...Human cloning is the process of somatic cell nuclear transfer to create a human embryo which has the potential to be implanted into a woman's uterus and develop into a child. http://search.proquest.com/docview/274730164?accountid=152046 Pro Con Intro. The debate is usually divided into two issues -- reproductive cloning (creating cloned human beings) and therapeutic cloning (creating cloned human embryos for research and destruction). For now, there is near-universal consensus that we should shun the first. The idea of mother-daughter twins or genetically-identical "daddy juniors" stirs horror in us. Our moral sense revolts at the prospect, because so many of our cherished principles would be violated: the principle that children should not be designed in advance; that newborns should be truly new, without the burden of a genetic identity already lived; that a society where cloning is easy (requiring a few cells from anywhere in the body) means anyone could be cloned without knowledge or consent; and that replacing lost loved ones with "copies" is an insult to the ones lost, since it denies the uniqueness and sacredness of their existence. For these reasons, Americans agree that human cloning should never happen -- not merely because the procedure is not yet "safe," but because it is wrong. http://search.proquest.com/docview/398885498?accountid=152046 Point 1 Many research advocates say that they, too, are against "reproductive cloning." But to protect their research,...
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...Mirroring the World: The Aspects of Human Cloning Mirroring the World: The Aspects of Human Cloning Looking into a mirror presents an image that is strikingly similar to your own, but what if this image could come to life. Through extensive research, scientists have discovered a way to create life through a process called cloning. Cloning can simply be described by making an exact copy of an object. No one would have ever thought science could reach a level in history where you can actually make an exact duplicate of any organism. With such a large hype over this new discovery, there have many opposing arguments that carried along through the years with the research. Growing circulations have revolved around this issue creating a question asking, “Has Genetic Engineering gone too far?” Trial and error is the key concept in cloning, which follows suit through its complicated process, complications, and alternatives that will together to give us a sneak preview of the future ahead of us. A Step into the Process Cloning can be done in a few methods to create new life. The most common type of cloning is known as “somatic cell nuclear transfer.” In English, the method is basically saying that someone takes the DNA from the clone and DNA from the unfertilized egg and fuses the cells together to create the exact copy. This is one way to create a clone; the other involves the egg of the female species being copied. The scientist then extracts the donor’s genes from...
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...Human cloning Cloning is an asexual reproduction. Human cloning is the most controversial and hot debate topic of the modern society. Humans have made everything from high tech objects to reaching far space planets in spaceship. Human cloning is creating identical copy of a human. It could also mean to reproduce human cells and tissues. It does not refer to the natural conception and delivery of identical twins. The possibility of human cloning has raised controversies. These ethical concerns have prompted several nations to pass laws regarding human cloning and its legality. There are two commonly discussed types of theoretical human cloning are: therapeutic cloning and reproductive cloning. Therapeutic cloning would involve cloning cells from a human for use in medicine and transplants, and is an active area of research, but is not in medical practice anywhere in the world, as of 2014. Two common methods of therapeutic cloning that are being researched are somatic-cell nuclear transfer and, more recently, pluripotent stem cell induction. On July 5, 1996, the most famous sheep in modern history was born. Ian Wilmut and a group of Scottish scientists announced that they had successfully cloned a sheep named Dolly by the process of somatic-cell nuclear transfer. Reproductive cloning would involve making an entire cloned human, instead of just specific cells or tissues. Scientists have cloned a variety of animals, including mice, sheep, pigs, cows and dogs. In 2006, scientists...
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...Cloning is paradigmatic because it signifies both a specific medical technique and the mode of operation of modern technique. As a specific technique it allows the reproduction of biological organisms, including humans. As a mode of operation it signifies the turning of given phenomena into human-induced processes, and in doing so seeks to control, if not outright eliminate, otherwise given differences. In the latter sense, cloning is equally applicable to biological organisms and cultural artifacts, including law. Seen from this perspective the homogenization of international law in the field of biotechnology is a telling case of the cloning of international law. The essay will begin with a science fiction account of cloning through a brief discussion of Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World.17 I will then move to discuss two case studies of genetic regulation, which simultaneously address the problem of cloning and reproduce the problem on a different level. The first concerns human cloning and the 2005 United Nation Declaration on the Human Cloning.18 The second concerns stem-cell research and a more recent decision of the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in the case of Brüstle v. Greenpeace (2011), to impose a blanket prohibition on patenting the outcome of stem-cell research. The two cases represent the growing international governance of biotechnologies. Both regulations set limits on the use of specific biotechnologies either by an outright prohibition of...
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...James A. Byrne ¡ John B. Gurdon Commentary on human cloning Introduction Human cloning refers to the production of genetically identical humans. This cloning is possible via either ‘‘embryo splitting’’ or ‘‘nuclear transfer’’. Embryo splitting involves the separation of an early human embryo into two or more parts. Each of these parts has the potential to develop into a blastocyst (late embryo), which, if implanted, can develop into a child. This is how genetically identical monozygotic twins are created. Artificial embryo splitting has been successfully implemented in various mammals including sheep (Willadsen, 1981), cows (Willadsen, 1989), mice (Agrawal and Polge, 1989) and monkeys (Chan et al., 2000), but has been performed only to the pre-implantation stages in humans (Hall et al., 1993). Recently the American Society for Reproductive Medicine declared that human cloning by artificial embryo splitting was an ethical procedure to increase the number of implantable human blastocysts used in certain infertility treatments (ASRM, 2000). However, embryo splitting can produce only a limited number of cloned individuals as the early embryo can be separated only a limited number of times, and the procedure is not able to produce a ‘‘clone’’ of an adult that already exists. The other method for producing cloned humans, nuclear transfer, does not suffer from these limitations, and the rest of this article will focus on human cloning achieved via this technique. Nuclear transfer (or...
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...Human Cloning Table of Contents: Advantages and Disadvantages Human Cloning and Divine Command Theory Human Cloning and Naturalism Human Cloning and Religion Human Cloning and Utilitarianism Human Cloning and Ethical Egoism Human Cloning and Kantianism Advantages and Disadvantages Like any other controversial topic, human cloning has numerous advantages and disadvantages, and based on these, one ought to decide whether to condemn human cloning as ethically right or not. On the one hand, there are several advantages for human cloning. These are mostly medical and political advantages. From a medical point of view, cloning can serve to improve the human condition. As a matter of fact, it provides cures to various diseases. With human cloning legalized, doctors would no longer treat cancer by chemotherapy; they would rather replace the affected cancerous organ by a new cloned one. Another way human cloning can serve to improve the human condition is by improving future generations. Some traits in human beings are unwanted and undesirable and can therefore be genetically dismissed in clones. Thus, future generations will not bear these unwanted characteristics. Furthermore, human cloning can serve to provide solutions to problems such as infertility and aging. Although Human cloning has a good number of advantages, it also has a lot of drawbacks. First of all, human cloning is the act of creating a new human being using technology and not the traditional way. This causes a...
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...Is cloning the new method to treat human beings in the future? Recently, there has been an argument about cloning a human being. When it comes to cloning, people seem to want it both ways: "no" to reproductive cloning on moral grounds and "yes" to therapeutic cloning on scientific grounds. But, which one is the right decision? Human therapeutic cloning helps the ill to recover more efficiently. Therapeutic cloning helps recreate cells and tissues for better health. The Advanced Cell Technology say: ?therapeutic cloning is cloning for the possibility of recreating young cells and tissues potentially of any kind, genetically identical to the person who needs them, to replace worn out cells and tissues? This therapy would help patients with Parkinson?s disease and spinal cord injury, heart muscle cells for heart failure, cartilage for arthritis, pancreatic cells for diabetes, as well as many others. Cells are obtained from embryos during women first stage of fertilization. This is one problem that part of society is concern about. They think this act is against moral grounds. Politicians are very concerned with this new therapy method too. They rail against the scientists and try to prohibit a whole tide of research. But such social and political responses ignore the dynamism of medical science -- its complexity and possibility. At this point, society and politicians have asked many questions to this new issue. Are women allowed to do this? Should there be a...
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...October 2014 The Potential Benefits of Human Cloning Imagine a utopia-based world in which a majority of lethal diseases could be cured. Human cloning could save the lives of people in ways that one could not even begin to imagine. “This new technology heralds a new era of unparalleled advancement in medicine if people will release their fears and let the benefits begin” (Human Cloning Foundation). The process of cloning a human being sounds more complicated than one would think. The procedure starts by removing DNA from the egg of a female, replacing that with genetic material from the person being cloned, initiating the development of the embryo, and finally, placing the embryo into a womb (Reason Magazine). With the ability of cloning humans, couples who had no hope for having children of their own, are able to reproduce, there would be cures to countless lethal diseases, and myriad lives would be saved from what seemed like impossible transplants. Human cloning needs to be further researched and experimented upon due to the overwhelming benefits and opportunities it brings forth for the human race. After human cloning is perfected, there are unimaginable advancements that would be made possible in the medical field. Infertile couples would be able to generate their own children. Rather than using the sperm and eggs from total strangers, the couple could produce their own child with their DNA. Even though the child would be produced from cloning, it Walker 2 would become a unique...
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...JESSA M. CASTILLO TTH 9:00 – 10:30 AM PHIS004 – N4 Human Cloning I can remember when I was still a 7-year-old-girl. I imagined of having a twin sister with identical features I have. I’d been thinking it would be fun because I would have someone I can could play with aside from my siblings and saw myself on my twin as my alter ego. Then I realized that it won’t be possible. Nowadays, with our modern technologies, the impossible turn possible; a pen with video camera, a rechargeable car or car ran by water or by the energy from the sun, a mobile phone and other inventions, innovation or modifications. A septuagenarian can even get pregnant and give a healthy baby through technologies. Scientists even made a clone of plants, animals and eventually a human being. Does human cloning helpful or harmful? When I was researching about this topic, there were ideas, questions in my mind that really made me ponder: 1. Do clones have souls? 2. Do clones have the same rights as normal human beings? 3. Where will they be staying? This human cloning is a very big leap to the future and a big technology invented ever. JESSA M. CASTILLO TTH 9:00 – 10:30 AM PHIS004 – N4 The Church does not approve human cloning because only God can create. But personally, I think there is nothing wrong with it if human race can be improved, diseases can be cured. All we have to do is be responsible of what human beings have invented. We are the masters of our creation and we should...
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...Abstract Cloning first kick-started in 1996, with the cloning of Dolly, in which there was no male involved in the cloning. Ever since Dolly, hundreds of animals have been cloned. Every single day, scientists are getting close and closer to cloning humans. With the technology today, it is seems more evident to happen. Nevertheless, not everyone believes that we should be cloning humans. In the United States right now, there is no law banning any kind of human cloning. This means that at this moment, scientists have the right to clone a human if they wanted to. While some believe that, we should not ban cloning in the United States, there are also many that believe that we should, and I am one of them. Within this paper, I will explain my view in order to plead my case that human cloning is unethical and inhumane. Human Cloning, Is it Ethical Human cloning is and has been the subject of moral debate in the United States and around the world, and because of this it has raised many ethical questions. One thing that I do have in common with our previous president Bush is his principle that it is unethical to create human life for destroying it. I never thought about human cloning and its relevance until I watched the movie, called The Island. The Island is a sci-fi action thriller that reportedly cost about $120 million to make. Its powerful message is against creating human life in a laboratory and it truly came through loud and clear despite...
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...Human cloning occurs naturally with phenomena like twins and triplets, but the same outcome of a genetically identical individual created in a lab is not as well received. Over the years, cloning has transformed from a thing of fantasy to one of reality. Current research is bringing us closer than ever to cloning humans, but what will happen if we succeed? The word clone is defined as being an exact genetic replica of a molecule, cell, plant, animal or human being. The term cloning refers to the technological process of creating a clone. The use of cloning technologies has been in place for the past 50 years, though it wasn’t until 1996 that the first mammal was cloned from a somatic cell. Dolly, the world’s first cloned lamb, brought cloning and its ethical implications into the spotlight after she was successfully cloned from an udder cell of a six-year-old sheep. Dolly was put to sleep in 2003 after suffering from lung disease, as well as premature arthritis. Having lived only six and a half years instead of the expected 11 – 12, Dolly’s passing also brought to light questions regarding the health and life expectancy of cloned animals. Though her life was short, she left a long lasting imprint in the field of modern biological research. The successful cloning of Dolly led to many other advances in the biological community, however, as of 2014 no human has ever been successfully cloned. Human cloning is a hotly debated topic in the science and religious communities...
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...The Next Generation of Cloning Hundreds of countries around the world are scrambling to ban human cloning, but scientists are convinced cloning can be useful in the near future. Cloning is making a replica of an organism or a cell, a copy of a human or mammal and making two or more of them. There have been a majority of people that have appealed to cloning and whether human beings should not be cloned nor should cloning be used. There has been many reasons for whether cloning should be allowed or not allowed. The heated debate over human cloning has changed how society views human life. This issue is dividing American society. Many argue that cloning is risky, unsafe, and can be harmful to mankind. Others contend cloning to be beneficial and...
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...The subject of human cloning is a complex issue, and with complex issues there are a variety of different opinions on the subject. Allowing general access to cloning should not be allowed as it will cause a social and ethical controversy. However, limiting it to only medical access such as life threatening situations is another way to strengthen the limitations. Cloning is the process of creating a new organism by copying genetic information from a single “parent” organism. In a way, a clone is a time delayed twin. It has the exact DNA of the original person it was copied from. There are two different methods of human cloning, therapeutic and reproductive. Both processes use nuclear transfer, the nucleus of an egg is removed and replaced...
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...The Human Cloning Prohibition Act has repeatedly failed to pass in 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2012, and 2015 which attempted to amend the Public Health Service Act. The Human Cloning Prohibition Act did not pass because of organ transplants, stem cell research, and genetic modification. The Human Cloning Prohibition Act has tried to have been passed in 1998, 2001, 2002, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009, 2012, and 2015 and has failed every time. This is partially due to the vague definitions of the act of cloning in regards to scientific research. One such example of this is in the Human Cloning Prohibition Act of 1998 which stated that it is unlawful to use human somatic cell nuclear transfer technology(SCNT) (“S. 1601 – Human...”). SCNT...
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...What does the future have in store for us? Scientist are starting to look into human cloning and the purpose for doing so is to have organ transplants and for experimentation. We have already cloned animals and the reason they do it, is mainly for testing. But, it did take a lot of tries before they could actual clone anything. One case that was heard around the world was the sheep called “Dolly”. She was produced by reproductive cloning and this all happens inside a laboratory. One day, scientists hope that a clone would be able to be used to treat serious diseases and failing organs. But, will it be possible. We do have advance technology and intelligent scientists with ambitious ideas. It would be cool but it is morally wrong because just with the first successful cloned human embryo can dominate the world....
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