...GOVERNMENT OF INDIA MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE (DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE & COOPERATION) DIRECTORATE OF MARKETING & INSPECTION BRANCH HEAD OFFICE NAGPUR MRPC-70 1 POST-HARVEST PROFILE OF SUNFLOWER CONTENTS Page No. 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 1.2 2.0 Origin Importance 4-5 4 5 6-9 6 7 9 10-36 10 10 11 14 14 25 25 26 27 29 31 32 33 PRODUCTION 2.1 2.2 2.3 Major producing countries in the world Major producing states in India Zone-wise major commercial varieties 3.0 POST-HARVEST MANAGENENT 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Post-harvest losses Harvesting care Post-harvest equipments Grading 3.4.1 Grade specifications 3.4.2 Adulterants and toxins 3.4.3 Grading at producers’ level and under Agmark 3.5 3.6 3.7 Packaging Transportation Storage 3.7.1 Major storage pests and their control measures 3.7.2 Storage structures 3.7.3 Storage facilities i) Producers’ storage ii) Rural godowns iii) Mandi godowns iv) Central Warehousing Corporation v) State Warehousing Corporations vi) Co-operatives 3.7.4 Pledge finance system 36 Page No. 2 4.0 MARKETING PRACTICES AND CONSTRAINTS 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Assembling (Major assembling markets) 4.1.1 Arrivals 4.1.2 Despatches Distribution 4.2.1 Inter-state movement Export and import 4.3.1 Sanitary and Phyto-Sanitary requirements 4.3.2 Export procedures Marketing constraints 37-45 37 38 39 39 39 40 43 44 45 46-48 46 48 50-53 54-56 54 55 55 56 58-63 58 61 63 66-68 66 68 70-71 72-73 5.0 MARKETING CHANNELS, COSTS AND MARGINS 5.1 5.2 Marketing channels...
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...Review of Warehouse Receipt System and Inventory Credit Initiatives in Eastern & Southern Africa Final report commissioned by UNCTAD under the All ACP Agricultural Commodities Programme (AAACP) *The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations September 2009 CONTENTS CONTENTS ............................................................................................................................................. i ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .....................................................................................................................iii GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. iv GLOSSARY OF ABBREVIATIONS .................................................................................................. iv SUMMARY ............................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Observations on the different approaches ......................................................................... 1 Policy conclusions and recommendations ........................................................................ 3 Specific proposals .....................................................................
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...1 In memory of Skip and Mary Dickinson For Quintin and Griffin And for Louise Dennys, with thanks ‘Most of you, I am sure, remember the tragic circumstances of the death of Geoffrey Clifton at Gilf Kebir, followed later by the disappearance of his wife, Katharine Clifton, which took place during the 1939 desert expedition in search of Zerzura. “I cannot begin this meeting tonight without referring very sympathetically to those tragic occurrences. “The lecture this evening ...” From the minutes of the Geographical Society meeting of November 194-, London I The Villa SHE STANDS UP in the garden where she has been working and looks into the distance. She has sensed a shift in the weather. There is another gust of wind, a buckle of noise in the air, and the tall cypresses sway. She turns and moves uphill towards the house, climbing over a low wall, feeling the first drops of rain on her bare arms. She crosses the loggia and quickly enters the house. In the kitchen she doesn’t pause but goes through it and climbs the stairs which are in darkness and then continues along the long hall, at the end of which is a wedge of light from an open door. She turns into the room which is another garden—this one made up of trees and bowers painted over its walls and ceiling. The man lies on the bed, his body exposed to the breeze, and he turns his head slowly towards her as she enters. Every four days she washes his black body, beginning at the destroyed feet. She wets a washcloth...
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...reassuring to know that many professionals undergo these same strange compulsions before they begin writing. Jean Kerr, author of Please Don’t Eat the Daisies, admits that she often finds herself in the kitchen reading soup-can labels—or anything—in order to prolong the moments before taking pen in hand. John C. Calhoun, vice president under Andrew Jackson, insisted he had to plow his fields before he could write, and Joseph Conrad, author of Lord Jim and other novels, is said to have cried on occasion from the sheer dread of sitting down to compose his stories. To spare you as much hand-wringing as possible, this chapter presents some practical suggestions on how to begin writing your short essay. Although all writers must find the methods that work best for them, you may find some of the following ideas helpful. But no matter how you actually begin putting words on paper, it is absolutely essential to maintain two basic ideas concerning your writing task. Before you write a single sentence, you should always remind yourself that 1. You have some valuable ideas to tell your reader, and 2. More than anything, you want to communicate those ideas to your reader. These reminders may seem obvious to you, but without a solid commitment to your own opinions as well as to your reader, your prose will be lifeless and boring. If you don’t care about your subject, you can’t very well expect anyone else to. Have confidence that your ideas are worthwhile and that your reader genuinely...
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