...observable universe. (physics.org) Without the Hubble Space telescope none of these galaxies would have been discovered and many astronomical discoveries would go unnoticed and would halt many studies in the field, it would leave many cosmic mysteries unsolved. It took many years to launch the telescope into space and for the telescope to be able to take the kinds of photos that it takes today. This is why the Hubble telescope has such importance in the field of astronomy. The hubble space telescope was named after astronomer Edwin Hubble. Accroding to spacetelescope.com Edwin Hubble was born in Missouri in 1958. He moved to chicago nine years later where he attended high school. He graduated in 1906 received a scholarship from the university from chicago, because the scholarship was awarded to another student by...
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...The Hubble Space Telescope has helped scientists learn about the ever reaching space outside of our atmosphere. The Hubble Telescope has sent images of space for the past 28 years. Hubble is one of NASA’s greatest accomplishments, Hubble has recorded thousands of images of space to better help scientist understand the beauty of deep space. The Hubble Telescope determine the age of the universe to be about 13-14 billion years old rather than the former age of 10-20 billion years old. Hubble also helped identify quasars which emit extreme amounts of energy, and the existence of dark energy which theoretically is used to expand the universe. Hubble has confirmed and has made new discoveries to help advance our understanding of space. Hubble can...
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...The Research of the Hubble Sequence There are many different classes of galaxies and many more to be discovered Hubble just scratched the surface of what we could find out there. Edwin Hubble is well known for that the research in the Hubble Sequence, also in the many books he wrote for the explonation of his work and his thoughts on it. Edwin Hubble discovered the Hubble Sequence and and was the one who was famos for it. The Hubble Sequence is a theory proven to be a fact by Edwin Hubble, this sequence is a morhpological classification scheme for galaxies which this theory was proven fact because of Edwin Hubble. Now to explain what this is, well this scheme reprsents more of divided regular galaxies to broad classes. Each of these classes...
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...Telescopes in Astronomy SCI/151 January 26, 2015 Telescopes in Astronomy Telescopes are one of man's greatest inventions. The instrument makes distant objects appear closer and they have taken us on a fantastic voyage of learning about and understanding our universe. This paper will focus on the importance of telescopes, major designs, strengths and weaknesses of telescope locations, and where the best place to build them is. In addition, frequencies of light and the role they play in telescopes are discussed. Prior to the telescope the universe was studied, but without the telescope many discoveries would not have been possible. Birth of the Telescope There is some debate as to who designed the first telescope, however the first person to apply for a telescope patent was Hans Lippershey in 1608 (Cox, 2013). In 1609 when Galileo heard of the telescope he decided to design his own and was the first person to point it up toward space (Cox, 2013). Up until this point it was thought that the universe was geocentric and that the Sun evolved around the Earth. The invention of the telescope helped prove the Copernican system in which all planets evolve around the Sun. This discovery significantly changed our view of the universe and our place in it. Telescope Designs Designs of telescopes range from reflecting, refracting, and catadioptric telescopes. These three types of telescopes...
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...THOUGHT PAPER 2 THE HUBBLE The earth is given to us, to grow, to survive, to breathe and to live; it’s for our own advantage. But we often take this privilege for granted, probably because its given for free, we did not earn it or strive to deserve it. We value it less; however, one of the beauty that The Hubble showed, was that with trillion miles away, galaxies and stars, non-showed existence of life; it was only the Earth, our home that showed the wonderful blessing that God has given us. How can we then give back to the Earth? How can we balance the need of demand and supply? The Hubble documentary portrays the Earth is the only one who has life, it suggests that one must take care of our planet with the purpose of having a home for future generations to come. The Hubble is a space telescope that is located above the surface of the atmosphere specifically in the low earth orbit far above rain clouds and light pollution. Hubble has an unobstructed view of the universe; scientists have used The Hubble to observe the most distant stars and galaxies as well as planets in our solar system. Hubble takes extremely sharp pictures, the most detailed visible-light image ever made of the universe’s most distant objects. It is one of the largest and most versatile, and is well known as both a vital research tool and a benefit to public relations for astronomy. Hubble’s existence marks the most significant advance in astronomy since Galileo’s telescope. It was built by the United...
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...nine years old, following his visit to Pennsylvania and seeing the stars, saying "it looks like the Hayden Planetarium".[6] He obsessively studied astronomy in his teens, and eventually even gained some fame in the astronomy community by giving lectures on the subject at the age of fifteen.[7] Tyson recalls that "so strong was that imprint [of the night sky] that I'm certain that I had no choice in the matter, that in fact, the universe called me."[6] Astronomer Carl Sagan, who was a faculty member at Cornell University, tried to recruit Tyson to Cornell forundergraduate studies.[3] In an interview with writer Daniel Simone,[8] Tyson said: Interestingly, when I applied to Cornell, my application dripped of my passion for the study and research of the Universe. Somehow the admissions office brought my application to the attention of the late Dr. Sagan, and he actually took the initiative and care to contact me. He was very inspirational and a most powerful influence. Dr. Sagan was as great as the universe, an effective mentor. Tyson revisited this moment on his first episode of Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey....
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...The extent to which new, or complex, technologies impacted upon the project. The Channel Tunnel project would have been built two centuries ago if it was technically feasible. In 1802, the idea of a road tunnel was suggested to Napoleon during a brief peace between France and England. French engineer Albert Mathieu Favier gave Napoleon details of a scheme involving two tunnels, one which would be candle-lit for horse-drawn carriages and the second acting as a sort of drain to take away water seeping into it (Anderson & Roskrow 1994). However the scheme existed only on paper due to the absence of appropriate tunneling techniques. Digging a tunnel under ground is not a novel technology; however, the geology is, especially under the sea. Engineers had to check and hoped to find that a suitable rock for tunneling stretched in an unbroken bed across the channel. Building a tunnel doesn’t require innovative technology, otherwise the government would not approve the project go ahead. However, the actual construction of a 50 km-long Channel Tunnel up to 50 meters below the sea tested the ingenuity and skills of the top minds in the European and American construction industry (Anderson & Roskrow 1994). There were 11 specialized boring machines have been used in total on both, the British and the French sides, to work their way through the chalk marl stratum, which is between the gray chalk and glauconitic layer. The ground condition on the UK side had caused problem. The machine...
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...The Evolution of the Universe edited by David L. Alles Western Washington University e-mail: alles@biol.wwu.edu Last Updated 2013-7-14 Note: In PDF format most of the images in this web paper can be enlarged for greater detail. 1 “If being educated means having an informed sense of time and place, then it is essential for a person to be familiar with the scientific aspects of the universe and know something of its origin and structure.” Project 2061, American Association for the Advancement of Science ---------------------------"The effort to understand the universe is one of the very few things that lifts human life a little above the level of farce, and gives it some of the grace of tragedy."—Steven Weinberg Steven Weinberg is winner of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1979, and author of the book "The First Three Minutes". 2 Introduction Science at the beginning of the twenty-first century can make some bold, yet simple observations: 1) the universe has evolved; 2) we are a result of that evolution. “We are the first generation of human beings to glimpse the sweep of cosmic history, from the universe's fiery origin in the Big Bang to the silent, stately flight of galaxies through the intergalactic night.” (National Research Council) Order in the Universe Cosmology is the study of the evolution of the universe from its first moments to the present. In cosmology the most fundamental question we can ask is: Does our universe have intelligible regularities that...
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...Human Factors in Aviation Safety Final Paper Curtis D. Hudson Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Human factors in aviation isn’t a new concept but at the time when the Hubble telescope, and stealth bombers were still fresh ideas, Human factors was just now hitting its stride. In 1988, Earl Weiner and David Nagel coincidently released a book titled Human Factors in Aviation (Salas, Maurino and Curtis). During this time, HF was still being slowly accepted and established as a practice to help increase the awareness and improve aviation safety. This period is also significant because prior to then, Human Factors researchers were not involved with aviation system designs and were normally included upon design completion. The incorporation of having HF researchers involved in the design process helped the role evolve and expand the field research. As students of HF research we are aware of the importance of the technology and design of the cockpit, crew resource management (CRM), health and judgment of the crew and how automation plays a role in aviation. This was also a somewhat foreign practice in the beginning. Human Factors researchers were limited to the cockpit and overall cabin technology design. It can be argued that Human Factors in Aviation played a big role in the way business is conducted now compared to before this book was written. When we hear of an aviation mishap, particularly a plane crash, the first thing that comes...
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...NASA Research Paper Chelsea Best 4138567 LSTD 300 Professor Kerney Since its beginning the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been pivotal in the scientific advancements made in the United States. Their vision, “To reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind.” The scientist and researchers for NASA are trying to answer questions not just about the universe at large, but also about everyday human lives here on Earth. There are four focuses of NASA’s activity, called mission directives. Aeronautics, which focuses on meeting the worldwide demand for more eco-friendly and sustainable aircrafts. Human Exploration and Operations which involves operations on the International Space Station (ISS), developing commercial spaceflight and the ability for humans to explore beyond low-Earth Orbit. Scientist are exploring not only the Earth itself, but the universe beyond as well and works on charting the best exploration paths for us to continue discovering the universe. Space Technology is the final mission directive of NASA which combines elements from the others to develop and create the most innovative technology to aid future missions. NASA is also working hard to aid in the development of a private sector in space travel. Their hope is that by commercializing some aspects of space travel, such as routine trips to the ISS, more of their resources will be available for furthering their overall goals...
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...Astronomy paper Introduction: Searching for extra-solar planets is not a very easy task. Because most of the times we find them by not actually looking at them but by the effects they produce mainly on the star around which they are rotating. It is because planets look like just a dull spec of light through a telescope. The distance between us and a nearby planet is very large. In our scale model it will be like looking at a dust particle in Thunder Bay Ontario if we are sitting in Halifax with our telescope. That’s why astronomers have adopted various techniques to find extra-solar planets. In most of the techniques we focus on the star around which planets are rotating and by noticing the changes occurring in star we can decide whether that star has planet(s) or not. The following methods are used for that purpose. 1. Astrometry 2. Radial Velocity Method 3. Pulsar Timing 4. Transit Method 5. Gravitational Microlensing Astrometry: This is the oldest method used to search extra-solar planets. This planet is basically used to find the mass of thee planet. This method is based on the gravitational effect of planet on its host star. As the planet rotates around its star, it applies gravitational force on the star and makes the star to move under the effect of its (planet) gravity. Thus, both the star and the planet revolve around a common center of mass also called center of gravity. Thus, the position of star always keeps on changing, which...
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...Approximately 14 billion years ago, the universe that stands today was born. There are various explanations for how it was created. Research shows that they are essential scientific questions and it stimulate scientists to debate their research. Many scientists from all over the world and different time periods work to find the reason behind its creation. The different theories on the origin of the universe have a great impact on the way humans view how the universe was created. The most known is the Big Bang theory and smaller theories include the String theory, the Incredible Bulk theory, the Times Arrow theory and the Steady State theory. (Tate) The universe is almost 14 billion years old. There are two common ways scientists use to calculate how old the universe is. The first method involves measuring the speeds and distances of the galaxies. Scientists interpret that the galaxies were closer together before in the past because all of them are slowly moving further from each other every second. Identifying the current speeds and distances of the galaxies, included with the rate at which the universe is accelerating, permits scientists to calculate how long it took...
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...Distinguished Alumni of IITD Indian Institute of Technology Delhi is one of the premier engineering institutes of India. IITD is one of the seven IITs created as centres of excellence for higher training, research and development in science, engineering and technology in India. For many years, excellently trained batches of students are being given by IITD to the world. These alumni go ahead in life and make significant contributions to our society, bringing glory for themselves and for the institute. It is always an honour to be a part of such a great institute and, to be a distinguished alumnus amongst such a lot is something whose greatness could not be expressed only in words. Professor Arogyaswamy Paulraj is such a distinguished alumnus who has achieved remarkable success in his field. He received his Doctoral degree in Electrical Engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Delhi in 1973 while on deputation from the Indian Navy. During his deputation, he led the development of an improved version of antisubmarine sonar for the Indian Navy. Later, he headed a team at the Naval Oceanographic Laboratory, Cochin to develop very large sonar systems giving India the most advanced sonar technology. He also supervised the development of a large systems software suite for parallel computers at the Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Bangalore and the development of radar and communications systems at Bharat Electronics. He was the founding Director of the Centre...
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...Chi Nguyen Randy Gifford English M01A March 16, 2015 Cause Paper for the Development of Solar Energy Our modern industrial civilization is based mostly on using fossil fuels for power plants to produce electricity and to fuel vehicles for transportation. Oil, which is the most precious and efficient source of energy, has already started to be exhausted due to heavy overpopulation, industrial demands, and scarcity of resources. The oil crisis in 1970 caused scientists all over the world to look for substitutes to fossil fuels to avoid economic and industrial collapses. Experts in the field of sustainable energy have turned their attention towards solar energy. Thomas Edison, the father of energy once said, “We are like tenant farmers chopping down the fence around our house for fuel when we should be using Nature's inexhaustible sources of energy — sun, wind, and tide.... I'd put my money on the sun and solar energy. What a source of power! I hope we don't have to wait until oil and coal run out before we tackle that” (Mathews 79). Solar energy is the safest, the most environment friendly, and one of the fastest developing sources of energy. The reasons that solar energy will dominate all other energy sources in the future are environmental concerns, renewability of the source, and technological adaptation for using solar power as a source. Solar technology utilizes the sun’s energy to produce electricity and does not rely on continual mining of raw materials. Consequently...
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...DeVry University Keller Graduate School of Management Pomona, California The Challenger- Nasa’s Decision MAking Process By Briana Bass Brianacbass@gmail.com Leadership & Organization Behavior MGMT-591-20623 John Poore 2/19/2015 The Challenger- NASA’s Decision Making Process Introduction: I am researching the decision making process that allowed on space shuttle, called the Challenger to go up into space, but was destroyed upon take off. I will analyze the reasons why NASA allowed this aircraft to take off, and the reason why it should not have. I will also research the aftermath and how this huge error could have been avoided. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration was created on October 1, 1958 by the President of the United States and Congress. It was to provide research into the problems of flight within and outside the Earth’s atmosphere. The main reason NASA was invented was due to World War 2. The United States and the Soviet Union were engaged in a cold ward. During this time, space exploration become the one of the highest priority discussions. This became known as the space race. (American Psychological Association, 2011) The United States launched its first Earth satellite on January 31, 1958. It was called Explorer 1. Then the United States started several missions to the moon and other planets in 1950 and the 1960’s. It had 8,000 employees and an annual budget of $100 million. Nasa rapidly grew. They...
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