...material things and luxury items available only to urban workers * http://projectpartner.org/poverty/untold-story-chinas-rural-urban-migration/ * About 362 million Chinese live on less than $2/day. With most of these poor living in rural areas, the need for income drives them to areas with a promise of new income. * Rural Chinese live a mainly agrarian lifestyle, farming the land and raising livestock. With access to clean water limited, lack of modern equipment and the constant threat of extreme drought, each generation becomes less entrenched in this lifestyle. They look to find work that seems more productive. * http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1005&context=elmm * Hukou: the Chinese government has relaxed its control over hukou and local governments now have greater control over...
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...Cities without Slums Slum Formation Introduction When we talk about slums the focus is often how to bring people living in them into better living conditions. UN-Habitat claims that the number of slum dwellers worldwide is nearing a billion people but this number could triple by 2050 if not addressed. It is important to consider how we can prevent the creation of new slum populations as well as addressing the conditions that already exist. This report aims to investigate the push and pull factors that facilitate slum formation as well as worsen the problem where there are existing slum populations. The driving factors will be examined in relation to case studies relating to urbanization as well as conflicts and climate events that force displacement. By looking at these examples it will be assessed the manner in which these situations contribute the issue of slums across the world. Furthermore, the observations will be used to suggest what may be done to prevent or minimize the effect that they have in creating and worsening slum conditions. Slums tend to form when there is a demand for housing or infrastructure that is not sufficiently being addressed by whatever authorities or government controls an area. The problem of slum formation is complex; addressing land policies, housing prices, provision of adequate infrastructure and public services. The problem is especially exacerbated by large displacement or migration that can have a number of catalysts. Acioli states that...
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...migrant workers; new generation; system; policy I. Brief introduction What is the “new generation of migrant workers”? In 2010, State Council issued the No.1 document “Opinions on balancing urban and rural development to further solidify agriculture with rural economy” and for the first time put forward the term “New generation of migrant workers.”. Yet there is still no clear definition. In my perspective, “New generation of migrant workers” are migrant workers who are born from the 80’s to the 90’s, who are currently at the age between 16 to 26. Some of them leave the countryside to go into cities for working while others grow up in the city with their parents——the old generation of migrant workers, lacking permanent City Hukou. In order to distinguish from the old group ,we call the young group the “New generation of migrant workers”. II. Their Characteristics There are 150 million migrant workers in China, with 60% being the new generation of migrant workers. Compared to the previous generations of migrant workers, this young organization of workers, possess unique characteristics. A. Motivation to go out Basically, the new generation of migrant workers no longer posses the same ideals as their parents...
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...based on a recent survey of over 2,700 such workers conducted during January–February 2009. The author focuses on the number of migrant workers returning to their home villages for the annual New Year holiday period, the types of workers that were laid off, options available to such workers upon losing employment, and the reasons underlying their subsequent moves. Implications of the findings for labor policy in China are briefly outlined and several directions for future research identified. Journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: E240, G010, J610, J690. 7 tables, 68 references. Key words: China, global financial crisis, migrant workers, unemployment, globalization, rural development, push factors, manufacturing exports, hukou, migration networks, remittances, Chinese New Year, return migration. INTRODUCTION M igration is closely tied with processes of globalization and the global economy, and China’s rural-to-urban migrant workers have contributed substantially to the country’s economic growth and success. This group of hard-working laborers has made inexpensive “made-in-China” products available in almost every corner of the world. Varying sources estimate that migrant workers2 have contributed 16–24 percent of China’s GDP growth and one-third to 40 percent of the rural net income (Yan and Li, 2007; Harney, 2008; Cai and Chan, 2009).3 However, migrants have been the most vulnerable group of workers,4 and have the most insecure terms of employment, as...
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...to be changed or further developed in the future? (You need to have a view on what are Kingdee’s future business challenges.) Stages | Business Model | Management Competence | Business Practices | Startup | A/C | ●Attractive compensation for "Hukou" to hold talents ●Green Light" to satisfy employees ●“Five winner sons” method to motivate staff | ●Financial application based on Windows 95 ●Success in securing venture capital | Rapid Growth | ERP | New core value "care, integrity and innovation" to keep innovation | ●Changes in ERP products ●IPO and acquisition | Strategic Turnaround | Saas | “People Culture” to strength team-work under corporate policies | ●Strategic cooperation with IBM ● Evolving into B2B e-commerce platform | Management competence: * Entrepreneurial Period: 1992-1998 1. Attractive compensation for “Hukou” to hold talents Kingdee, like its competitors, is extremely knowledge intensive. This characteristic is determined by the nature of software industry. Actually, before Kingdee was formally founded, since the “Aipu” stage, Robert Xu, Kingdee’s chairman, has realized the importance of his employees. When Kingdee was still called “Aipu” in 1992, the company was not qualified to grant “Hukou” to its engineers. This disabled Aipu to retain qualified employees for long service terms. In consideration that engineers are the most important assets for the company and CEO’s high attention on technical innovations, Kingdee attracted and held talented...
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...9 -7 1 1 -0 1 0 REV: MARCH 6, 2012 DIEGO COMIN RICHARD H. K. VIETOR China “Unbalanced” We urgently need to transform the pattern of economic development,” pronounced Premier Wen Jiabao in March 2010. “We will work hard to put economic development on the track of endogenous growth, driven by innovation. — Premier Wen Jiabao, March 20101 Since the early 2000s, the success of China’s export-led growth strategy had been alienating major trade partners—especially Europe and the United States. By 2005, China’s trade surplus had reached $134 billion, of which $114 billion was with the United States alone. Foreign-invested firms accounted for more than half of this amount. 2 In the U.S., organized labor and various pundits and politicians increasingly blamed China for the loss of as many as 3.5 million manufacturing jobs.3 U.S. Senator Chuck Schumer (D-NY) became a leading voice calling for punitive tariffs if China did not allow its currency, the yuan, to appreciate.4 When China did allow the yuan to appreciate beginning in May 2005, the yuan grew by almost 21% over the next three years, from 8.3 to 6.8 yuan per dollar. However, in October 2008, China once again froze the exchange rate. By then, China's trade surplus with the United States had grown to $258 billion, while its overall current account surplus reached $426 billion. Although political complaints about China’s export-led growth model achieved limited traction, the global financial crisis brought the...
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...Abigail Hardin CTD 447 Tong Book Report 2 25 October 2011 Rivoli, R. (2009) (2nd Edition). The Travels of a T-Shirt in the Global Economy: An Economist Examines the Markets, Powers, and Politics of World Trade. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. The Advantages and Disadvantages of China’s Apparel Manufacturing Industry China leads in the apparel manufacturing industry like the United States leads in cotton production. However, China’s dominance is much different than that of the United States. China is competitive in the apparel manufacturing industry with its quick and cheap labor. However, their low price of production comes at a high price of workers’ quality of life. Thus, China’s dominance has mainly been a disadvantage to workers, yet the hardships within China’s apparel manufacturing industry have surprisingly resulted in advantages. In order to understand the advantages of China’s apparel manufacturing, one must consider the history of China, the workers’ characteristics, and the positive effects of global trade. Historically, China was not expected to dominate the apparel manufacturing industry. Instead, Chinese families worked slowly, yet efficiently to produce and create clothing. However, Britain surpassed the Chinese with the Industrial Revolution. Inventions like the spinning jenny spurred apparel manufacturing. New England slyly acquired Britain’s patented technology and spearheaded apparel manufacturing. Later, the South dominated manufacturing because...
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...The case study of 3PL: FedEx Supply Chain Solution Sharon Kuo Silver Lu RA7951021 RA7951055 Jon Dickerson RA6967118 Content Introduction_3PL Current 3PL market A case: FedEx Supply Chain Solution Introduction and express service Logistics Distribution Centre Operations Integrated Information Technology Introduction _3PL Definition Relationship between a shipper and third party with customized offerings Encompasses a broader number of service functions by a long-term and mutually beneficial relationship. Typically specialize in integrated warehousing and transportation services (By Alfrick and Calkins, 1994 and P. Murphy and R. Point, 2000). Main goals of 3PL Improve service levels Reduce costs Four categories of 3PL provider High Service developer Offers advanced value-added services such as: tracking and tracing, cross-docking, specific packaging, or providing a unique security system. Focus on IT and Economies of Scale Customer developer Highest level of 3PL can attain. It integrates itself with few customer and takes over their entire logistics function with extensive and detailed tasks Complexity of Service Standard 3PL provider most basic form of a 3PL provider and performing basic functions like pick and pack, warehousing, and distribution business Customer adapter Upon customer’s request and essentially takes over com-plete control of the company’s logistics activities. It Improves the logistics dramatically, but do not develop...
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...Mao used various tactics and strategies to be able to consolidate his power over china. He used social, admin, military and political aspects to help him in the process. I do agree that the structure of the PRC in the 6 regions played a huge role in Mao’s consolidation of power but I don’t think it was the main reason. I believe that along with it, other factors were equally as important, such as training people who weren’t members of the CCP to join the government, terror with mass killings, imposed starvation and letting the national capitalists keep their job until he needed them to, so that the system was stable enough for him to control. He also made land reforms and introduced a registration system, which also helped consolidate his power. Mao also extended his political control with the “anti-movements” and the Politburo. The Anti-Movements was a movement against waste, bribery, and inefficiency. It was used as an excuse to getting rid of anybody standing in Mao’s was of ruling. He used to get rid of the people whom he had given jobs to in the beginning, those who weren’t past of the CCP, accusing them of inefficiency. He called these people “the bureaucratic capitalist class”. The Politburo was a circle of twenty leading members of the Communist Party, and the carried the government under the authority of Mao of course. So it was the party that ruled, and not the people. This helped Mao have a better control on the decisions taken for the country and therefore created...
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...Abstract Background We presented the pattern of health care consumption, and the utilization of available resources by describing the ecology of medical care in Beijing on a monthly basis and by describing the socio-demographic characteristics associated with receipt care in different settings. Methods A cohort of 6,592 adults, 15 years of age and older were sampled to estimate the number of urban-resident adults per 1,000 who visited a medical facility at least once in a month, by the method of three-stage stratified and cluster random sampling. Separate logistic regression analyses assessed the association between those receiving care in different types of setting and their socio-demographic characteristics. Results On average per 1,000 adults, 295 had at least one symptom, 217 considered seeking medical care, 173 consulted a physician, 129 visited western medical practitioners, 127 visited a hospital-based outpatient clinic, 78 visited traditional Chinese medical practitioners, 43 visited a primary care physician, 35 received care in an emergency department, 15 were hospitalized. Health care seeking behaviors varied with socio-demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, ethnicity, resident census register, marital status, education, income, and health insurance status. In term of primary care, the gate-keeping and referral roles of Community Health Centers have not yet been fully established in Beijing. Conclusions This study represents a first attempt...
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...rights and choosier about where they go for work. "They're on the Internet more ... on especially Weibo, China's social media, Twitter-like thing. They're able to connect with others, see what others are doing," William Nee of China Labor Bulletin, a Hong Kong-based NGO which defends workers' rights, told CNN. "And in cases where there are strikes or things like that, they can put it out there on Weibo and other people can learn about it," he said. "They can look online for labor rights and labor contract law." China's migrant misery Achieving the 'Chinese dream' Behind the scenes at China's NPC China's migrants struggle On China: Consumption booming One of the greatest issues for China's 250 million migrant workers is the "hukou" system of household registration. Migrant workers often can't register in the cities where they work, and subsequently can't qualify for social services such as public education or social security. "When I talk to migrant workers about a vast array of problems, I think, this usually rises to number one," Rob Schmitz, a Marketplace correspondent in Shanghai, told CNN. "And I think, for them, the biggest reason this is such a big problem is that they are treated like illegal immigrants inside of their own country." This hits the children of migrant workers. "Many children are born in these larger cities where their parents have moved to. This is their hometown, as far as they know it," Schmitz...
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...CASE STUDY CHINA “UNBALANCED” In this case study, we will attempt to answer what measures China took in preparation for acceptance into the WTO and how it adjusted to its eventual admittance in December of 2001. We will also review some of the problems associated with China’s economic growth strategy. We will begin our analysis of these questions by examining China’s economy at the time of Deng Xiaoping’s accession to power in 1978 and the economic growth strategy he and his successor implemented which ultimately led China to ascension into the WTO. We will then review various conditions imposed upon China by the WTO and how China reacted to those changes and to what extent these lead to China’s current status and interaction with its principal economical partners .. We will conclude our analysis by outlining some of the problems associated with China’s growth strategy and the missing components that would be needed in order to become a free economy and to achieve sustainable growth in the future. During the time of Mao Zedong’s term in power, China was a communist state that had a closed economy, a population of just fewer than one billion and state-owned companies that were financially unsuccessful and a drain on the economy. The choice of economic systems is based on the belief that the system will bring the highest goods to the majority of the people, most of the time. Mao Zedong adopted a Chinese nationalist and anti-imperialist outlook with which he ruled China...
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...convergent/divergent approaches to HRM WHAT IS DM? * Broadest sense: diversity in org terms means differences between working individuals such as gender, ethnicity, colour sexuality, religion, disability, age, social status, personality, amongst other categories (Ellis & Dick, 2002) * However, important to look at diversity at a national level, as the predominant diversity issues in each country are different (Shen et al., 2009). E.g while racial equality appears to be the predominant issue in the USA, multiculturalism has always been the most important dimension of diversity in Western countries, including the EU nations, Aus and NZ. * Similarly, while religion and ethnicity separate people in India, household status (hukou) differentiates off-farm migrants from urbanities in China. * In response to the growing diversity in the WF around the world, many companies have instituted specific policies/programs to enhance recruitment, inclusion, promotion and retention of disadvantaged groups * DM has historically been used to provide a legally defensible position against charges of discrimination (free-standing approach to managing diversity (Dass and Parker, 1999) – in line with EEO and AA that emerged from the civil rights movement in the USA in the 1960s * DM is a movement away from traditional EEO policies, rather than being driven by legislation, driven by the business case * In addition,...
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...Books and Novels | |Title |Author |Date of Publication and Publisher | |Book 1 |Far from the Madding Crowd |Thomas Hardy |Oct. 2006. the 8th Copyright@1997. | | | | |Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press | |Key words |Love,Haughty, Search, Ability, Pay, Wait (But I can’t really understand what the book want to express.) | | |Gabriel is a sensible man of good character and extraordinary ability.Bathsheba, charming confident and independent, actes as a girl with such many beautiful characteristics in the | | |novel. Gabriel meets love her at the first sight but haughtyBathsheba, just beacause Gabriel doesn’t express his love directly, refuses his love,and after which she keeps searching | | |for love. During which, she meets Boldwood, a middle-aged man who’ve never fallen in love with any girl but courts the girl feverishly for being attracted by a Valentine(just for | | |fun) of her and Troy, a dissolute...
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...During the years 1949 to 1954 Moa Zedong consolidated the power of the communist party after the civil war with the nationalist GMD. Moa initially did this by establishing the ‘People’s Liberation Army’ (PLA) on the 1st of October 1949. He also used force registration of the people to control all members of Chinese society. By imposing mandatory paperwork to own vital things like property, he ensured that ensured that he could control every aspect of their life and ensure conformity and allegiance to the communists through the fear that they would find out. When Mao took control he divided the country into six regions, loosely based on old Chinese provinces. Each had its own bureau of officials consisting of a Chairman, Party secretary, Military commander and Political commissar. Since two of these posts were military positions held by former PLA commanders from the war, it effectively placed the country under military control. Mao had done this intentionally has he believed that it was the best way to ensure the further industrialisation of China, and the continued control of the communist government. This defiantly workedas it not only allowed the Chinese government to direct any complaints the people may have at the ‘enemy’, but it also meant that because they were at war the people felt they had a duty to band together and work hard thus improving the economy. The ‘reunification campaigns’ is evidence of how brutal Moa and his government were whiling to be. He sent multiple...
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