4/5 Rule – 80% rule – used to calculate how many of a minority class will need to be hired. Example: If 100 men were interviewed for a job and 20 were hired, according to the 4/5ths rule how many women must be hired if 75 were interviewed?
20/100 men were hired for a selection rate of 20%.
You can't have a selection rate for the women less than 80% of the male selection rate.
80% of 20% = 16% selection rate minimum.
16% of 75 interviewed = 12
Railway Act – 1st federal law that dealt with labor relations – designed to ensure timely railway operations with minimum dispute between union and railway board.
Mediators vs. Arbitrators - both are 3rd parties – Arbitrator – has the power to make a binding decision, Mediator – does not have that authority
Evaluation methods:
Manager or Supervisor Appraisal -- conducted by employees superior and is then reviewed by a more senior manager
Subordinate appraisal – occurs when an employee carries out an appraisal on a manager (conducted for developmental reasons)
Peer Appraisal – conducted by manager with input from peers. It is not common – there are concerns of stereotyping and fear the peer will find out
Team Appraisal – based on Total Quality Management – stresses team achievements rather than individual performance. TQM sets performance standards derived from customer needs.
Customer Appraisal – based on feedback from both internal and external customers with many managers setting Customer Service Measures as a performance standard – normally linked to initiatives.
360 degree Appraisal – feedback from as many sources as possible.
Involvement Oriented – based more on self-appraisal than manager assessment alone
Delphi Technique – A group decision method in which individual members, acting separately, pool their judgments in a systematic and independent fashion. This method is similar to the nominal group