...Howard Zinn continued to talk about the American Revolution. The main argument for Zinn in this chapter was that the revolution was fought mainly by the poor people, but it led by the rich who controlled and gained the most benefits of the war. In this chapter, Zinn wrote about the revolution and its results and the conflict between the poor and rich people. The first thing was the revolution and its results. The revolution was against the British rule. The American leaderships wanted the independence. So, they consisted Revolution army and colonial militia; and allowed to only white men, who Zinn described them as, “hall-marks respectability or at least of full citizenship.” But then, they allowed to less respectable white men. One of the...
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...not control and some that she could. She could not control the fact that she was black but she could control the fact she married a person of a different color. So not only was she a person of color but she also married someone of what was called the “opposite color” back then. She experienced many challenges in life because of the color of her skin. Her parents grew up as slaves and she was a sharecropper. Alice worked 11 hours a day for $17 per week to help pay to go to college. She was voted valedictorian in high school. She eventually went on to go to Spelman College and transferred to Sarah Lawrence College on a full scholarship and graduated in 1965. Alice became interested in the civil rights movement because of her professor Howard Zinn. The man that she went on to marry was named Melvyn Roseman Leventhal. After she married him she was a writer for Jackson State College and Tougaloo College. Alice was also inspired by Zora Neale Hurston. Alice went on to write lots of books among those being The Color...
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...Source: One presents a quote by American historian Howard Zinn. Zinn presents the disapproval of free market economies. This disapproval regards the distribution of wealth and the prominent rise of elitism within present day free market economies. Zinn believes that through current free markets, elitism and the ultra rich present severe harm to society. The invisible hand has favoured the one percentile, leaving the majority of society in economic unrest. Through the quote, the idea of balancing and equalizing is presented. Zinn boils down human necessities to: food, housing, medical care, education, entertainment, and vacations. Economic equalization is one key factor in socialism that Zinn entrenches his opinion in. Historical economists...
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...the most important aspect of the entire nineteenth century. It not only changed the way Americans produced goods, it also changed how Americans ran their lives and what the focus of society became. Besides these outcomes of the industrialization period, along with an increase in technology and production, there were other important side effects. The most important side effect of the industrialization period and topic of my paper that was mentioned in all three textbooks, was it’s effect on the relationship between social classes. This topic is a very important section, imbedded throughout Howard Zinn’s A People’s History of the United States, George Brown Tindall and David Emory Shi’s America: A Narrative History, and Paul Johnson’s A History of the American People. First we must take a look at the personal views of these authors before looking at how they each analyzed the topic. Zinn has a radical, Marxist interpretation of early US history in which he believes the entire history of the United States was based off of conflict. This includes racial conflict, gender conflict, and in our case, class conflict. Tindall and Shi have, as most history books do, a liberal interpretation of early US history in which they believe the history of the United States is based on consensus and agreement of core values among Americans. They believe the US has a good future because of the agreement on these values which include freedom, democracy, capitalism, and equal opportunities. Johnson...
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...Howard Zinn argues that Columbus’s crimes against the natives should not be justified by their impact on overall progress, as it vindicates these actions. Therefore, Zinn argues that Columbus should be remembered by these crimes, and thus tells Columbus’s story through his more inhumane actions, including how Columbus took advantage of the native’s naivety and friendship to further his own personal gain. The author then gives examples of Columbus capturing natives as slaves, and utilizing/torturing them for his quest for gold. Zinn mainly uses Columbus’ own writings on certain events to show his character, yet uses witnesses’ to show the effect of his actions. He also specifically uses Spanish sources to address the concern that history is written by the winners, which implies that either the Spanish knew what they were doing was wrong, or were too immoral to care. The final aspect of Zinn’s argument concerning Columbus, goes back to his central theme as he breaks down the counter argument that...
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...respected Roosevelt, and he had some power like them. Document 5 shows that “Teddy Roosevelt felt that many of the people in the Philippines were unfit for self-government. We have driven away Spanish tyranny from the islands, and if we let it be replaced by savage anarchy, our work has been for harm.” He too felt like McKinley in that the people were unfit to rule themselves. His purpose in saying this was to justify the acquisition of the Philippines which was the sameness purpose as McKinley when he said this. Roosevelt was a supporter of imperialism like McKinley, and this is proven by various sources. Zinn states “When the United States did not annex Hawaii in 1893 after some Americans set up their own government, Roosevelt called this hesitation a crime against white civilization. Roosevelt was contemptuous of races and nations he considered inferior” (pg. 300). Zinn, Howard. A People’s History of the United States: 1492-Present, Taylor and Francis, 2003. ProQuest Ebook Central,...
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...Christopher Columbus: The Original American Hero? Was Columbus a hero or a villain? Maybe it’s neither. Columbus was brave and daring, and did things that were important to world history. But he wasn’t heroic in the sense of displaying great moral qualities. Courage, while generally a good character trait, isn’t necessarily heroic or even highly honorable and praiseworthy unless it’s deployed in certain kinds of actions or causes. But he also wasn’t especially villainous in the sense of displaying particular evil qualities. His arrival in the Americas caused a great deal of death to American Indians, chiefly from disease. And it caused the subjugation and literal or virtual enslavement of the Indians. But this didn’t stem from Columbus’s being an unusually evil person. It stemmed from the brutality of the time, coupled with the contact between one culture that was much more powerful than another (and that carried many communicable diseases to which members of the other culture lacked resistance). I’m inclined to say that we shouldn’t celebrate Columbus Day, precisely because such national celebrations should be focused on honoring people who did things that were both especially important and especially honorable (such as veterans, President Washington, or Martin Luther King, Jr.) and not just on people who did things that were especially important. This might conceivably include not-necessarily-good people who did things that were unambiguously good. But European expansion...
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...1 Feminist Theory and Survey Research “The idea that there is only ‘one road’ to the feminist revolution, and only one type of ‘truly feminist’ research, is as limiting and as offensive as male-biased accounts of research that have gone before.” ~Liz Stanley and Sue Wise, 1983, p. 26. Introduction Over the past three decades, feminist methodologists have hammered home one point with surprising regularity: Feminist research takes a variety of legitimate forms; there is no “distinctive feminist method of research” (Harding, 1987; see also Chafetz, 2004a, 2004b; Fonow & Cook, 2005; Hawkesworth, 2006; Hesse-Biber, 2007; Risman, Sprague, & Howard, 1993; and Sprague, 2005). And yet, to this day, the relationship between feminist theory and quantitative social science research remains uneasy. Among feminist scholars, quantitative research is often seen as suspect for its association with positivism and its pretense of objectivity (among other things). At the same time, among quantitative researchers, feminist-identified work is often dismissed as “biased,” “activist,” or “substantively marginal.” While a number of scholars have recently published works outlining a “feminist” approach to social science research, these books have generally steered clear of quantitative survey research. Some authors of feminist 1 2— Feminist Measures in Survey Research methods texts limit their discussion of feminist survey research to a small section (e.g., Hesse-Biber, 2007; Reinharz, 1992;...
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...elusive concept to define and it takes forms that are the subjective and objective understanding. Eitzen et al. (2009:8) argue that some social conditions are detrimental in any situation. In this sense, they have an objective character. There are conditions in society such as poverty, racism, sexism that cause material or psychological suffering for parts of the population. Those conditions are, therefore, social problems in any social setting. Social problems are those conditions which are universally agreed upon by society to have adverse effects many people and those conditions which causes material and psychic suffering of the body or society such as HIV/AIDS, terrorism, war, poverty, conflict, corruption and crime (Eitzen and Bacca-Zinn, 2009). Thus, social problems have their roots form the social, economic, political, environmental, cultural and geographical contexts, thus they are socially constructed. This essay assesses the Marxist explanation and its applicability to the study of social problems and on the whole what solutions it suggests to address them. The conflict perspective is a structuralist theory which examines social institutions and how power and economic material are distributed in society. The Marxist perspective posits that society is divided into two major classes of those who own the means of production and those who are the subordinates. The relations between them create a good platform for the creation of social problems since these two...
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...Reflective Summary: Review and reflect on the Health Insurance Billing and Reimbursement Discussion Board. Based on your review and reflection of new learnings in this course, write at least 400–600 words on the following: * What have you learned from others' responses? * What were the most compelling points from the interaction with your fellow students? * How did participating in this discussion help in your understanding of the Discussion Board task? * What approaches could have yielded additional valuable information in the students' networking? * What is still unclear after the discussion with your classmates that needs to be clarified? During week ones discussion board assignment, we discussed the different types of health insurance billing and reimbursement methods. This discussion board assignment required taking the time to research the history of health insurance and how it has evolved over the years to the system that we know it as today. By utilizing the discussion board portion of this class, I was able to learn many things from my classmates’ postings. I learned the many different methods of healthcare reimbursement that is still currently used today. I learned the history of health insurance, and why it was developed for the patients in the first place. I also learned many different views and opinions of my classmates that allowed me to reconsider and further educate myself on the views of the future of the healthcare industry. The most...
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...elusive concept to define and it takes forms that are the subjective and objective understanding. Eitzen et al. (2009:8) argue that some social conditions are detrimental in any situation. In this sense, they have an objective character. There are conditions in society such as poverty, racism, sexism that cause material or psycho logical suffering for parts of the population. Those conditions are, therefore, social problems in any social setting. Social problems are those conditions which are universally agreed upon by society to have adverse effects many people and those conditions which causes material and psychic suffering of the body or society such as HIV/AIDS, terrorism, war, poverty, conflict, corruption and crime (Eitzen and Bacca- Zinn, 2009). Thus, social problems have their roots form the social, economic, political, environmental, cultural and geographical contexts, thus they are socially constructed. This essay assesses the Marxist explanation and its applicability to the study of social problems and on the whole what solutions it suggests to address them. The conflict perspective is a structuralist theory which examines social institutions and how power and economic material are distributed in society. The Marxist perspective posits that society is divided into two major classes of those who own the means of production and those who are the subordinates. The relations between them create a good platform for the creation of social problems since these two...
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...The Corporation: The Corporation is today's dominant institution, creating great wealth but also great harm. This 26 award-winning documentary examines the nature, evolution, impacts and future of the modern business corporation and the increasing role it plays in society and our everyday lives. The birth of the corporation: How the corporation came to be. Originally, corporations were set up to serve the public good. Corporation lawyers gained rights through the US Supreme Court using the 14th Amendment (set up to protect slaves) that gives them the rights of a person. In the last century, the corporation is given more and more rights while people are increasingly stripped of theirs. Origins of Corporations Although definitions and descriptions of corporations have changed dramatically through the last few hundred years, the first corporation actually began long ago – as early as the sixteenth century. It was a benchmark in the history of money and business, transforming an economy from what was essentially a debt economy (when it came to merchant work) to a state-sponsored enterprise. This type of business was brilliant and revolutionary for the early business world, allowing businesses to take risks and expand in ways they had been unable to do before. The concept spread and grew, and by the seventeenth century, the corporation was well on its way to being an acclaimed and established center for regular commerce. When corporate business came to the newly born United...
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...SOUTHERN RURAL SOCIOLOGY, 24(1), 2009, pp. 200–222. Copyright © by the Southern Rural Sociological Association DURKHEIM DID NOT SAY “NORMLESSNESS”: THE CONCEPT OF ANOMIC SUICIDE FOR INTRODUCTORY SOCIOLOGY COURSES PHYLLIS PUFFER BIG SANDY COMMUNITY AND TECHNICAL COLLEGE ABSTRACT The definitions of anomic suicide presented in introductory sociology textbooks from 1996 to 2007 were compared with the definition given by Durkheim in his own writings both in the original French and the English translation. It was found that only one textbook correctly gave Durkheim’s own definition while the other definitions showed little or no relationship to the original concept. The original concept was based on an analysis of the economy, more particularly the business cycle, and refers only to the structure of society and not to the mental state of the individual. An attempt is made to discover the source of such a widespread and well-accepted error. All of us are concerned about the introductory course in sociology, no matter the august reaches of academe we might have attained. Nearly all of us have taught it at least once, if only as teaching assistants during our graduate school days. Some of us always teach it. The rest depend on it as a basis for their advanced courses, for a supply of research assistants, and ultimately to build public appreciation and support for the field. If we think of the number of students who take introductory sociology in just one small...
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...Brian Grazer’s Curiosity Conversations: A List Since the late 1970s, Brian Grazer has been meeting with people from diverse backgrounds to have open-ended conversations about their lives and work. Below, in alphabetical order, is a list of many of the people Brian has had curiosity conversations with. It is as comprehensive as memory and records permit; please forgive any omissions. Brian has spoken to so many people over thirty-five years and explored so many topics that it would be impossible to have included accounts of all of them. But each of the conversations provided the inspiration for the discussions of creativity and storytelling in this book, and in rian’s work. B 50 Cent: musician, actor, entrepreneur Joan Abrahamson: president of the research and education nonprofit Jefferson Institute, MacArthur Fellowship recipient Paul Neal “Red” Adair: oil-well firefighter, innovator in extinguishing oil-well blowouts in Kuwait 1 Roger Ailes: president of Fox News Channel Doug Aitken: multimedia artist Muhammad Ali: professional heavyweight boxer, three-time World Heavyweight Champion John Allman: neuroscientist, expert on human cognition Gloria Allred: civil rights attorney Brad Anderson: former CEO of Best Buy Chris Anderson: curator of TED conferences Philip Anschutz: entrepreneur, cofounder of Major League Soccer, investor in multiple professional sports teams David Ansen: former senior entertainment editor at Newsweek ...
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...AMR Project Section B Group 6 AMR PROJECT SYNOPSIS TOPIC:”Consumer purchase behavior in out-ofstock situations at retail outlets” Submitted by : Group 6 Section B Page 1 AMR Project Section B Group 6 PROBLEM STATEMENT/PURPOSE Model the consumer purchase behaviour in out of stock situations in retail outlets RATIONALE OF CHOOSING THE PROBLEM STATEMENT Out of stock situations in retail outlets trigger customer behaviour like switching to other brands, stores, items, postponing or cancelling purchases etc. This hampers customer loyalty and leads to lost sales for retailers. Hence, it is important for retailers to know the possible consumer behaviours in stock out situations. The magnitude of stock-out sales losses, as well as whether they primarily affect the Manufacturer or the Retailer, strongly varies with the way consumers react. Assuming the margins to the retailer on the considered brands are same, if consumers buy another brand in the same store, this is detrimental to the manufacturer not the retailer. Conversely, if consumers look for the missing item elsewhere, the retailer incurs a loss. Manufacturers and retailers must, therefore, anticipate the specific type of OOS responses. MANAGEMENT DECISION PROBLEM How can customer retention be increased during stock out situations in a retail store? An area of concern for many retailers is the availability of various brands at retail level. Of most concerns to retailers is the possibility...
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