifestyle- based interventions such as the health belief model; the theory of planned behaviour; and social cognitive behaviour need evaluating to a better understanding of what is best for the...
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...Keywords: Health related behaviour, brief intervention, alcohol, stages of change, intervention mapping. ABSTRACT The health of people depends widely on their behaviour. Targeting unhealthy behaviours depends upon a number of factors since the health practitioner needs to take into account the beliefs, the intensity of the unhealthy behaviour, an individual’s readiness to change in order to design an appropriate intervention to help the individuals understand the risks of that particular behaviour thereby inducing change. Using alcohol consumption as a health related behavior, brief interventions for this behaviour have been explained, this is mainly due to the large success of brief interventions. Thus this essay critically discusses examples of brief interventions in order determine what contributes to a successful intervention. INTRODUCTION Every human’s health and well being is affected by health related behaviour often regarded as the foremost important element or factor. With the rapid advancement in science, diseases that were incurable, today can be treated and prevented easily. It is a well understood phenomenon that individuals are unique and are characterized by multidimensional behaviours. So in order to achieve positive outcomes in improving one’s health, appropriate behaviour needs to be promoted. There are variations in health-related behaviours in terms of duration, frequency and manner of impact on one’s health. Health-related behaviours can be single actions...
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...of 5 years old and 17 to 19% of 19 years old are overweight. This has been necessitated by the fact that the older/obese a child becomes the likelihood that the child will become obese in adulthood (Charlesworth, 2013). Thus, considering this became a matter of global concern. Further, studies have been done to ascertain the probability of a child becoming obese if not breastfed in the first six months. For a thorough comprehension of the topic, it was concluded that it is necessary to explore issues such as defining overweight and obesity for children, genetic predisposition to weight and obesity, behaviours that affect childhood overweight and obesity. Also, how breastfeeding aids in curbing obesity and overweight in children and how the role of a mother and family in preventing obesity and overweight in children is also addressed. Finally, recommendations were made regarding how childhood obesity can be curbed. This paper researches whether breastfeeding can play a critical role in the first six months in curbing childhood obesity. Defining Obesity and Overweight for Children Charlesworth (2013) confirms that overweight and obesity are terms that are employed interchangeably despite the fact that they do not mean the same. Cole (2013) simplifies the definition by opining that the body mass index comprises of body weight in kilograms, which is divided by height...
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...motivating behaviour change, influencing people, and promoting learning using various persuasive strategies [28, 29, 51]. Persuasive technologies (PTs) for health––which are designed as interventions with the primary purpose of changing a user’s behaviour or attitude without using coercion or deception [17, 50] have attracted the attention of researchers, physicians, and health practitioners as a novel approach for motivating desirable health behaviour using various persuasive strategies. Research has shown that persuasive technologies can be strategically designed to motivate desirable behaviour change; for example, to help people overcome addictive behaviours such...
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...N O R T H E R N T E R R I T O R Y D E PA R T M E N T O F H E A LT H Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 www.healthynt.nt.gov.au NT Department of Health Health Promotion Strategic Framework 2011 - 2015 Background This framework provides a structure for describing the type of health promotion actions that are used across the Northern Territory. It enables a shared understanding of the actions that can be taken to improve health and wellbeing. It also provides guidance about embedding a health promotion approach into all planning processes, programs and service development across the NT. While this framework is intended to be used within the health sector, we strongly encourage other sectors and agencies outside of the health domain to use the framework. This framework should be used in conjunction with health promotion audit tools and other health promotion resources available in the NT, such as the Public Health Bush Books and the Quality Improvement Program Planning System (QIPPS). It is also designed to be used as a guide, together with other local, regional and national frameworks, policies, strategies and resources. Why Health Promotion? The World Health Organisation (WHO) acknowledges the growing evidence that health promotion and preventive health approaches are effective in improving overall health and wellbeing, reducing the burden of chronic disease and injury, addressing health inequities, facilitating the better use of resources and enhancing...
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...Social cognitive theory From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |[pic] |This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to | | |reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (March 2010) | |Psychology | |[pic] | |Outline | |History | |Subfields | |Basic types | |Abnormal | |Biological | |Cognitive | |Comparative | |Cultural | |Differential | |Developmental | |Evolutionary | |Experimental ...
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...in society mainly due to social class and wealth differences. Often, those living in the poorest social economic conditions also suffer greatest from health problems, and when dealing with such issues, it is important to embrace a holistic definition of public health. Here, the adequate explanation would be to take public health as a science and art of disease prevention and health promotion as ways of prolonging life. In that regard, health needs assessments are important when tackling public health issues for communities. The assessments help to identify new health priorities to reflect changing social circumstances, and results from previous public health approaches. In addition, assessments help to realign health interventions with changes in demographics, given that individuals may not belong to only one community; they can join different communities at separate times of their lives (Hien, et al., 2010). Alcohol misuse as a contemporary health issue Alcohol misuse is a serious health problem in the United Kingdom (UK). The worsening problem occurs mainly as binge drinking or moderate drinking in the wrong circumstances. The potential addictiveness of alcohol arises from its psychoactive properties. Immediately after consumption, alcohol moves to the bloodstream and the victim quickly feels the alcohol effects on brain function. The...
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...theory can be defined as a systematic way of explaining a fact or an event. It refers to procedure that has been put forward empirically tested that explains a situation as a phenomena. Importance of Theory in Counselling Theories help a counselor to; • Explain the existence of a behaviour by understand if how it’s conceptualized, perpetuated and its manifestations. • Theories also help a counsellor to predict behaviour. The prediction of behaviour is quite important in the cases where a client manifests destructive behaviour. • Finally theories also help a counsellor to control behaviour. This is also important in cases where behaviours are destructive. Each theory has stipulated techniques which are meant to control behaviour. Types of Theories There are several types of theories which helps a counsellor to understand, predict and control behaviour. But for this course, emphasis will be placed on the following theories: • Psychological Theory • Behaviour Theory • Poison Centred Theory • Cognitive Behavioural Theory THE PSYCHOANALYTIC THEORY Background Before the development of the psychological view point in terms of understanding, the human behaviour, in the late 18th Century and Mid 19th Century by Mesmer, Dr. John Breur, Dr. Jean Charcot among others. Psychological disorders and disturbances was mainly looked at from the perspective of the demon existence and from poorly medical/biological point of view. However, some development...
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...Managing Human Resources Introduction In the essay, I will firstly discuss the relationships between perception, motivation and behaviour in relation to the work of the human resource manager in an organisation. In order to do this I will briefly introduce each subject, comment on the linkages that exist between each of them and comment on the critical aspects of each that HRMs need to understand in order to be effective. I will then discuss the management of perception. Human resources management is one of the most dynamic and challenging area of management (Bratton & Gold, 1999). Each individual has its own set of standard which clearly defines his or her personality .This can be influenced by the origin of culture and tradition mind set. In an organization structure perception, motivation and behaviour are three fundamental elements that lead to strong implementation of organization structure. The human resource department must have the mechanism to manage the three fundamental elements. If they are not managed properly it can have an adverse impact on the organization strategy. According to Leopold & Harris (2009) the foundation of human resource management is based on the five areas: • Staffing - Recruiting the right person with the right qualification, skills and experience to key positions. • Development and training - Development and training programme to ensure that staff has the right knowledge and skills to keep up with new development taking place in the working...
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...Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic theory posits that developmental change happens because internal drives and emotions influence behaviour. Freud argued that personality develops through a series of stages in which the energies are focused on certain erogenous areas (Kilborne, 2008). This psychosexual energy or libido is described as the driving force behind behaviour. On this basis, Freud developed his theory of Psychosexual development. In the development of his theories, Freud's main concern was with sexual desire, defined in terms of formative drives, instincts and appetites that result in the formation of an adult personality (Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2003). He also argued that personality has three parts. The Id is the part of the personality that is entirely unconscious and compromises a person’s basic sexual and aggressive impulses and it contains the libido and stimulates a person to gain pleasure immediately. Next, the Ego is the thinking element of the personality, located in the conscience, preconscious and unconscious mind. Lastly, the Superego is the part of personality that is the moral judge. The Ego is responsible for keeping the three components of personality in equilibrium. Freud’s patients had memories of sexual feelings which he saw as important to personality development. Based on his patients’ childhood memories, Freud proposed a series of psychosexual stages. The psychosexual stages of personality development through which humans move in a static order determined...
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...Davies (2004), there are number of factors which influences the consultation for diabetes patients amongst which the prominent ones include age, span of diabetes, the BMI, and measure of physical exercise. The glycaemic control remains the first and foremost target for every healthcare provider to enable insulin uptake in patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. Janes et al (2013) have highlighted the significance of daily routine and activities in management of type 2 diabetes. In view of the author, a person’s way of managing the disease is influenced by his own perspectives aside from the medications and medical consultation he is relying on. The personal beliefs, ideas, culture, and family factors play a role in shaping patient’s behaviour towards disease management. The HBA1C level for Mr Ward is 86mmol/L which is much higher...
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...Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Ontario Tobacco Research Unit November 2012 Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Suggested Citation: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit. Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report. Toronto: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, Special Report, November 2012. Ontario Tobacco Research Unit ii Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Acknowledgements Many people were involved in the preparation of this report. Key authors are Robert Schwartz, Shawn O’Connor, Alexey Babayan, Maritt Kirst, and Jolene Dubray. Marilyn Pope, David Ip, Pamela Kaufman, and Marian Smith provided editorial comments on an earlier draft and Sonja Johnston provided production assistance. The interpretation and opinions expressed in this report are the responsibility of the Principal Investigators of the Ontario Tobacco Research Unit (OTRU): Susan Bondy, University of Toronto K. Stephen Brown, University of Waterloo Joanna Cohen, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Toronto Roberta Ferrence, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health John M. Garcia, University of Waterloo Paul McDonald, University of Waterloo Robert Schwartz, University of Toronto, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Peter Selby, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, University of Toronto Ontario Tobacco Research Unit iii Smoke-Free Ontario Strategy Evaluation Report Table of Contents Acknowledgements...
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...help to bring about a desirable change in society. History has many examples that justify the greatness of the contribution of the youth towards the progress and upliftment of the country. Here in the Philippines, half of the population constitutes the youth and their vast energies and enthusiasm must not go untapped. It should be utilized for social, political, cultural or economic reconstruction. If their proper energies are not used, they can go astray, get involved in undesirable and antisocial attitudes, thus damaging the very fabric of society. As far as possible they should be encouraged to get involved in the present task of reconstructing of the country. Today's youth, in general, seem at first glance to be hard, sophisticated and wordy. On the whole, they is better educated than their\ parents were. There are more schools, more colleges and universities and more chances \for them to develop the best that is in them. They enjoy all the advantages of modern sci\ence, television, radio, faster and more efficient travel - all contribute to his urbanity.\ The youth should be educated at schools, colleges and universities in creating a society. A society that is free of the evils of dowry, child marriage, caste and rave prejudices. Many organizations are busy in eradicating these evils, but then the task can become easier if the youth are actively involved in the process. The youth can facilitate the process of reformation and...
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...According to Hall and Ross-Kerr (2006) teaching is an interactive process that promotes learning. Generally, teaching and learning begin when a person identifies a need for knowing or acquiring an ability to do something. A nurse, who embodies the role of a teacher provides information that prompts the client to engage in activities that lead to desired change. Teaching is most effective when it responds to the learner’s needs (Potter, Perry, Ross-Kerry, & Wood, 2006, p. 318). In this paper I will include an assessment of the learner, teacher, and resources with a teaching plan. I will provide evidence of implementation along with discussion of teaching material used in the presentation, including the rationale for its use. The paper will be able to clarify the description of the evaluation strategies as well as process and outcome evaluation. For the health teaching project paper I will interview Mrs. Patel, who is an immigrant from India and lives in Toronto GTA area with her two sons and in-laws. Mrs. Patel, who lost her husband 20 months ago, is 68 years old female diagnosed with diabetes two years ago with a family history of both parents who died from diabetes related complications. Mrs. Patel weighs 190 pounds and five feet three inches tall. Her health history includes high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Mrs. Patel is a physically inactive retired high school teacher, who is fond of eating Indian sweets and smokes one pack of cigarettes a day; she has a pack life...
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...Media and Young Children’s Learning VOL. 18 / NO. 1 / SPRING 2008 39 Media and Young Children’s Learning Heather L. Kirkorian, Ellen A. Wartella, and Daniel R. Anderson Summary Electronic media, particularly television, have long been criticized for their potential impact on children. One area for concern is how early media exposure influences cognitive development and academic achievement. Heather Kirkorian, Ellen Wartella, and Daniel Anderson summarize the relevant research and provide suggestions for maximizing the positive effects of media and minimizing the negative effects. One focus of the authors is the seemingly unique effect of television on children under age two. Although research clearly demonstrates that well-designed, age-appropriate, educational television can be beneficial to children of preschool age, studies on infants and toddlers suggest that these young children may better understand and learn from real-life experiences than they do from video. Moreover, some research suggests that exposure to television during the first few years of life may be associated with poorer cognitive development. With respect to children over two, the authors emphasize the importance of content in mediating the effect of television on cognitive skills and academic achievement. Early exposure to age-appropriate programs designed around an educational curriculum is associated with cognitive and academic enhancement, whereas exposure to pure entertainment, and violent content in particular...
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