...4) EXPLAIN THE NEED FOR ETHICAL PUBLIC RELATIONS IN RELATION TO THE CONSCIENCE OF AN ORGANIZATION. The importance of ethics is not only visible in public relations alone; on the contrary it encompasses each and every aspect of our daily life. The public relations of organisations that lack ethical principles are bound to fail sooner or later. The field of ethics, also called moral philosophy, involves systematizing, defending and recommending concepts of right and wrong behavior. It is defined by Parsons (2008:28) as the application of knowledge, understanding and reasoning to questions of right or wrong behavior. With this definition one can say that ethics are personal values system that each person uses to judge the right or wrong behaviour in others. In public relations discipline, ethics includes values such as honesty openness, loyalty, respect, integrity and forthright communication. Careful and consistent ethical analyses facilitate trust, which enhances the building and maintenance of relationships- after all, that is the ultimate purpose of the public relations function, (Bowen, 2008). Thus this essay will explain the need for ethical public relations in relation to the conscience of an organisation. Organisations accomplish more of their long term goals when they integrate some of what publics want, meaning that the management engages in an ongoing relationship of give and take with the publics. Scholars (Goodpaster & Matthews, 1982; J. E. Grunig & L. A. Grunig...
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...International Airport Terminal (2007) Kuala Lumpur International Airport (1998) SILK Kajang Interchange Sayong Bridge CIQ Complex, Johor (2007) Submarine Bay, Sepangar Bay, Kota Kinablu, Sabah We have progressed What do we want? Maximise value of investment Reference Model Competitive Tourism Highly respected SUSTAINABILITY Quality Environmental friendly Energy Efficiency Safety Issues, enablers and recommendations Issues 1. Clarity of outcomes 2. Strategic and integrated planning 3. Innovative Procurement 4. Life Cycle Costing Enablers 1. Human capital development 2. Construction technology 3. ICT Strategic map for improved project delivery in Malaysia Plans ONE MALAYSIA PEOPLE FIRST PERFORMANCE NOW Competitive Reference Model Sustainable Highly respected Safety Quality Tourism Clarity of outcome Strategic and integrated planning Innovative procurement Life Cycle Costing Enablers Human Capital Construction Technology ICT Cost and Impact vs time Impact/Cost Can make fundamental changes Effort not cost effective Less opportunity Consumes valuable time Influence Curve More work needed Little effort Limited to contract matters Effort Curve Not going to change anything Time Implementation Phase Outcome definition PLAN DESIGN TENDER CONTRACT CLOSING 1. Clarity of Outcomes Issues 1 2 3 4 Outcomes versus Output Project alignment to National Physical Plan Competitive edge...
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...Advances in Developing Human Resources http://adh.sagepub.com/ National Human Resource Development: What in the World Is It? Gary N. McLean Advances in Developing Human Resources 2004 6: 269 DOI: 10.1177/1523422304266086 The online version of this article can be found at: http://adh.sagepub.com/content/6/3/269 Published by: http://www.sagepublications.com On behalf of: Academy of Human Resource Development Additional services and information for Advances in Developing Human Resources can be found at: Email Alerts: http://adh.sagepub.com/cgi/alerts Subscriptions: http://adh.sagepub.com/subscriptions Reprints: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsReprints.nav Permissions: http://www.sagepub.com/journalsPermissions.nav Citations: http://adh.sagepub.com/content/6/3/269.refs.html >> Version of Record - Aug 1, 2004 What is This? Downloaded from adh.sagepub.com at Anglia Ruskin University on May 2, 2014 Issue Overview 10.1177/1523422304266086 Advances in Developing Human Resources McLean / INTRODUCTION TO NHRD National Human Resource Development: What in the World Is It? Gary N. McLean The problem and the solution. Recent exploratory research has affirmed the variations in understanding of the meaning of human resource development (HRD) from country to country based on a number of identifiable characteristics of the country. One area identified in the definitions of some countries, which was different from that found in the United States and in some other countries...
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...Human resource accounting Human Resource Accounting is a method to measure the effectiveness of personnel management activities and the use of people in an organization. Historical cost approach This approach is developed by Brummet, Flamholtz and Pyle but the first attempt towards employee valuation made by R. G. Barry Corporation of Columbus, Ohio in the year 1967. This method measures the organization’s investment in employees using the five parameters: recruiting, acquisition; formal training and, familiarization; informal training, Informal familiarization; experience; and development. The costs were amortized over the expected working lives of individuals and unamortized costs (for example, when an individual left the firm) were written off. Limitations * The valuation method is based on false assumption that the dollar is stable. * Since the assets cannot be sold there is no independent check of valuation. * This method measures only the costs to the organization but ignores completely any measure of the value of the employee to the organization (Cascio 3). Replacement Cost approach This approach measures the cost of replacing an employee. According to Likert (1985) replacement cost include recruitment, selection, compensation, and training cost (including the income foregone during the training period). The data derived from this method could be useful in deciding whether to dismiss or replace the staff. Limitations * Substitution of replacement...
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...Topic of Research Proposal: HUMAN CAPITAL AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NIGERIAN ECONOMY. Background of the Study Human Capital has been recognized globally as one major factor that is responsible for the wealth of nations. According to Smith (1776) and Folloni & Vittadini (2010), human capital refers to the acquired and useful abilities of all the inhabitants or members of the society. Without adequate investment in developing the human capital which is the process of increasing knowledge, skills and the capacities of people in the country, the possibility of sustainable development might be minimal. Investment in the human resource determines the type, quality, availability and productivity of the nation’s manpower. It involves the socio-economic development strategies (European Commission, 2007) critically needed to facilitate sustainable development. One major challenge facing Nigeria as a nation within the global community, is how to achieve sustainable development. According to the IMF (2002), sustainable development is made of three pillars. They are economic development, social development and environmental development. The essence of these pillars are to maintain and enhance the capacity and capability of future generations while meeting the needs of the present generation. To accomplish these multi-dimensional tasks, human capital should be strategically cultivated and positioned for the preservation of both the present and the future economic growth and development...
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...STRATEGIC HUMAN CAPITAL USING BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY® (2-DAY WORKSHOP) Introduction Today’s business managers of any sized organization are facing the challenges of human capital especially after the economic depreciate. In order to get rid of the crisis, organizations need a comprehensive, coherent and timely strategy on promoting, measuring and assessing innovations in human capital strategy. As such, it has been a drastic difference in the focus of professionals to train and retrain their skill-set through higher education. This is particularly important in challenging times like now. The need to change, innovate and respond appropriately is no longer a luxury. It is a necessity for survival and relevance. The role of Human Capital is important and significant because of the positive correlation to economic growth and societal development. Hence, UCSI Blue Ocean Strategy® challenges these old paradigms and offers the Strategic Human Capital Using Blue Ocean Strategy® 2–Day Workshop. Through the workshop, participants will learn the skills they need to align human resources goals and budgets with their organizational mission. In addition, participants will also understand the role of metrics and data in identifying desired outcomes and measuring progress toward the identified outcomes. Objectives * To introduce Blue Ocean Strategy® systematic methodology in Strategic Human Capital Planning and Execution. * Master the new business administration of strategic human capital...
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...Chapter 1: Supply of labor: depends on: * Positively on wage * Negatively on alternate wage * Positively on population size Demand for labor: * Increase in W lowers demand * Demand for steel reaises demand for L * Rental price increase demand for labor if K and L are subsititutes * Substitution and scale effect- increase in w increase production and increases steel price, cut back on steel and less need for worker * Scale effect: increase in R decreases both demand for capital and labor Neoclassical economics: * Methodological indivudalism: * Rational choice: * Maximize * Answers: who is the decision maker, what goals are, what constraints * Equalibirum * Pareto efficient: cannot increase well being on one without leaving others unchanged New Insitutituional economics: explain instiutituions in way of action and goal of indivualds in them Bounded limited rationality: limited ability to calculate how their deicion affects the future but aware that it does Chapter 2: Employment: 1 week 16+, 15 hous. Un: 4 weeks Not counted: Discouraged: 12 months, Marginally attatched: not looking for one Labor costs: earnings + benefits= total comp Straight line: gross expludes overtime. Measured in dolalrs/hour CPI: biased to overstate increase in true cost of living: does not allow for substitution since its calculated with a fixed basket of goods Chapter 3: Answers to 3 questions: firm is deicion maker,...
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...Business Planning and Enterprising Management Individual assignment Word account: 1940 Student name: Chen Yang ( Clarence) Student number: 22039659 Module leaders: Mike Cudzich-Madry, Dr Andrew Hird Submit date: 14 November The recognition of new opportunity is the significant unique behavior for entrepreneurs or managers to ascertain a new business. More especially, Haugh’s (2005) points out that “opportunity recognition is at the very heart of venture creation; some scholars regard opportunity recognition as the basis of entrepreneurship.” It means opportunity recognition is one of the ability to evaluate how entrepreneurs successful in venture creation. Also, opportunity recognition means the perceiving possibility of starting a new business and leading to considerable profit. There are two types opportunity recognition ‘internal perspective’ and ‘external perspective’. Internal perspective means entrepreneurs should make sure that problems and needs identified before make a decision which is risky, but external perspective denotes they should make the decision to start a venture precedes opportunity recognition. Most of entrepreneurs looked at three methods of discovery opportunity recognition ‘active searching’, fortuitous discovery’ and ‘opportunity creation’. However, social capital and human capital might be affected on opportunity recognition when entrepreneur creates a new business. This paper is going to discuss how human capital and social capital influence...
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...Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development Human capital reporting An internal perspective a guide 1 – a CIPD guide for personnel professionals to help them identify, collate, analyse and communicate data on human capital Written by Jim Matthewman and Floriane Matignon of Mercer Human Resource Consulting Acknowledgements The document draws on the perspectives, experience and measurement methods set out in the recent book by Haig R. Nalbantian, Richard A. Guzzo, Dave Kieffer and Jay Doherty, Play to Your Strengths: Managing your internal labour markets for lasting competitive advantage (New York: McGraw Hill, 2004). We are grateful to members of the CIPD Human Capital Working Party who provided input and advice: Greg Aitken, Head of Employee Research and Measurement, Royal Bank of Scotland Group Ron Collard, Partner, PricewaterhouseCoopers Andrew Mayo, Director, Mayo Learning International Tim Miller, Group Head of Human Resources, Standard Chartered Bank Tony Palmer, Head of the Marple Partnership Vicky Wright, Partner, Human Capital, Ernst & Young Human capital reporting Human capital reporting: an internal perspective 3 Human capital reprting Contents Preface 4 Introduction 6 Step 1 – Setting human capital management in context 10 Step 2 – Getting started: gathering and collating the data 21 Step 3 – Measuring human capital: tools and methodologies 27 Step 4 – Reporting the data:...
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...WHY IS THE HUMAN CAPITAL SO IMPORTANT FOR THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF MAURITIUS? Introduction This assignment aims to look at the special importance of human capital to the economy of Mauritius. First, we go about defining the concept of human capital. Afterwards, there will be a section which talks a bit about the history of the economy of Mauritius. Then we will move on to another section which tries to explore the different factors as to why and how human capital is important to Mauritius. We will then have a concluding remark. We will end by some possible recommendations. What is human capital? Adam Smith defined human capital as follows: “Fourthly, of Justin Slay’s types of capital which is of the acquired and useful abilities of all the inhabitants or members of the education, study, or apprenticeship, always costs a real expense, which is a capital fixed and realized, as it were, in his person. Those talents, as they make a part of his fortune, so do they likewise that of the society to which he belongs. The improved dexterity of a workman may be considered in the same light as a machine or instrument of trade which facilitates and abridges labour, and which, though it costs a certain expense which certainly repays afterwards. The use of the term in the modern neoclassical economic literature dates back to Jacob Mincer's article "Investment in Human Capital and Personal Income Distribution" in the Journal of Political Economy in 1958. Theorists also...
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...TURNOVER INTENT DIPLOMA THESIS Department: Strategie- und Unternehmensökonomik University of Zurich Human Resource Management Professor Dr. Bruno Staffelbach Supervising tutor: Dorothea Brunner Subject area: BWL I Subject: Human Resource Management Author: Mylene Perez Schüracherstr. 14a, 8306 Brüttisellen myleneperez82@yahoo.de Student ID Number: 02-728-285 Field of Study: BWL (Business Administration) Number of Semester: 10 Brüttisellen, 18.06.2008 Turnover Intent ABSTRACT Voluntary employee turnovers incur significant cost for an organization. Thus it is important to identify turnover intents as early as possible in order to enable planners to help implement courses of action. Within the scope of this diploma thesis a review of literature on turnover intent is offered. Initially the importance of the phenomenon is established and exact definitions of the subject area are presented. Subsequently the potentially critical impact of turnover behavior on organizational effectiveness is discussed. Several theoretical concepts that explain the occurrence of the turnover intent, and five key models that shaped the research on turnover, are presented and partially critiqued. This study also analyzes the effect of various factors on turnover intent using data from the HR-Barometers 2007. These factors were categorized into psychological, economical and demographic determinants, as well as moderating factors. The results revealed that the psychological...
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...MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. Human capital investment consists of: a. any activity that enhances the quality of labor b. expenditures for formal schooling only c. expenditures for on-the-job training only d. any activity that leads to the substitution of physical capital for labor 2. “Expenditures on education and training can be treated as investment in human capital.” This statement is: a. true—current expenses are incurred with the expectation they will be more than compensated for by greater future returns b. true—education must be financed by borrowing money c. false—the market for college loans is too imperfect to be consistent with investment models d. false—education is purchased for its current (consumption) value, not its future (investment) value 3. Approximately what percentage of the U.S. population had completed four or more years of college by the year 2006? a. 8% b. 14% c. 29% d. 41% 4. Age-earnings data show that: a. differences in earnings by education level disappear for workers age 55 and over b. men’s earnings increase with educational level but not women’s earnings c. earnings rise with factors such as family background and personal drive, but not education level d. higher educational levels are consistently associated with higher earnings 5. Available evidence indicates that: a. age-earnings profiles vary with education, but not with age b. age-earnings profiles vary with age, but not with education c. age-earnings profiles of...
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...interest in Intellectual Capital (IC) has been the core factor it is being developed rapidly (Juma and Paine, 2004; Bontis, 2001). IC was first being acknowledged in 1995 by Skandia when it published the world’s first IC yearly report (Edvinsson and Malone, 1997). Definition of Intellectual Capital (IC) There have been tremendously abundant definitions of IC (refer to Appendix 1). In general it may seen synonymous with knowledge capital and asset, intangible and visible assets (refer to Appendix 2). This also includes human capital, information assets as well as the enclose value of organisations (Bontis, 2001; Tseng and Goo, 2005). Itami (1987) refers IC as organisation’s intangible assets that consist of experience, customer relationship and information, organisation’s repute and culture and intellectual property. This consistent with what mentioned by Stewart (1997) where IC comprises intellectual material that is able to generate wealth. The closest definition of IC would be from Roos et al. (2005) where IC is said to be the non-physical besides non-monetary capitals controlled by organisations that leads to value formation. According to Stewart (1997), there are three components for IC, which are human capital, structural capital as well as relational capital (refer to Appendix 3). Components of IC Human capital happens to be the capital, embedded in a person’s mind and stays together in a person. When a worker quits, the human capital that includes skills, innovativeness...
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...TI 2011-061/3 Tinbergen Institute Discussion Paper Entrepreneurship and Role Models Niels BosmaA Jolanda HesselsB,C Veronique SchutjensA Mirjam van PraagD Ingrid VerheulE Utrecht University; B EIM Business and Policy Research, Zoetermeer; C Erasmus School of Economics, Rotterdam; D Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Amsterdam; E Rotterdam School of Economics; all in the Netherlands. A Tinbergen Institute is the graduate school and research institute in economics of Erasmus University Rotterdam, the University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam. More TI discussion papers can be downloaded at http://www.tinbergen.nl Tinbergen Institute has two locations: Tinbergen Institute Amsterdam Gustav Mahlerplein 117 1082 MS Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31(0)20 525 1600 Tinbergen Institute Rotterdam Burg. Oudlaan 50 3062 PA Rotterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31(0)10 408 8900 Fax: +31(0)10 408 9031 Duisenberg school of finance is a collaboration of the Dutch financial sector and universities, with the ambition to support innovative research and offer top quality academic education in core areas of finance. DSF research papers can be downloaded at: http://www.dsf.nl/ Duisenberg school of finance Gustav Mahlerplein 117 1082 MS Amsterdam The Netherlands Tel.: +31(0)20 525 8579 ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND ROLE MODELS Niels Bosma A, Jolanda Hessels B, C, Veronique Schutjens A, Mirjam van Praag D, Ingrid Verheul E A Faculty of Geosciences, Department...
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...Emphasis on human capital is a recent development. For a long time, concern has been placed on other factors of production. It was not until recently that attention shifted to Human capital which has led to a massive wave of investment in human capital development. Human capital development is the term used in referring to factors such as education, health, and other variables that can raise productivity. It refers to the ability to perform work so as to produce economic value. To a large extent this a function of the skills and knowledge workers acquired through education and experience. When viewed from a macro perspective, Human capital represents the human factor in an organization and this consists of the combined intelligence, skills and expertise of workers that gives the organization its distinctive character. It consists of those elements of the organization that are capable of learning, changing, innovating and providing the creative thrust which if properly motivated can ensure the long-term survival of an organization. Increasing attention is being given to Human capital due to globalization and its attendant saturation of the labour market. Concern about the issue has been being compounded by the recent downturn in the various economies of the world. This has led Organisations to appreciate the need to leverage on the workforce for competitive advantage in order to thrive and keep ahead of the competition. One major way of doing this is through human capital development...
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