...Unit One One-Variable Statistics 1.0 Statistic Terminology Key Concepts Population vs. Sample Population: the entire group about which data are being collected. Sample: part of a population selected so as to gain information about the whole population. Data Data: information providing the basis of a discussion form which conclusions may be drawn. Primary vs. Secondary data Primary data * data gathered directly by the researcher in the act of conducting research or an experiment. • gathered by surveys or experiments Secondary data * data gathered by someone other than the researcher / organization. • found on the internet, books or magazines Observational vs. Experimental data Observational data • data gathered by observation of the subject • For example, the subject is recorded and the behaviours are noted on a period of time. Experimental data • data gathered through experimentation. Categorical (qualitative) vs. Numerical (quantitative) data Categorical data • data that is grouped by specific categories • categories may be ordered naturally (ordinal variables) or have no order (nominal variables) • For example, for ordinal variables height can be naturally ordered using short, average, tall. • For example, for nominal variables hair colour cannot be naturally ordered since no order occurs to their colours. Numerical data * data that are in real number values * can be either discrete or continuous Variable ...
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