...The English Reformation has a history of its own; a series of numerous events that brought about a reshaping of the Church, a paradigm shift in peoples understanding of ministry, as well as some other critical theological beliefs. And so it is also widely considered as the turning point for Christianity in England because it brought along reformed ideas, thoughts and ways of doing things, not only in the church, but also in England. A new dawn had come. The English Reformation is also remembered for the political ambitions and struggles which juxtaposed side by side with the theological and spiritual issues of the time. There were hot debate, burnings at the stake, organized coups, charges of treason and heresy and divorces which polluted the air. The history of the English Reformation certainly does not make for bedtime stories, nevertheless it is what it is and Christianity in England consequently took a dramatic turn of events. When we think of the Anglican Communion we think of the Book of Common Prayer and when turn the pages we can do nothing else but think of the scholar, priest and revolutionist who created it, Thomas Cranmer. Out of the smoke of the reformation arose the Archbishop of Canterbury, Thomas Cranmer (1489-1556). Cranmer, amongst many is one of the iconic figures who helped influence Christian church history, and is often referred to as the ‘Architect of Church of England.’ In particular, Cranmer’s most noted contribution came to the surface during the...
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...Professor Gardenour Interpretive Essay The Reformation During the Middle Ages, the Catholic Church was full of corruption and blasphemy that was criticized by many in Europe. One of the many acts of corruption that occurred during this time was the selling of indulgences by the church which basically freed people of sins and bought salvation after death. Although many people bought these indulgences and followed the words of the Pope, Martin Luther was not one of these people. Martin Luther was a very dedicated and educated monk who taught at the University of Wittenberg. His deep concern for the church led him to write the Ninety- Five These which simply stated ninety- five points of debate against the actions of the Catholic Church at the time. He posted these arguments in Latin on the Castle Church in Wittenberg on October 31, 1517 with the intention of keeping the issues within the hands of the church officials and holding a lively debate with his colleagues. Martin Luther had no idea at the time that this piece of writing would end up being the catalyst to the entire Protestant Reformation. This is due to the fact that although the Ninety- Five These is written about indulgencies, it provides overall commentary about the true fairness and power of the church along with what should be done by the church. One of the main points made within the Ninety- Five These is the worthlessness of indulgencies. Indulgencies promised people salvation and forgiveness of sin if bought...
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...LIBERTY UNIVERSITY Henry VIII and the English Reformation A PAPER SUBMITTED TO Dr. Gregory Tomlin IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSE CHHI 525 LIBERTY BAPTIST THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY BY DAVID E. ROBERTS LYNCHBURG, VIRGINIA SUNDAY, MARCH 8, 2014 Table of Contents Introduction: Henry VIII and the English Reformation………….................................................. 3 Prince Henry VIII and His Character Development....................................................................... 3 King Henry VIII…......................................................................................................................... 6 The Wives of Henry VIII………………………………………………....................................... 8 The Rule of the Crown and the Church of England……............................................................. 12 Conclusion……………………………………………………..……………………………….. 14 Bibliography...……...………..………......................................................................................... 16 ii Introduction: Henry VIII and the English Reformation The study of Henry VIII and the reformation in England continues to fascinate scholars and historians alike. Recent attention has even been given by Hollywood in the production of “The Other Boleyn Girl,” a major motion picture depicting the lives of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn. Obviously Hollywood isn’t a suitable source for a scholarly inspection of such a historical event, but the existence...
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...Name: ____________________ Period: _____ APWH WORKBOOK Unit Four: 1450 to 1750 CE “The Early Modern Period” Due Date: _________ Score: ____/30 [pic] This packet will guide you through the fourth unit in AP World History and prepare you for the reading quizzes, vocabulary quizzes, essays, and the unit test on January ___, 2010 You must complete ALL of the pages in the workbook by yourself to get credit; incomplete or incorrect work will result in a zero for the whole packet. Unit 4 Vocabulary Terms Quiz #1 1. Scientific Revolution (p. 410) 2. heliocentrism (p. 410) 3. sacrament (p. 396) 4. Renaissance (p. 405) 5. bourgeoisie (p. 413) 6. republic (p. 422) 7. Protestant Reformation (p. 406) 8. Jesuit (p. 409) 9. joint-stock companies (p. 415) 10. mercantilism (p. 468) Quiz #2 1. caravel (p. 384) 2. conquistadors (p. 394) 3. Columbian Exchange (p. 431) 4. maritime (p. 402) 5. manumission . (p.467) 6. coerced labor systems (p.475) 7. plantation cash crop (p.470) 8. tariffs (p.469) 9. indigenous (p.393) 10. encomiendas (p. 439) 11. serfs (p.529) 12. mestizo (pp. 442 – 45) Historical Thinking Skills: Periodization, Causation, Contextualization Timeline Exercise: Annotate the timeline with two facts about the important effects of each event Unit 3: 1450–1750 (Early Modern) 1453 Ottomans captured Constantinople;...
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...certify that, apart from the guidance provided by my supervisor and the references cited in the text and bibliography, this dissertation is the sole work of Janine Scambler and has not been previously submitted as part of the assessment requirements for any academic reward. Signed: Contents Abstract 3 Introduction 4 Chapter 1: Visual Culture 8 Chapter 2: Ancient Practices 21 Chapter 3: Beliefs and Superstition 30 Conclusion 41 Bibliography 43 Appendix 56 Abstract This dissertation will demonstrate cultural changes in England through the period c.700-1660. The changes studied will focus on visual sources, or visual culture; ancient practices, or festivals and the cult of saints; and superstition and belief. It will show how changes occurred around political and religious change, and that different areas were affected by different factors. Introduction This dissertation will assess the extent to which ancient beliefs and practices survived the introduction of Christianity and their subsequent development in England. This will be achieved through the study of visual culture; the survival of ancient practices; and an investigation into superstition and the changing acceptance of witchcraft. Visual Culture will be used to group together several different areas, for instance knot work and grotesques in architecture and manuscripts. Other artefacts such as The Franks Casket will also be investigated. Ancient culture will be defined as an umbrella term covering...
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...Student Name:The cJaclyn Mckneeas Date Submitted: 1/25/2014 Class: HUM/130 – Religions of The World. Instructor: Chad Schuchmann Assignment: Final Exam Total Point Value: 200 points Directions: Type your answers to each question in the gray space. The spaces will expand as you type to allow as much room as necessary to answer the questions. There are seven sections to this exam. Please make sure you complete all seven sections. This is an open book exam. It is not an open internet exam. I will check for copied information from the internet. Use of the internet (aka copied or paraphrased) will result in a grade of zero for the entire exam. Locked Document: This is a locked document. Please do not unlock and modify any portion of this document. Use only the gray areas to provide your answers. I. True/False: 2 points each (10) Click on the gray box and highlight correct answer to indicate each statement as either true or false. 1. Buddhists worship the statue of the Buddha 2. Hinduism is the only religion that believes in reincarnation 3. Abraham is important in all of the Monotheistic traditions (Judaism, Christianity and Islam) 4. Hinduism developed in response to Buddhism 5. Judaism and Christianity both revere the Pentateuch, Nevi’im, and Ketuvim II. Matching: 2 points each (20) Click on the gray box and select the religion which BEST matches with the term listed. It is possible that the same religion may be used as more than one answer...
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...The Tudors: A Very Short Introduction VERY SHORT INTRODUCTIONS are for anyone wanting a stimulating and accessible way in to a new subject. They are written by experts, and have been published in more than 25 languages worldwide. The series began in 1995, and now represents a wide variety of topics in history, philosophy, religion, science, and the humanities. Over the next few years it will grow to a library of around 200 volumes- a Very Short Introduction to everything from ancient Egypt and Indian philosophy to conceptual art and cosmology. Very Short Introductions available now: ANCIENT P H I L O S O P H Y Julia Annas THE ANGLO-SAXON AGE John Blair ANIMAL RIGHTS David DeGrazia ARCHAEOLOGY Paul Bahn ARCHITECTURE Andrew Ballantyne ARISTOTLE Jonathan Barnes ART HISTORY Dana Arnold ARTTHEORY Cynthia Freeland THE HISTORYOF ASTRONOMY Michael Hoskin ATHEISM Julian Baggini AUGUSTINE HenryChadwick BARTHES Jonathan Culler THE B I B L E John Riches BRITISH POLITICS Anthony Wright BUDDHA Michael Carrithers BUDDHISM DamienKeown CAPITALISM James Fulcher THE CELTS Barry Cunliffe CHOICETHEORY Michael Allingham CHRISTIAN ART Beth Williamson CLASSICS Mary Beard and John Henderson CLAUSEWITZ Michael Howard THE COLD WAR Robert McMahon CONTINENTAL PHILOSOPHY Simon Critchley COSMOLOGY Peter Coles CRYPTOGRAPHY Fred Piper and Sean Murphy DADAAND SURREALISM David Hopkins DARWIN Jonathan Howard DEMOCRACY Bernard Crick DESCARTES TomSorell DRUGS Leslie Iversen TH E EARTH Martin Redfern EGYPTIAN...
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...This essay will define the theological methodology embodying the Wesleyan Quadrilateral and some key components of how comprehensible his argument that evangelical theology is the ‘drama of gospelizing’. Included are some key areas where the Wesleyan Quadrilateral mirrors to a great extent many similarities of Birds theology and some differences. WESLEYAN QUADRILATERAL The term ‘Wesleyan Quadrilateral’ devised by Albert Outler in the 1960’s, with its fourfold reference, is a good deal more refined and ‘preserves the primacy of Scripture, profits from the wisdom of tradition, accepts the disciplines of critical reason and its stress on the Christian experience of grace, and gives it a pragmatic experience.’ These four sources lead a believer to be a worshiper and to serve God with maturity. (After all, worship is the ultimate goal of God’s Mission.) Primarily, Scripture serves as the primary source for theological reflection and is the foundation and centrepiece for the other three sources. Secondly, Tradition is considered as an experience of the witness of development and growth of faith through the nations and various cultures but notwithstanding the writings of the early church fathers. Wesley also maintained that right reason and interpretation would never result in inconsistency. Oden supports this statement, adding, until one has a right mind set and understanding is attained divine matters cannot be apprehended. Yong and Wesley agree in part on the basic Spirit grounding...
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...Running head: GLOBAL BUSINESS CULTURAL ANALYSIS: TURKEY Abstract A global business cultural analysis is a tool used in order for one to become more familiar with a culture, more attune to the implications that the culture has on the business conducted by the people group of the culture, and more aware of the attitudinal and behavioral implications a member of a different culture should expect when working with members of the people group. In exploring the varying cultural elements, one examines the role and perception of women, the role and influence of religion, and the role and perspective of time. The cultural elements have an impact on business that should be considered by a U.S. American seeking to conduct business with members of this people group. Global Business Cultural Analysis: Turkey Primary sources serve to provide a foundation for definitions when pursuing a research project. They are also beneficial for defining terms and establishing reasons behind why one might pursue a particular research topic. When beginning a global business cultural analysis, it is important to understand what is meant by the term culture. Hofstede defines culture as “the collective programming of the mind that distinguishes the members of one group or category of people from another” (Hofstede, 2001, p. 9). The people group focus for this study is the members of the Republic of Turkey. Though the culture in Turkey differs from that of other people groups around the world, this...
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...1 How to answer questions on the Tudors Section A Essays: How far do the sources agree that? Introduction: Explain what you can learn from each source Briefly cross reference the sources Provide an argument in response to the question Main paragraphs: State a similarity or difference between the sources – make sure you focus on ‘How Far’ Select relevant information from the sources to support this point Place this in context using your brief own knowledge Use provenance to explain this similarity/difference Conclusion: Sum up how far the sources agree based on content and provenance Section B Essays: Do you agree with the view that? Introduction: State your line of argument – how far do you agree with the view? State the main similarities and differences between the sources Main paragraphs: State a reason for yes/no. Make sure you phrase this in a way that links to your line of argument and answers the question. Remember that each source will suggest a different reason for yes/no. Support this reason with evidence from the sources and your own knowledge Cross-reference between the sources Weigh up the evidence of the sources. Consider provenance for primary sources and judge secondary sources based on the evidence included and the weight given to certain evidence Link back to your line of argument Conclusion: Explain how your argument has been proven with reference to the sources and your own knowledge Unit 2 – Pre-Reformation Church...
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...AP EUROPEAN HISTORY NOTES- Filled with silliness and inside jokes, enjoy at your leisure :) If something is in [] brackets, it is only written in there for our pleasure, ignore it if you are looking for actual information. Key: • 7: The Renaissance and Reformation- 1350-1600 UMSUniversal o Georgio Vasari- Rinascita=rebirth (like Renaissance) painter/architect Male Suffrage o Individualism: People sought to receive personal credit for achievements, unlike medieval ideal of “all glory goes to god” Names Ideas o Renaissance: Began in Italian city-states, a cause de invention of the printing press, laid way for Protestant Reformation Events Books/Texts Italy: City states, under HRE (Holy Roman Empire) o For alliances: old nobility vs. wealthy merchants FIGHT P-Prussia Popolo: third class, “the people”, wanted own share of wealth/power R-Russia A-Austria Ciompi Revolts: 1378 Florence, Popolo were revolting [eew], brief period of control over government B-Britain Milan taken over by signor (which is a tyrant) • o Under control of the Condottiero (mercenary) Sforza- Significant because after this, a few wealthy families dominated Venice (e.g. Medici) Humanism: Francesco Petrarch (Sonnets), came up with term “Dark Ages”, began to study classical world of rhetoric and literature Cicero: Important Roman, provided account of collapse of Roman Republic [like Edward Gibbon], invented Ciceronian style: Latin style of writing...
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...World History Dr. Mahdavi History 101 Fall 2012 Study Guide For Mid-Term Examination The examination will consist of 5 essay questions of which one is mandatory to write upon (40 points). You may choose any other two to write about (30 points each) for a total of 100 points 93 - 100 A 73 - 76 C 90 - 92 A- 70 - 72 C- 87 - 89 B+ 67 - 69 D+ 83 - 86 B 63 - 66 D 80 - 82 B- 60 - 62 D- 77 - 79 C+ 59 or below F=0 In reviewing for the examination, focus your study on the following general topics: 1) 1.Examine the centralizing efforts in countries like France, Spain, and England. How and in what ways were they successful? Why was the Holy Roman Empire not as successful as other European states in centralizing power? 1. 2) Examine the career of Martin Luther. 1:What were the foundations of his Reformation? 2: What legacy did he leave Europe? (Bentley & Zeigler, Chap. 23) A: 1: POLITICAL INTRIGUES, COMBINED WITH THE CHURCH’S GROWING WEALTH AND POWER, ALSO FOSTERED GREED AND CORRUPTION, WHICH UNDERMINED THE CHURCH’S SPIRITUAL AUTHORITY AND MADE IT VALNERABLE TO CRITISISM. 2: IT LED TO THE CHURCH REFORM ALONG TO LUTHERS TEACHINGS, WHICH MANY CITIES PASSED LAWS PROHIBITING ROMAN CATHOLIC OBSERVANCES AND REQUIRING RELIGIOUS SERVICES TO FOLLOW PROTESTANT DOCTRINE AND PROCEDURE. 3) Learn about the Scientific Revolution and 1:why the early discoveries of the Scientific Revolution met with such resistance? 2:...
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...WRITING ASSIGNMENT 1 1. To what did the Latin religio refer? a) The Latin word L. religionem (nom. Religio) is defined as “a respect for what is scared, reverence for the gods”, and according to the text refers to the fear or awe a person feels in the presence of a spirit or a god. 2. Taoism and Confucianism are nontheistic religions, that is, religions for which belief in God or gods is nonessential. While gods are not alien to either Taoism or Confucianism, belief in/of gods is not central to either tradition. What are a couple of other religions that can be called nontheistic religions? a) A few additional examples of some nontheistic religions are Agnosticism, Atheism, Buddhism, Secular Humanism and Scientology. 3. What is Paul Tillich's definition for religion, and why do Hopfe and Woodward consider its development too broad? a) Paul Tillich defines religion as, “that which is of ultimate concern”. Hopfe and Woodward consider the development of Tillich’s definition of religion too broad for a world religions course because a philosophical exploration of Tillich’s definition of religion, yields many an individuals personal belief of what is of ultimate concern hardly lending to the general understanding of popular or mainstream religions they hope to accomplish in this text. 4. Explain E. B. Tylor's theory concerning the origin and evolution of religion. What is animism, and to what, "ultimately" and "finally," did Tylor think it evolved? a) E.B. Tylor’s theory...
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...of Solitude By William Deresiewicz What does the contemporary(當代的) self-want? The camera has created a culture of celebrity; the computer is creating a culture of connectivity. As the two technologies converge — broadband(寬頻) tipping (使傾斜/輕拍) the Web from text to image, social-networking sites spreading the mesh(網絲)of interconnection(互相連)絡ever wider (前所未有的寬度發展)— the two cultures betray(露出…跡象)a common impulse(衝動). Celebrity and connectivity are both ways of becoming known. This is what the contemporary self wants. It wants to be recognized, wants to be connected: It wants to be visible. If not to the millions(數百萬), on Survivor(倖存者) or Oprah, then to the hundreds, on Twitter or Facebook. This is the quality that validates(使有效) us, this is how we become real to ourselves — by being seen by others. The great contemporary terror is anonymity匿名者. If Lionel Trilling美國文學評論家was right, if the property(财产/所有权) that grounded (打基础) the self, in Romanticism(浪漫主义 , was sincerity(真实), and in modernism it was authenticity(真实性), then in postmodernism it is visibility. * So we live exclusively(排外地) in relation to(about) others, and what disappears from(从…处消失) our lives is solitude. Technology is taking away our privacy and our concentration, but it is also taking away our ability to be alone. Though I shouldn't say taking away. We are doing this to ourselves; we are discarding(丢弃) these riches as fast as we can. I was told by one of her older relatives that a teenager I know had sent 3,000...
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...A BRIEF OUTLINE OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ENGLISH LITERARY (STANDARD) LANGUAGE ( From: I.R.Galperin. Stylistics. Moscow: Higher School, 1977. pp. 41-57) Up till now we have done little more than mention the literary (standard) language, which is one of the most important notions in stylistics and general linguistics. It is now necessary to elucidate this linguistic notion by going a little deeper into what constitutes the concept and to trace the stages in the development of the English standard language. This is necessary in order to avoid occasional confusion of terms differently used in works on the history, literature and style of the English language. Confusion between the terms "literary language" and "language of literature" is frequently to be met. Literary language is a historical category. It exists as a variety of the national language.' "It must be remembered," said A. M. Gorki, "that language is the creation of the people. The division of the language into literary and vernacular only means that there are, as it were, a rough unpolished tongue and one wrought by men-of-letters."1 The literary language is that elaborated form (variety) of the national language which obeys definite morphological, phonetic, syntactical, lexical, phraseological and stylistic norms2 recognized as standard and therefore acceptable in all kinds and types of discourse. It allows modifications but within the frame work of the system of established norms. It casts out some...
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