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Hr Roles and Responsibilities

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HR Roles and Responsibilities Paper
XXXXXXXXXXX
University of Phoenix
Human Resources Management
MGT/431
Prof. XXXXXXXXXXXXX
18 de octubre de 2007

HR Roles and Responsibilities Paper En algún momento durante su desarrollo y crecimiento, las empresas enfrentan cambios significativos en su estructura y operación. Esto se debe al factor adelanto, el cual ha traído como consecuencia que las empresas recluten recursos especializados para lograr sus metas y mantenerse competitivos en el mercado. Ciertamente para que una empresa pueda operar necesita recursos humanos que apoyen los objetivos y metas de la organización. El contar con recursos humanos capacitados para realizar ciertas funciones, propias de diferentes departamentos de una empresa, garantiza la calidad del servicio a ofrecer, así como las oportunidades de crecimiento de la misma dentro del mercado que atienda. La administración de recursos humanos conforma el corazón de las organizaciones toda vez que atiende los asuntos relacionados con la selección, reclutamiento, adiestramiento, evaluación, motivación y apoyo de los recursos que realizarían las tareas para llevar la empresa al éxito. Los roles y responsabilidades de un departamento de recursos humanos son sumamente susceptibles y complejas puesto que los movimientos que se realizan pueden ser tanto beneficiosos como dañinos para la empresa. Es por ello que, al seleccionar la persona que dirigirá este departamento, el gerente de recursos humanos, se debe contemplar una evaluación profunda y exhaustiva de las cualidades, capacidades y preparación de dicho recurso. Cónsono con ello, un gerente de recursos humanos debe también mantenerse al día en cuanto a los cambios que sufren las leyes laborales puesto que, si alguna de sus decisiones esta directamente ligada a alguna ley, la misma no debe representar riesgos negativos para la empresa. El libro de texto define la administración de recursos humanos como “políticas, prácticas y sistemas que influencian la conducta y desempeño de los empleados”. (Estos sistemas son determinantes para que el empleado realice un trabajo eficiente o, por el contrario, adopte dejadez en su estilo de trabajo. Todo dependerá de cómo se conduzca y actúe la persona que tiene bajo su responsabilidad tan importante cargo. Toda empresa o negocio debe contar con un departamento de recursos humanos. Sin embargo, las empresas pequeñas por lo general optan por delegar esas tareas en algún ejecutivo de nivel intermedio. No así las empresas grandes, quienes regularmente cuentan con un departamento de recursos humanos con personal especializado que fungen como asesores y apoyo a los supervisores de los diferentes departamentos que tiene la empresa. Es por ello que las funciones esenciales de un departamento de recursos humanos pueden variar de organización en organización o ser aplicadas de diferente manera. El departamento de recursos humanos tiene dentro de sus responsabilidades analizar el trabajo de los recursos, designar tareas, atraer empleados potenciales o reclutar, seleccionar empleados, adiestrar y desarrollar los recursos, evaluar su desempeño, establecer los planes de motivación y compensación, entre otros. Estos elementos contribuyen vitalmente al comportamiento de los empleados y por ende, al desarrollo de la empresa. Cuando estas prácticas son llevadas a cabo de un modo ético, moral y equitativo, se logra mayor confianza, satisfacción, productividad y renombre ante los clientes y publico en general. Cuando una empresa interesa reclutar, por lo regular, buscan recursos que tengan destrezas de comunicación adecuadas, honestidad e integridad, que puedan trabajar en equipo, que tengan la capacidad de interrelacionarse bien, que conozcan los estándares éticos aplicables, que tengan iniciativa, disposición y que puedan tener lealtad hacia la organización. Esto debido a que la globalización ha permitido que los negocios se expandan a nivel mundial y que el sistema obliga a contar con recursos preparados en diferentes campos y materias, pero que a su vez puedan realizar más de una tarea a la vez. A esto se le conoce como “multitasking”, una tendencia que se ha marcado aun más con el asunto de la globalización. Esto permite que el empleado esté enfocado en maximizar cada minuto de su trabajo y pueda ampliar sus conocimientos. Otra tendencia en la administración de recursos humanos con la globalización lo son el manejo de calidad total, las reingenierías, las expansiones internacionales de empresas, la fusión y adquisición de empresas, contratación de recursos exteriores, entre otros. Esto impacta los mercados ya que las empresas que se quieren mantener encuentran que tienen que competir en mercados internacionales. Así pues, las organizaciones optan por preparar sus recursos o contratar recursos exteriores para realizar tareas enmarcadas en el factor globalización. De hecho, las empresas que atienden el mercado de los sistemas de información suelen traer recursos extranjeros y prepararlos para unas necesidades específicas de la empresa en el mercadeo de ciertos productos y servicios que atienden. En cuanto a la tecnología, es importante que el departamento de recursos humanos mantenga su base de datos actualizada y protegida, de manera que la información que sea necesaria pueda ser confiable. La gerencia de recursos humanos utiliza la tecnología para planificar el entrenamiento y desarrollo de los recursos, para almacenar grandes cantidades de información sobre los empleados, incluyendo sistemas de nominas, compensación, los beneficios de los empleados y sus costos. También existen otros programas que son también utilizados para modificar la data, analizarla, distribuir y limitar la información a las personas que trabajan específicamente con recursos humanos, entre otros. El uso de la tecnología permite que se automaticen ciertos procesos y que se agilicen para el bienestar tanto de los empleados como de la empresa. Se puede decir que todas las novedades tecnológicas están dirigidas a facilitar las labores que se llevan a cabo, sin menoscabar la importancia que tiene el factor humano dentro de una organización. De otra parte, existen estándares éticos que deben ser aplicados en toda empresa o negocio, no solo en la administración de recursos humanos sino a nivel de todos los departamentos. Sin embargo, el área de recursos humanos constituye el responsable de aplicar inicialmente esta conducta. Como se dice, el respeto empieza por la casa. Las decisiones que tome la gerencia de recursos humanos deber ser unas éticas que ofrezcan igualdad de oportunidades de empleo a los recursos de la empresa. En esas decisiones deben ser considerados los derechos que tienen los empleados. Entre ellos podemos mencionar el derecho a la privacidad de su información, al libre consentimiento, a la libertad de expresión y el derecho al debido proceso. Estos derechos agrupan decisiones de índole ética que, llevados a cabo de una manera incorrecta, puede conllevar consecuencias legales para la empresa. Siempre se debe mantener un enfoque ético considerando por ejemplo si lo que se hace es correcto, legal, quien se vería afectado y como, como queda la imagen de la empresa además de otros elementos lógicos que se deben considerar. Es evidente que la gerencia de recursos humanos constituye, literalmente hablando, el pulmón de las organizaciones. En ella descansa mayormente la responsabilidad sobre el nivel de satisfacción de los empleados y conforma un medio para permitir que cada recurso logre sus objetivos personales en la medida en que son compatibles con la organización. Sin embargo, aun cuando el departamento de recursos humanos de una empresa tiene todas esas responsabilidades, la determinación final sobre la gran mayoría de las decisiones será ejercida por la alta gerencia de la empresa o negocio.

Referencias
Condori, J. (2007). Area de Recursos Humanos. La Tecnologia en Recursos Humanos. Retrieved on October 13, 2007, from: http://www.arearh.com
Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J. & Wright, P. (2004). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. Managing Human Resources. Chapter 1, P. 2-20. ISBN: 0072825677
Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J. & Wright, P. (2004). Fundamentals of Human Resource Management. Managing Human Resources. Chapter 2, P. 32-55. ISBN: 0072825677

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