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Hsm/210

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Submitted By kgalloway40
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Kimberly Galloway
HSM/210
Dr. Sandra M. Mancuso

Deinstitutionalization is the process of state run mental health facilities being shut down in the attempt to allow people with serious mental illness to receive help from the community. "State mental hospital populations are reduced by discharging long-term residents, shortening hospital stays, and attempting to reduce the number of admissions" (Steadman, Monahan, Duffee, Hartstone, & Robbins 1984). While the intentions were good, the act itself has become "one of the most well-meaning but poorly planned social changes ever carried out in the United States" (Torrey, Kennard, Eslinger, Lamb, and Pavle 2010). This event has had a huge impact on the criminal justice system, causing jails and prisons to become the main healthcare provider for people with Serious Mental Illness in the United States.
Deinstitutionalization has not worked as planned. The current figures indicate that at least 16% of inmates in prison have a serious mental illness (Torrey et al 2010). With the decrease in state run mental hospitals jails and prisons are now primary health care providers for the mentally ill. All the act of deinstitutionalization has done is shifted costs from hospitals into prisons where many people cannot get adequate treatment for their symptoms. The burden is now on the justice system, and the public, to care for these people.
Healthcare in prison was constitutionally mandated by the Supreme Court in 1976 in the case of Estelle v. Gamble (Slate & Johnson 2008). While treatment must be provided, the resources available are not always the best options for individuals. Costs are also higher for caring for inmates with a mental illness, which affects local and state budgets, taxes, and how money is allocated. Restructuring of the mental health care system is something that will have to be done in the near future

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