以第三人稱單數(三單)來說: is + p.p. = 被動語態
中間加一個"to be" is to be + p.p. = be動詞 + 不定詞片語, 意思完全改變, 是「要用來...的; 打算要....的」之意.
It is sold. 它被賣掉了.
It is to be sold. 它是打算要出售的. ← 中間加一個"to be", 意思改變
The money is spent. 錢花光了.
The money is to be spent. 錢是用來花的 ← 中間加一個"to be", 意思改變
This stuff is not eaten. 這東西沒被吃掉.
This stuff is not to be eaten. 這東西不是用來吃的. ← 中間加一個"to be", 意思改變
What is not seen? 有什麼是看不到的?
What is not to be seen? 什麼是不該曝光的/被看見的?
You'll never see what is not to be seen. 不該被看見的事, 你是一定看不到的.
← what子句是名詞子句, 作為see的受詞
後接形容詞或名詞, 成為…的,將會…的。 ex: I want to be a pearon of useful. 我想成為一個有用的人。
The movie will be on tomorrow.
電影將會在明天上映。
2. being
<<不及物動詞>>
1 [be 的現在分詞]
a. ["am [are,is,was,were] ~ + 過分"構成被動語態進行式] 正在被…著
The house is being built.
這房子正在建造中
b. 因為… being busy, I stayed at home.
由于忙碌,所以我留在家裡
2 [be 的動名詞] …的狀態,呈…; 被… being with you makes me happy.
與你在一起使我愉快
I hate being treated like a child.
我很討厭被當小孩看待
be (ing as[that]) (方言.口語)
既然…,因為…
<<形容詞>> for the time being
目前,暫時
<<名詞>>
存在; 生存,生命 (life) ex: When did the universe come into being? 宇宙最初是何時形成的?
a. (有形、無形之) 物,實際存在之物; 生物; (尤指) 人 a human being
一個人
b. 神 the Supreme being
上帝,神
生物; 人 ex: Has anybody ever seen any beings from outer space? 有人見到過外星人嗎?
Being a senior high school student, Kevin has to study hard in order to go to a good college.
是分詞構句的用法,此句可還原成
When Kevin is a senior high school student, he has to study hard in order to go to a good college.
可譯為:凱文是高中生時,他必須為了考上好大學而用功讀書。
這是現在進行被動式的用法: be + bei-ing + PP (過去分詞)
被動語態的形成:
簡單式: BE(現在AM, IS, ARE/過去WAS, WERE/未來WILL BE, SHALL BE) + 過去分詞
完成式: HAVE(HAS) BEEN/HAD BEEN/SHALL(WILL) HAVE BEEN + 過去分詞
進行式: BE(現在AM, IS, ARE/過去WAS, WERE/未來WILL BE, SHALL BE) + BEING + 過去分詞
所以, The cake is being eaten(是過去分詞 eaten, 不是 eating) by