...RUNNING HEAD: HOWARD GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 1 Howard Gardner: Human Development and Education “Thinking about Thinking” University of St. Thomas School of Education Counselor Education Cohort Program Submitted by: Carolyn Assaad, B.A. School Counseling Candidate Submitted to: Dr. Roman Alvarez, LPC-S, NCC, ACS, LMFT, LSOTP, FAPA, MTAPA Summer I, 2012 RUNNING HEAD: HOWARD GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 2 Abstract This paper explores the following: 1) discusses Howard Gardner’s philosophy of education and background; 2) discusses qualities that make him an educational leader including the relevance of his work; 3) examines his theory of multiple intelligences and its relevance in education; 4) addresses pros and cons of his theory and 5) discusses the influence he has had on education in the United States. Implications for current issues in education and counseling are addressed with regards to the theory presented. RUNNING HEAD: HOWARD GARDNER’S MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES 3 Background and Philosophy In the 1960’s Howard Gardner was a graduate student in Psychology at Harvard University. He was trained as a developmental psychologist so he was concerned with the nature of human organisms and the stages and laws of cognition as well as the stages of moral judgment and aesthetic evaluation. He had the opportunity to study under individuals such as psychoanalyst...
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...Multiple Intelligences Theory: alvin almonte "It's not how smart you are that matters, what really counts is how you are smart." ~ Howard Gardner Have you ever sat in a class where you thought to yourself how much more you would get out of it if the teacher would incorporate something visual along with his/her lecture? Is the instructor aware that you may learn more effectively by looking at visuals rather than simply listening to him/her lecture for an hour? Or maybe it would help if you could physically create something in order to understand the subject that was being discussed? What is your primary intelligence? Let's find out: (click here). How can the knowledge of your personal learning style help you to become more knowledgeable? Can you utilize this knowledge both in and out of the classroom? Whatever your personal learning style is, chances are that it is part of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory. Howard Gardner, Ph.D is the founding father of the Multiple Intelligences Theory. Formerly a Senior Co-Director of Harvard University's Project Zero, Howard Gardner's proposed his theory of multiple intelligences in his 1983 book, Frames of Mind. Project Zero, established at Harvard University's Graduate School of Education in 1967, continues to "help create communities of reflective, self-directed learners, to encourage the pursuit of deep understanding within and across disciplines, and to promote critical and creative thinking" (9). Gardner's pluralistic...
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... However if asked many people can not define “intelligence”. Sternberg and Detterman in 1986 asked a large number of theorists what intelligence means. They were not able to find two persons to give them the same definition, though all the theorists asked stated that intelligence is the ability of an individual to learn and remember things. Therefore the individual will also will be able to use his knowledge and even put them into practice to solve certain tasks.(Martin et. al. 2010). The modern ideas of intelligence have been formed just before the end of the nineteenth century. This was possible due to work of to important people in psychology; the French Alfred Binet and the English Francis Galton. Alfred Binet was instructed by the French Ministry of Public Instruction to create and develop an intelligence test to check the level of intelligence of children found in the schools. The purpose of this test was to find if the children will perform the intelligence tests designed for their age and if they are up to the level of intelligence they should be at their age. Another important matter of this tests was to find that if there are any children that did not reach the level of intelligence they should have and if those need special education. Therefore in 1905 Binet and Theodore Simon created the Binet-Simon scale, which was the first intelligence test, actually was the base on the development pyramid of intelligence tests.(Maltby et. al. 2010). Charles Spearman...
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...Intelligence Grand Canyon University Psy 357 July 5, 2014 Intelligence There are many definitions of intelligence as well as many are experts who study it. Intelligence is the ability to learn about, learn from, understand, and interact with one’s own environment. There are many abilities that a person should have that support intelligence. A person should have the ability to adapt to a new environment or adapt to changes in their current environment. They should be able to retain knowledge. They should have the ability to reason with others and maintain relationships. They should also be capable to produce their own thoughts. There are many other abilities that could be listed, but they would all be abilities allowing a person to learn about, learn from, understand, and interact with one's own environment. Environment includes a person’s immediate surroundings such as one's family, the workplace, or a classroom. Intelligence is one of the most talked about subjects within psychology. There is no one definition of what exactly intelligence is. Some researchers have suggested that intelligence is a single ability, while others believe that intelligence is a range of skills and abilities. Howard Gardner's Theory Let's look at Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Gardner did not focus on analyzing test scores, instead he proposed that numerical expressions of human intelligence was not a full and accurate depiction of people's abilities...
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...MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES? | |The topic that I have chosen is Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. The theory of multiple intelligences was proposed by Howard Gardner in 1983 as a model of intelligence that differentiates intelligence in to various specific modalities, rather than seeing it as dominated by a single general ability. Gardner argues that there is a wide range of cognitive abilities, and that there are only very weak correlations among them. For example, the theory predicts that a child who learns to multiply easily is not necessarily generally more intelligent than a child who has more difficulty on this task. They may best learn to multiply through a different approach, and may excel in a field outside of mathematics, or may even be looking at and understanding the multiplication process at a fundamentally deeper level, or perhaps as an entirely different process. Gardner, Howard (1993) It is vital to realize that a student’s capability can’t solely be judged according to the student’s academic performance. It is the duty of educators, parents, and others who work with the youth in our schools to understand that a student’s capability should be based upon their individual learning style. This learning style is affected and determined by many factors in a student’s life; one of them however, is the unique and individual make-up of one’s brain. For this reason, many educators have looked to Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences to help them...
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...a Little Help from…Howard Gardner? The Testing of Multiple Intelligences It is the first day of school at H.G. Elementary School. At recess, Bobby organizes a game of tag, while Suzy stands awkwardly against the wall; but come Sunday morning, Suzy is the star of the dance recital. Sarah can ace her spelling test if she creates a rhythmic pattern to each word but just cannot seem to solve story-problems in math. Jayden never needs a calculator to add, subtract, multiply, or divide but hates music because he just cannot seem to stay with the beat. Maribeth excels in history, and absorbs what she reads like a sponge, while Jessica prefers art and has pieces in the up-coming exhibit. Spencer takes care of the classroom’s terrarium and is a whiz with keeping the environment just right for the frogs, turtle, and lizards. Reed is a bit quiet and keeps to himself, which is no wonder since he is always thinking about the meaning of life and really enjoys reading about the great philosophers. While these examples seem completely normal for everyday life, they actually illustrate Howard Gardner’s theory on multiple intelligences. Howard Gardner developed his theory on multiple intelligences which differentiated intelligence into eight areas rather than a singular, all-or-nothing intelligence. That is to say that to be considered intelligent, one could excel in any of the eight areas and no one area would be superior to another. Gardner’s eight types of intelligence are: musical, visual-spatial...
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...Gardner Intelligence paper PSY/300 1/16/2012 Erika Redmond Ayanaw Gardner Intelligence paper The Multiple Intelligence Theory was proposed by psychologist Howard Gardner in1983. His view on intelligence is “an ability or set of abilities that is used to solve problems or fashion products that are of consequence in a particular cultural setting” (Kowalski & Westen, 2009, Chapter eight). Gardner came up with an exercise to recognize the existence of multiple form of intelligence: Instead of asking “How smart are you?” try asking “How are you smart?” smart?” (Kowalski & Westen, 2009, Chapter eight). Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences “identifies eight intelligences: musical, bodily/kinesthetic (such as the control over the body and movement that distinguishes great athletes and dancers), spatial (the use of mental maps), linguistic or verbal, logical/mathematical, naturalist, intrapersonal (self-understanding), and interpersonal (social skills)” (Kowalski & Westen, 2009, Chapter eight). With this theory in mind each of the eight intelligences would have to be tested. Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligence conflicts with the traditional IQ test because a person can have high intelligence in area and still display great skill at something despite having low intelligence in another area. For example, a person with high logical/mathematical may be a great accountant despite only having only average interpersonal intelligence. The traditional measures of IQ...
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...Title: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences Name: Markeesha Eckols Course: Psy 300 Due Date: 4/23/2012 Instructor: Carlton Bowden The Theory of Multiple Intelligences In Gardner’s book “Frames of Minds” he argues that all humans are born with a multiplicity of intelligences. He suggested that with these intelligences; we can or should be developed by society to achieve great individual accomplishment and fulfill greater social goals. This theory of multiple intelligences has been divided into eight different categories; Linguistic, musical, logical, spatial, bodily kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal and naturalist (Gardner 1983). In Gardner’s opinion; seven kinds of intelligence would allow seven ways to teach, rather than one and powerful constraints that exist in the mind can be mobilized to introduce a particular concept (or whole system of thinking) in a way that children are most likely to learn it and least likely to distort it (Gardner 1983). Gardner was one of the first to teach us that we should not judge and develop people (especially children, young people, and people at the beginnings of their careers) according to an arbitrary and narrow definition of intelligence (Gardner 1983). We must instead rediscover and promote the vast range of capabilities that have a value in life and then set out valuing people for who they are, what they can be, and helping them to grow and fulfill their...
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...- marking guide Your name|Thuy Dinh|Topic: The Multiple Intelligences Theory| Assessment Scale|Naïve(1)|Novice (2)|Satisfactory (3)|Good(4-5)|Mark| Presentation (incl structure of report) (5 marks)· Clear introduction, appropriate structure, readability· Presentation quality and attention to detail|||||5| Content (12 marks): research and conceptual understanding - using Blooms rubric below() · Identifies key elements of topic (2)· Critical (evidence based) analysis of elements of theory (6)· Appropriate selection of literature (3)· Correct referencing style (2)|||||10| Reflective process – add text below (3 marks) · Critically examine the study process (see below)|||||3| Reflections – students add details in shaded sections below: 1. Identify the process that you undertook to answer the topic: My process includes viewing Howard Gardner’s discussion to find out key points, searching literature to have a clear awareness about the question and Gardner’s points, applying these points to organizational activities, especially educational institutions and evaluating whether these points are appropriate| 2. What (if anything) would you do differently? Nothing| 3. What is the key issue in the topic you selected? The key issue in my paper is implementing the Multiple Intelligences Theory in educational issue.| 4. What (if anything) else did you need to know to answer the question more fully? The Multiple Intelligences Theory focuses on effects to educational institutions, however...
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...Operant Conditioning and Howard Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences Operant conditioning involves operant behavior-responses that an organism makes to produce an effect on the environment. The concept of operant conditioning was introduced in 1938 by B.F. Skinner. The principles of operant conditioning can be used to modify an existing behavior, either an undesirable behavior that you would like to eliminate or a desirable behavior that you would like to strengthen. The desirable behavior that I have decided to strengthen is the regularity of which I exercise. I will generate a plausible explanation for why the problem exists, describe one reason why I want to change the behavior, and provide one benefit that the change will bring. To conclude part A of my assignment, I will provide a carefully designed program for strengthening the behavior, making sure to include all relevant conditioning principles incorporated within my plan; which will include the use of positive and negative re-enforcers, and shaping. In part B, I will design a series of test items that would indicate the difference intelligences according to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences. I will provide one original of how you would test each of the eight differences. Howard Gardner developed a theory of multiple intelligences in (1983, 2004) according to Gardner there are eight different types of intelligence. Each of the eight intelligence is distinct from the others...
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...Intelligence Critique Intelligence Critique The two types of theories that will be critique in this paper will be Sternberg’s triarchic of intelligence, and Gardner’s eight frames of e mind. Intelligence is the ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills. Sternberg’s triarchic of intelligence states that intelligence comes in three forms analytical intelligence, creative intelligences, and practical intelligence. Analytical intelligence is the way that we study, evaluate, relate, and distinction. Creative intelligence is the way that we are able to create, design, invent, and imagine. Practical intelligence is the way that we are able to apply, implement and how we put these ideas into practice. The theory that is best for determining intelligence would be Gardner’s eight frames of mind the reason why is that Gardner says that everyone has all eight of this intelligence to some kind of degree. Gardner’s eight frames of mind would be verbal, mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalist. Gardner seems to think that we learn and process information in different from someone else. Students learn better when they learn in their stronger intelligences. Amy believes that she possess many different types of intelligences according to Gardner’s the first one would be verbal. Amy can prompt sense to things when it is important to her. The second one would be interpersonal this means that she has the capacity to recognize and...
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...“I wonder why my best friend is more intelligent than I?” Some often wonder why others are smarter than them. That is not the case, everyone is relatively different and “…there are many ways to be smart.” (Coon & Mitterer, 2015) Three of the theories used to describe the different levels of intelligence are Howard Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences, Environmental intelligence, and Heredity Intelligence. First, according to Howard Gardner of Howard University, there are eight distinctly different kinds of intelligences which are Language (linguistic abilities), Logic and Math (numeric abilities), Visual and spatial (pictorial abilities), Music (musical abilities), Bodily-kinesthetic (physical abilities), Intrapersonal (having and underlying understanding of oneself), Interpersonal (understanding of other people), and Naturalist (ability to understand the natural environment). These intelligences are the different mental “languages” that people use for thinking (Coon & Mitterer, 2015, p. 338) . The drawbacks of this theory are no researches or assessments done to prove this theory. This theory is also contradictory....
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...5. There are eight types of intelligence in a person according to Howard Gardner. Suggest the types of intelligence that would be of value to Anne Mulcahy to resolve Xerox’s current problem. Explain. Anne Mulcahy has three out of the Howard Gardner’s eight types of intelligence. Verbal/linguistic Intelligence The characteristics of verbal intelligence are involves reading, writing, speaking and conversing in one’s own or foreign languages. She was participating in conversation and discussions. She has inspiring the employees. As a CEO, she also has meeting with many workers in the company. Logical-Mathematical Intelligence The characteristics of logical-Mathematical intelligence are involves number and computing skills, and the ability to solve different kinds of problems through logic. Although she did not know about financial analysis and also MBA but she asked the company’s director of corporate finance to give her a cram course in Balance Sheet 101.That helped her to understand the debt structure, inventory trends, and the impact of taxes and currency rates. Interpersonal Intelligence The characteristics of interpersonal intelligence are involves in understanding how to communicate with and understand other people and how to work collaboratively. She knows to motivate her employees. She was willing to work shoulder to shoulder with subordinates because she working so hard, people felt obligated to work harder too. She also appealed to employees with missionary zeal...
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...I can get it though, if I get enough practice.” When the gets frustrated, the retreats to his room where the plays guitar; he has even done some of his own arrangements. Gavin is very skilled at working with people and some of his peers turn to him as an arbitrator when clashes occur in club and other organisational meetings. • Consider Gavin’s intelligence based on Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Assess Gavin’s intelligence on this basis. In the case of Gavin, he possesses mostly the musical- rhythmic, intrapersonal and interpersonal intelligences. The complexity he faces is from his mathematical- logical intelligence and linguistic intelligence as he cannot sort out his difficulties in his studies. As he states that he retreats to his room to play guitar when he is frustrated. This demonstrates that Gavin has the capacity to think in music; to be able to hear patterns, recognize them, and perhaps manipulate them. People who have strong musical intelligence don't just remember music easily, they cannot get it out of their minds, and it is so omnipresent. People with musical intelligence look for patterns in speech and language, for example, they look for patterns in new information in order to increase learning. They remember things by turning them into lyrics or...
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...Charles Spearman - General Intelligence: British psychologist Charles Spearman (1863-1945) described a concept he referred to as general intelligence, or the g factor. After using a technique known as factor analysis to to examine a number of mental aptitude tests, Spearman concluded that scores on these tests were remarkably similar. People who performed well on one cognitive test tended to perform well on other tests, while those who scored badly on one test tended to score badly on others. He concluded that intelligence is general cognitive ability that could be measured and numerically expressed. Louis L. Thurstone - Primary Mental Abilities: Psychologist Louis L. Thurstone (1887-1955) offered a differing theory of intelligence. Instead of viewing intelligence as a single, general ability, Thurstone's theory focused on seven different "primary mental abilities." The abilities that he described were: * Verbal comprehension * Reasoning * Perceptual speed * Numerical ability * Word fluency * Associative memory * Spatial visualization Howard Gardner - Multiple Intelligences: One of the more recent ideas to emerge is Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences. Instead of focusing on the analysis of test scores, Gardner proposed that numerical expressions of human intelligence are not a full and accurate depiction of people's abilities. His theory describes eight distinct intelligences that are based on skills and abilities that are valued...
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