How to Write a Characterisation

Theory:

Unlike people, literary characters are constructed out of very brief bits of information which readers are expected to use, like detectives, to fill out the missing parts. It's much like meeting a stranger at a party and using the stranger's clothing, vocabulary, taste in music, and a few bits of information to imagine her/his whole personality. We usually do it unconsciously, but close reading asks exactly how the author uses those little scraps of text to "paint" the character.
Novelist E.M. Forster suggested that we could distinguish between "round" and "flat" characters.
Round characters are more fully represented, and seem as complex as real people. They can grow, learn, and even mature from children into adulthood during the plot, and they also can feel pain or joy which the audience tends to empathize with rather than feeling distanced from their emotions.
Flat characters are usually suggested to us with less information, often drawing upon common prejudices which many readers can be depended on to hold. Flat characters don't grow or learn more than simple bits of information, and they never mature.
Some kinds of famous, usually ancient "flat" characters are called "type" characters, in that they serve as enduring models for character construction. ‘Adam and Eve’, ‘the trickster and the fool’,’ the braggart soldier’ and ‘Robin Hood’, all have a long history and represent ‘types’ most readers would know.

What is a character and a characterisation? * A character is a “person” in a literary work.
Characters have moral and psychological features that make them human in some way or another. We often think of characters as being either flat or round.
Flat characters are one-dimensional; they act stereotypically or expectedly.
Round characters, on the other hand, are more complex in their make-up;